- Copyright is the exclusive right to control creative works created by the author, copyright owner and performer for a specific period governed under the Copyright Act 1987 (MyIPO).

2. patent 

- is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem (MyIPO) 

3. trademark 

is a sign which distinguishes the goods and services of one trader from those of another. A mark includes a device, brand, heading, label, ticket, name, signature, word, letter, numeral or any combination of these 

In terms of Intellectual Property
1. Copyrights 

 Copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country. It allows the creator of an original work to have the exclusive rights to its use and distribution, usually for a limited time, so that the creator can receive compensation for their intellectual effort. Copyrighted works or materials which are stolen and reproduced are known as "piracy" or "plagiarism". 

2.  Creative Commons 

 established to allow creators to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or other creators. 

3. Plagiarism 
the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own 

 

2) Empirical Measurement and testing of product usage
▪ Focus on ease of learning and ease of use
▪ Testing of prototypes with actual users

3) Iterative Design
▪ Product designed, modified and tested repeatedly.
▪ Allow for the complete overhaul and rethinking of design by early testing of conceptual models and design ideas. 

• those who interact directly with the product
• those who manage direct users
• those who receive output from the product users’ capabilities vary in many dimensions:
• size of hands may affect the size and positioning of input buttons
• motor abilities may affect the suitability of certain input and output device
• height if designing a physical kiosk  

Method use to gather data:
Observation or ethnography, Interview, Questionnaire, Focus groups and Participant analysis.

Example: self-service cafeteria system
• Functional= ​system will calculate cost of purchases
•Data= system must have access to price of products
•Environmental = will be carrying a tray, in a rush, noisy and talking
• User: most users under 25, comfortable with technology
•Usability= simple for new users, memorable for frequent users, quick to use, no waiting around for processing