• Born August 16, 1954

• He is still alive

• He's known for his deep-ocean exploration where we would go to the deepest parts of the ocean and film movies. He also wrote multiple movies including Avatar, Terminator, and Titanic

• One of his biggest explorations was when he dove in the Mariana trench in 2012. He became the first person to reach the 6.8 mile ocean trench on his own in 2012.

• His greatest accomplishment in Marine Bio was his decent into the Mariana trench where he reached 7 miles below sea level. He got the explorers club medal for that.

-nature.2012.10332.pdf 

-Filmmaker, Inventor, and Explorer: James Cameron --(nationalgeographic.org) 

-James Cameron - IMDb 

James Cook is our ocean explorer we chose. He was born on October 27, 1728. He died February 14, 1779. He was an expert Map maker and specialized voyaging in the Pacific. James started his voyage when he was 40 years old. His first voyage was to the Pacific during 1768 - 1771. His goal was to establish an observatory at Tahiti in order to record the transit of Venus. His final voyage was to locate the Northwest passage. His greatest accomplishment was him successfully navigating Queensland's Great Barrier Reef.

https://www.nla.gov.au/collections/guide-selected-collections/james-cook-and-his-voyages

Citation: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marco-Polo

-He was born in 1942, and is still living.

-He is an American oceanographer, explorer, geologist, and underwater archaeologist.

-He was born in Kansas and moved to San Diego as a kid.

-He went to college at UCSB.

-His first exploration was at the age of 17.

-In 1967 Ballard was called to active duty by the U.S. Army, he was assigned to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Research Institution in Massachusetts where he worked on underwater submersibles and helped develop the famous Alvin.

-In 1980 he helped develop small, unmanned submersibles that could be controlled by a tether from a surface ship.

-The alvin was later used to discover remains of the titanic on the ocean floor.The discovery of Titanic planted Ballard firmly in the pages of history.

-He also discovered other famous shipwrecks including the German battleship Bismarck and the passenger liner Lusitania.

-He also was part of an expedition that discovered active hydrothermal vents near the Galapagos Islands.

-citation:

http://www.seasky.org/ocean-exploration/ocean-explorers-robert-ballard.html

• Who? We decided to choose Rachel Carson.

• When were they born? Rachel Carson was born May 27th, 1907

• When did she die? She died in 1964 from breast cancer

• Facts about her: She received a masters degree in zoology, wrote several popular books about aquatic life, received many medals from different places like American Geographical society, Audubon Society, and The American Academy of Arts and Letters

• When was she most known: Rachel Carson was most known in the 1950s

• Rachel was exploring the danger of pesticides while still doing fish and wild life services

• Rachels biggest accomplishment for marine biology was being awarded the presidential medal of freedom of how pesticides affect eco systems and her book "The Sea Around us"

Citations

https://www.nps.gov/people/rachel-carson.htm#:~:text=“Rachel%20Carson%20Dies%20of%20Cancer,April%2015%2C%201964.

https://blog.response.restoration.noaa.gov/rachel-carson-biologist-writer-role-model#:~:text=Rachel%20Carson's%20greatest%20achievement%20came,environment%20on%20an%20unprecedented%20scale.

https://www.fws.gov/staff-profile/rachel-carson-1907-1964-author-modern-environmental-movement#:~:text=In%20it%2C%20Carson%20documents%20in,introduction%20of%20DDT%20in%201945.

https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/rachel-carson

Eugenie Clark was a very important marine biologist.

She was born May 4th 1922 in New York City and learned to swim before age 2.

She died February 5th 2016 t lung cancer.

She did her last dive at age 92, the year before she died.

She contributed greatly to the knowledge of Sharks and other marine animals.

In 1989 she wrote a book on sharks called The Lady and the Sharks

She explored sharks and their behavior and taught about sharks in hopes of clearing their bad reputation.

Her greatest accomplishment was discovering that some sharks don't have to swim to breathe

Citation -

Christopher Columbus- Born in October, 1452 in Genoa, Italy.

Died May 20, 1506 in Valladolid, Spain. Due to Arthritis.

Made 4 trips across the Atlantic ocean from Spain.

Columbus was looking to find a new route to Asia, but "discovered" the :New World" (The Americas).

By traveling to the Americas, Columbus encouraged others to travel across the Atlantic ocean and discover new things.

Columbus was awarded the title "Admiral of the Ocean Sea," in April 1492.

Since then there have been many books about his adventures across the Atlantic.

Which is why Columbus is such an important person in History.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus

https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus

Born: November 2, 1931

died: November 12 2023

He was in the Navy and was the first person to descend in the deepest part of the ocean

Greatest accomplishment was exploring the Mariana

He was president of international Marine incorporated

He served onboard San Diego based submarines and commanded one in 1968

From 1959-1962 he was officer-in-charge at the navy electronics laboratory in San Diego

When he went to the Mariana Trench he went over 35,000 deep into the ocean.

Don Walsh - Explorer Home

Unsinkable Don Walsh

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sylvia-Earle

https://explorers.nationalgeographic.org/directory/sylvia-alice-earle

Christopher Columbus

Born between August 26th and October 31st of 1451 in Genoa, Italy.

Died May 20th 1506 in Valladolid, Spain.

Opened the way for European exploration of the Americas.

4 transatlantic voyages in 1492, 1493, 1498, and 1502 in search of India but found America's instead.

Inspired new expeditions and revolutionized navigation while committing genocide and spreading disease.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus

https://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/subject/christopher-columbus/

• Born in 1480 Portugal

• He sailed under the flags of both Spain and Portugal

• He lead the first expidition to circumnavigate the globe. His crew succeeded, even though Magellan himself died in the Phillipines before completeling the journey.

• He discovered the Strait of Magellan

• Died on April 27, 1521

Ferdinand Magellan | Biography, Voyage, Map, Accomplishments, Route, Discoveries, Death, & Facts | Britannica

• Born on July 29, 1877 (Brooklyn, NY)

• Died on June 4, 1962

• He is known for being a deep sea, ocean explorer. He was also a writer on natural history, and a biologist.

• William reached Mexico, Asia, and the Galapagos Islands, and even in the jungles of South America to study sea life by a 5,000 pound cast iron Bathysphere.

• His greatest accomplishment was when he made his record-breaking descent of 3,028 feet. He also discovered bioluminescent fish.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Beebe

She started her work in 1946 and retired in 1999. She studied different fish and sharks. She made her own Marine Lab in Florida.

Clark found five new species of fish and came out with a book called "Lady with a Spear" as well as a few other books. She found out that sharks do not need to swim to breath.

During his voyage on HMS Beagle from 1837 to 1839, Darwin conducted extensive studies across almost every continent. His most famous discoveries were made on the Galapagos islands, where he studied finches and their beak sizes, leading to the formulation of his theory of natural selection by evolution.

His most remarkable accomplishment in marine biology was his theory for how coral reefs are formed.

https://www.embrc.eu/newsroom/news/charles-darwin-marine-inspiration-conception-rosetta-stone-biology#:~:text=He%20came%20up%20with%20a,moments

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin/The-Beagle-voyage

• Born August 30, 1935 and is currently 88 years old.

• She went to Duke university and has one brother

• She has led over 100 expeditions and logged more than 7,000 hours underwater. She has authored more than 200 publications and lectured in 90 countries.

• She hold the records for the deepest walk on the seafloor and is a world - renowned expert on marine biology

• She is known for her long voyage to the indian ocean and her research on marine algae

• https://explorers.nationalgeographic.org/directory/sylvia-alice-earle

• https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+Sylvia+Alice+Earle+known+for&oq=what+is+Sylvia+Alice+Earle+known+for&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDc3OTVqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

• https://www.google.com/search?q=what+did+sylvia+explore&oq=what+did+sylvia+explore&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDU5OTZqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Cook

• Born in Venice, Italy during 1254

• He died in Venice on January 8th, 1324.

• Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant and adventurer. He helped establish trade relations between the Mongol Empire and the Republic of Venice.

• His family traded in the Middle East for a long time. The Polo's managed their affairs well at Berke's court.

• He traveled to Asia in 1271. In China he discovered the use of paper money, postal system, coal, eyeglasses, and architecture.

• His greatest accomplishment was his book, its title is "The Travels of Marco Polo." He traveled throughout the east and served the Mongol emperor.

  
  

citation:

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marco-Polo

study.com

-He was born in Kansas before moving to San Diego at a young age.

-It was in San Diego where he found his love for the ocean

-He attended the University of California Santa Barbra where he earned a degree in chemistry and geology

-In 1967 Robert was assigned to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Research Institution where he became a full time marine scientist in 1974.

-He was an American Oceanographer and marine geologist.

-He is best known for finding the wreck of the titanic in 1985.

-He used diving submersibles for deep sea archaeology

-He took part in an expedition that discovered active hypothermal vents near the Galapagos Islands

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Ballard-American-oceanographer

He was born on October 10, 1861 and died on May 13, 1930 of a heart attack. Fridjof was an oceanographer, statesman, and humanitarian. He was the leader of explorations to the Arctic in 1888, 1893, and 1895.

His most significant accomplishments were opening the doors to Arctic exploration and winning a Nobel Peace Prize for his international relief work for the League of Nations as their High Commander for Refugees.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fridtjof-Nansen

https://www.unhcr.org/us/news/stories/passion-vision-and-action-fridtjof-nansen-humanitarian-extraordinaire

Born: 1540-43 in Tavistock, UK

Died: January 28, 1596 in Portobelo, Panama

When Francis Drake was around 18 years old, he enlisted in the Hawkins family fleet.

This prowled for shipping to seize off the French coast. In the 1560s, he advanced to the African trade and by 1568, he had command of his own ship on a Hawkins venture of illicit slave-trading in the Spanish colonies of the Caribbean.

When Drake made his voyage to the West Indies, his ship was attacked by the Spanish and many of his men were killed. Despite the violent attack from the Spanish, he escaped and returned to England to command a small vessel with an even greater determination to have his revenge on the Spanish. Although this voyage was unsuccessful, it got Queen Elizabeth's attention, who had herself invested in the slave-trading venture.

His greatest accomplishment was being on the voyage to circumnavigate the globe for the first time. He became very wealthy and returned to Plymouth Harbour where his fortune was permanently made. Soon after, Queen Elizabeth personally bestowed knighthood on him.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-Drake

born - in 1907 in Springdale, Pennsylvania

died - in 1964 in Maryland

when were they working - in 1936 Carson took a position as aquatic biologist with the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, she was known for about aquatic life. She became most famous during the 1950's and received many awards for her writings during that time. She wrote about the dangers of pollution, and on other aquatic information. She also influenced the creation of the EPA.

greatest accomplishment - Carson's greatest accomplishment was winning the presidential medal of freedom because of her book called, "The Sea Around Us".

citations

https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/rachel-carson

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rachel-Carson

• Vasco Da Gama was born in Sines, Portugal in 1460 and died in India on december 24 1524. He had bridge honored for him called the Vasco Da Gama bridge located in Lisbon and was the longest bridge in Europe at the time of its inauguration in 1998.

• Altogther Da Gama had three voyages.

• In 1495 when King Manuel ascended to the throne, the Portuguese court shifted in favour of friends and patrons of the Da Gama family. The project was to send a Portuguese fleet to India to open the sea route to Asia, and also to trade with India and other Eastern states. Gama was appointed to lead the expedition.

• Da Gama first voyage he sailed from Lisbon on July 8, 1497 with a fleet of four vessels, two medium-sized three-masted sailing ships, each of about 120 tons, named the "Sao Gabriel" and the "Sao Rafael". On this voyage Da Gama had to push through rough weather and even had to take some detours. Many of the crew man were sick with scurvy, but in the end they pushed through.

• Da Gama made a huge difference to marine bio but not all that he did was good. During the second voyage after seizing the cargo he captured ships and set it on fire killing 200 to 400 passengers.

• Da Gama greatest accounshiment for marine biology was that he was first to set sail from Europe to India by rounding Africa cape of good hope.

• https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-da-Gama/The-second-voyage

Born on 1454 In Florence Italy

Died on 1512 in Sevilla Spain

Vespucci was a merchant and explorer navigator. Fun fact America was named after Amerigo Vespucci.

Vespucci's exploration fell between 1497 and 1504. Vespucci was exploring the East coast of south America between 1499 and 1502.He explored Brazil and even went as far as the Platte River in Argentina. He found that south America went further in south than how Europeans expected. The reason for this journey is because they needed to find a practical passage to Asia.

Vespucci's greatest accomplishment to Marine Biology was going on voyages through many oceans and discovering new lands and sea creatures.

Citations

https://www.britannica.com/summary/Amerigo-Vespucci

Amerigo Vespucci - New World Encyclopedia

-Magellan was born February 4, 1480 and died April 27, 1521.

-Magellan is a Portuguese explorer and is well known for circumnavigating the whole world.

-Magellan set off to explore September, 20, 1519.

-Magellan's accomplishment for Marine biology was having a great discovery of the Strait of Magellan.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-Magellan

-Magellan was born February 4, 1480 and died April 27, 1521.

-Magellan is an explorer and is known for circumnavigating the whole Earth.

-He was a Portuguese explorer and set sailed Sept. 20, 1519.

-Magellan's greatest accomplishment for marine biology was his great discovery the Strait of Magellan.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-Magellan

Born in 384B.C. In Stagira in northern Greece.

Died in 322B.C. And he was requested to be buried with his wife

Aristotle is cool because he is famous for his treatise on animals (party of animals. Movement of animals) cosmology.

He is the founding father of marine biology

His most greatest accomplishment for marine biology is that he legit is the one who created this thing.

Citation:https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece/aristotle

https://www.marinebio.org/creatures/marine-biology/history-of-marine-biology/