11th Century (1062)

Leif Erickson who was a Viking came across modern-day Canada which then was called Vineland

Christopher Columbus: Sailed in 1492 looking for the Spice trade route. Spain funded his expedition. He thought he landed in India so he called the people Indians. This was a failed expedition.

1620

Oceanus was born

The colonists left for religious freedom and financial gain

Docked in Cape Cod, Massachusetts

The first form of government was the Mayflower Compact, only men signed

1775-1783

colonists went to war because they were being taxed and felt that it was unfair

Taxation without representation

Townsend Act, Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party

Colonists vs. Great Britain

Colonists became free

July 4, 1776

Formal letter to Britain why we are breaking away

Colonists wanted to be free from Great Britain

Founding Fathers: Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson (wrote it), George Washington (first president), John Hancock, Paul Revere

George Washington was in charge

Summer of 1787

Jefferson wasn't there

Constitution was created

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

George Washington was the first president and the general of the army

the belief that Providence would help America eventually reach from the East Coast to the West Coast

Mexican-American War 1846-1848

Avoided war with Britain by drawing the border with Canada on the 49th Parallel, instead of 54 degrees

A factor leading to the Civil War

Late 1700s-1800s

1803

a land deal with France where the U.S. acquired 827,000 square miles west of the Mississippi River for $15 million

doubled the size of the United States

Was previously owned by France where they got it from Spain

December 30

Thomas Jefferson was president

1812-1815

Referred as the "second war of independence"

Fought between America (James Madison was president) and Great Britain (North American Colonies and Native Americans)

Reasons for war were trade restrictions, impressment of 10,000 American Merchants sailors into the British Navy, and British support of Native Americans fighting American settlers on the frontier

White House was lit on fire

Francis Scott Key: successful lawyer in Maryland

Battle of Fort McHenry

Baltimore

September 14, 1814

1861-1865

Fort Sumter

North (Union) vs. South (Confederates)

North had factories, railroads, and the population, but the South had military geniuses

North general was fired by President Lincoln and once Ulysses S. Grant became the general the battle was won by the North

In 1865 Abraham Lincoln was assassinated

1863 Battle of Gettysburg won by the North

January 1, 1863 Emancipation Proclamation

January 1, 1863

Written by Abraham Lincoln

The main purpose was to eradicate slavery in hopes of reuniting the Union

Paved the way for the 13th amendment

Freed 3 million slaves only during the war and only in rebellious states

November 19, 1863 Abraham Lincoln delivered The Gettysburg Address after the Battle of Gettysburg

1846-1848

We wanted to spread from sea to sea; Manifest Destiny

Mexico did not want to sell to us

We said that the Rio Grande was the border of Mexico

U.S. gained the Texas territory and bought California from the Peace Treaty

The President of Mexico was captured and forced to sign that the U.S. would gain more than half of Mexico's territory

The U.S. doubled in size

Mexicans now living in the U.S. were given citizenship and would be protected under the Treaty of Hidalgo

1898

United States and Cuba vs. Spain

Cuba wanted independence from Spain

Americans were living in Cuba and sent the U.S.S. Maine to aid the Americans. It mysteriously exploded and sunk on February 5, 1898, and Spain was blamed

April 24th, 1898 Spain declared war on the US

April 25th, 1898 US declared war on Spain

The rough riders were the first volunteer cavalry with Theodore Roosevelt as a leader

They were best known for their charge up San Juan Hill on July 1, 1898

December 10, 1898, Treaty of Paris was signed giving the US control of the Philippines for $20 million, Cuba was free, the US had control of Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines

Spain lost all control overseas and US gained control over seas

1890-1920

Efforts to improve society starting with reforms to working conditions, humanizing treatment for mentally ill and prisoners

Amendments:

• 16 - Income Tax 1913

• 17 - Direct Election of Senators 1913

• 18 - ratified in 1919 prohibited alcohol in the US

• 19 - Women's right to vote 1920

Susan B Anthony refused to support the 15th Amendment

National American Women's Suffrage Association

1914 (1917 for the US)-1919

Began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria

Allied - Great Britain, Russia, France, Belgium, and more with the US joining later

Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria

The US joined because we had been selling resources to Great Britain and France and a German U-Boat sank American Passenger and commercial ship

On the 11th hour of November 11th, 1918 the war ended but the Treaty was not official until 1919

Treaty of Versailles

January 10, 1920

Goal was to keep peace in the world

Solve problems before they disputed to prevent warfare

Developed after WWI and ended during WWII

Woodrow Wilson proposed the idea in his Fourteen Points Speech in 1918

Fourteen Points became the Treaty of Versailles

US did not join, President Wilson died while he was trying to get them on board, Congress decides not to ratify the treaty after his death

Many Americans didn't want to join because of fear of being dragged into international affairs

48 countries

Falls apart during WWII and the United Nations comes after the end of WWII

New way of thinking of what it meant to be a woman and citizen of the United States

1848-Seneca Falls Convention; men and mostly women met to discuss the problem of women's rights

Elizabeth Cady Stanton was one of the first leaders of the women's rights movement

Susan B. Anthony was president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association

Lucretia Mott was a 19th-century feminist activist who helped launch the women's rights movement

Declaration of Sentiments laid out what the rights of American women should be

Anthony and Stanton wanted a right for women to vote

19th Amendment guarantees the right for all women to vote and was ratified on August 18, 1920

1820s-1830s

1930s Dust Bowl

Stock Market Crash 1929

October 24, 1929 Black Thursday

11% drop in the stock market resulting in the loss of billions of dollars

Herbert Hoover was president

Adolf Hitler was leader of Germany

In July 1921 Hitler became the leader with unlimited power

1933-1945

six million European Jews murdered

Jews and Non-Jews suffered from starvation, families were separated

white with blonde hair and blue eyes were targeted

September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945 (US 1941-1945)

deadliest conflict in human history

Allies and Axis

1941 - war was sparked by Hitler's invasion of Poland

December 7, 1941, Japan bombs Pearl Harbor

June 6, 1944, D-Day in Normandy where 100,000 troops fought German forces, 10,000 were dead

On August 6, 1945, Americans drop a bomb on Hiroshima killing 80,000 people and then dropped another on Nagasaki killing 40,000 people

December 7, 1941

U.S. Naval base near Honolulu, HI

The main goal was to destroy the Pacific Fleet so that the Americans would not be able to fight back as Japan moved to take over the South Pacific

USS Arizona exploded and sank with 1,000 men inside drowned

December 8, 1941 US declared war

Began on March 18, 1942, and ended at the end of WWII

happened because of the attack on Pearl Harbor, fear for national security, and racism against Asian immigrants

1983 Congressional Commission determined it was an act of racism, not military protection so Reagan signed Civil Liberties Act and official apology was issued

coined by Franklin D. Roosevelt

1945

26 nations joined to work together against the Axis powers

51 countries originally, today 193

was to maintain international peace, and security, promote human rights, foster social and economic development, protect the environment and provide humanitarian aid

March 12, 1947

President Truman

Start of Cold War

Churchill asked Roosevelt to send their troops in during WWII

containing communism ---> the domino effect

1947-1991

Soviets resented the American's delayed response to entering WWII

Nuclear bomb race and race to the moon

On July 20, 1969, US landed on the moon

Mikhail Gorbachev becomes president and signs a peace treaty

The Berlin Wall was destroyed

United States vs. Soviet Union

1950-1953, 2018

North Korea invades South Korea after WWII in June 1950

US troops deployed later and other countries joined to help stop the spread of communism

July 1953 both sides agree to cease fire, but Korea is still divided

2018 formal treaty is signed

1955-1975

Geneva Conference to split Vietnam

US takes over for France sending military aid to South Vietnam

North Vietnam takes control after the US leaves the war

Divided America, will affect soldiers lives forever, and we spent over $120 billion on the conflict

1976 Vietnam was unified

1954-1968

Brown v. Board (1954) of Education ended legal segregation in schools

Rosa Parks arrest (1955)

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Bloody Sunday: African American demonstrators were attacked by Alabama State Troopers, white Americans realized how violent things really were. 

24th Amendment

Civil rights Act of 1964 makes it illegal to discriminate against race, color, gender, religion

Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated in 1968

Little rock nine (1957) were nine students that enrolled in a formally all white central high school

1950s-1960s

Martin Luther King Jr. sought freedom

1954

Topeka Kansas School District was sued by the parents

"separate but equal"

overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson

Fred Vincent was against Brown, but he died and Earl Warren helped change the ruling of this case

June 1972-August 1974

main reason distrust exists between the people and their president

Nixon wanted to win the next election so he had his men steal important documents from the democratic party

Watergate is the name of the building

He had the FBI and CIA spy for him

He denied what he did and got reelected

he resigned because he knew impeachment was

inevitable

President Ford then pardoned President Nixon about a month into his presidency

1990-1991

President Saddam Hussein ordered invasion and occupation of Kuwait in 1990

January 17, 1991, the US led air offensive attacks followed by 42 days of relentless attacks (Operation Desert Storm) which helped to end the war

Troops were brought to protect Saudi Arabia and he Gulf states (Operation Desert Shield)

February 28, President Bush announced a cease fire and war was over

September 11, 2001

Targets were the Twin Towers, the Pentagon, and most likely the white house or Capitol

Osama Bin Laden was the leader of Al Qaeda

higher security in airports, memorials of the Twin Towers, and cause for rebuilding

2003-2011?

March 2003 US invaded Iraq

Destruction of Iraqi Weapons and Mass destruction, the end dictatorship of Saddam Hussein were the main reasons for the war

Saddam Hussein was executed

December 15, 2011, US declared the end of the war after almost 10 years of fighting

2011 wasn't the end of the war

US troops still remain in the presence of Iraq