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      <title>Evolution of a crocodile  by Talia Dee</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6</link>
      <description>Talia dee period 4
</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2021-05-18 21:47:31 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2026-01-05 22:02:08 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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      <item>
         <title>Sphenosuchus</title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549445743</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>he skull of <em>Sphenosuchus</em> was much smaller relative to the rest of the body. The jawline was deeper and ventrally convex with a premaxilla/maxilla kink. The antorbital fenestra was deeper than a slit. The squamosal shelf was downturned posteriorly. Anterior to the vomers the maxillae produce a medial shelf that includes a new premaxillary fenestration at the suture.</div><div>The neural spines were taller. The coracoid is stem-shaped, not disc-shaped as in more primitive taxa. Whereas in <a href="http://www.reptileevolution.com/cosesaurus.htm"><em>Cosesaurus</em></a> the coracoid became stem-like at the onset of bipedalism, here it occurs at the return to quadrupedalism. The coracoid still slides. It is not socketed, as in fenestrasaurs/pterosaurs and birds.</div><div>The pubis is extremely elongated. The femur and tibia were similar in length to the humerus.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Hesperosuchus_BW.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2021-05-21 23:53:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549445743</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Thalattosaur</title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549449015</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Thalattosaurs have moderate adaptations to marine lifestyles, including long, paddle-like tails and slender bodies with more than 20 dorsal vertebrae. There are few unique traits of the postcranial skeleton shared by all thalattosaurs, but the skeleton is still useful for distinguishing between askeptosauroids and thalattosauroids. Askeptosauroids are characterized by elongated necks with short neural spines and at least 11 vertebrae, while thalattosauroids have shorter necks sometimes involving as few as four vertebrae. Thalattosauroids also have tall neural spines on their neck, back, and especially the tail vertebrae, increasing the surface area for swimming via <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undulatory_locomotion">lateral undulation</a>. Thalattosauroids additionally possess short, wide limb bones poorly adapted for movement on land. In this superfamily, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humerus">humerus</a> is widest near the shoulder, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femur">femur</a> is widest near the knee, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_(bone)">radius</a> is reniform ("<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney">kidney</a>-shaped"), and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalanx_bone">phalanges</a> are long and plate-like. Askeptosauroids retain hourglass-shaped limb bones like land reptiles, but even they share specializations with thalattosauroids such as a short <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibia">tibia</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibula">fibula</a>, with the latter expanding near the ankle.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Miodentosaurus_BW.jpg/250px-Miodentosaurus_BW.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2021-05-21 23:56:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549449015</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Notosuchia </title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549469020</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Notosuchians were generally small, with slender bodies and erect limbs. The most distinctive characteristics are usually seen in the skull. Notosuchian skulls are generally short and deep. While most are relatively narrow, some are very broad. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simosuchus"><em>Simosuchus</em></a> has a broadened skull and jaw that resembles a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pug">pug</a>, while <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatosuchus"><em>Anatosuchus</em></a> has a broad, flat snout like that of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck">duck</a>.<br><br></div><div><br>The teeth vary greatly between different genera. Many have <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterodont">heterodont</a> dentitions that vary in shape across the jaw. Often, there are large canine-like teeth protruding from the front of the mouth and broader molar-like teeth in the back. Some genera, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacarerani"><em>Yacarerani</em></a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakasuchus"><em>Pakasuchus</em></a>, have extremely <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal">mammal-like</a> teeth. Their molars are complex and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicuspid">multicuspid</a>, and are able to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occlusion_(dentistry)">occlude</a> or fit with one another. Some forms such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawisuchus"><em>Malawisuchus</em></a> had jaw joints that enabled them to move the jaw back and forth in a shearing motion rather than just up and down.<br><br></div><div><br>A derived group of notosuchians, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baurusuchid">baurusuchids</a> differ considerably from other forms. They are very large in comparison to other notosuchians and are exclusively carnivorous. Baurusuchids have deep skulls and prominent canine-like teeth.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Simosuchus_clarki%2C_ROM.jpg/300px-Simosuchus_clarki%2C_ROM.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:11:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549469020</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Goniopholis</title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549475091</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp;an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinct">extinct</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus">genus</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goniopholidid">goniopholidid</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodyliform">crocodyliform</a> that lived in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa">Africa</a> during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Jurassic">Late Jurassic</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Cretaceous">Early Cretaceous</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goniopholis#cite_note-AEBS11-1"><sup>[1]</sup></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goniopholis#cite_note-Escuchacrocs-2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> Being semi-aquatic it is very similar to modern crocodiles. It ranged from 2–4 metres in length, and would have had a very similar lifestyle to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_alligator">American alligator</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile_crocodile">Nile crocodile</a>.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mzc3xAn5cec/UplJRMxnjKI/AAAAAAAAD4Y/qZUx7_94Rko/s1600/Goniopholis_NT.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:17:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549475091</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Hylaeochampsa</title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549476544</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinct">extinct</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus">genus</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusuchia">eusuchian</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylomorpha">crocodylomorph</a>. It is known only from a partial skull recovered from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barremian">Barremian</a>-age rocks of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Cretaceous">Lower Cretaceous</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectis_Formation">Vectis Formation</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealden_Group">Wealden Group</a>) of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Wight">Isle of Wight</a>. This skull, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London">BMNH R 177</a>, is short and wide, with a eusuchian-like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palate">palate</a> and inferred enlarged <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location">posterior</a> teeth that would have been suitable for crushing</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/James-Clark-35/publication/291045398/figure/fig1/AS:670051111804942@1536764042882/Stereo-pairs-of-the-holotype-of-Hylaeochampsa-vectiana-Owen-1874-in-dorsal-view_Q320.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:19:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549476544</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Crocodilia</title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549478052</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Large, solidly built, lizard-like reptiles, crocodilians have long flattened snouts, laterally compressed tails, and eyes, ears, and nostrils at the top of the head. They swim well and can move on land in a "high walk" and a "low walk", while smaller species are even capable of galloping. Their skin is thick and covered in non-overlapping scales. They have conical, peg-like teeth and a powerful bite. They have a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_chamber">four-chambered</a> heart and, somewhat like birds, a unidirectional looping system of airflow within the lungs, but like other living non-avian reptiles they are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectotherms">ectotherms</a>.<br><br></div><div><br>Crocodilians are found mainly in lowlands in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropics">tropics</a>, but alligators also live in the southeastern United States and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangtze_River">Yangtze River</a> in China. They are largely <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivorous">carnivorous</a>, the various species feeding on animals such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs, birds, and mammals; some species like the Indian gharial are specialised feeders, while others like the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltwater_crocodile">saltwater crocodile</a> have generalised diets. Crocodilians are typically solitary and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_(animal)">territorial</a>, though cooperative feeding does occur. During breeding, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominance_(ethology)">dominant</a> males try to monopolise available females. Females lay eggs in holes or in mounds and, unlike most other non-avian reptiles, care for their hatched young.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:20:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549478052</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>VISIT </title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549480674</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>V- variation - Mutation<br>I- inheritance&nbsp;- Sexual selection<br>S- selection - Natural selection <br>T- time - Genetic Drift </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:23:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549480674</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Natural selection </title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549488521</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://biology4me.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/0/8/26081689/natural-selection-mechanism_orig.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:30:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549488521</guid>
      </item>
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         <title>Mutation </title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549492544</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Small errors in DNA code during cellular reproduction. Beneficial or harmful.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.yourgenome.org/sites/default/files/illustrations/diagram/dna_mutations_inversion_yourgenome.png" />
         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:34:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549492544</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Sexual selection </title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549496173</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Passing of genetic information, influenced by male competition and female choice.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/nSllBQFzfC8/maxresdefault.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:37:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549496173</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Genetic drift </title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549500657</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Bottle neck effect - Lucky v.s. unlucky&nbsp;<br>Founder effect- found&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:40:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549500657</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Bottle neck effect </title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549502117</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events such as famines, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts or human activities.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:42:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549502117</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Founder effect </title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549504028</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://larryfrolich.com/Evolution/NaturalSelection/founder.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:44:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549504028</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Homologous structures </title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549505314</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Same structures in organisms possibly having a common ancestor. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://calaski.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/homologous-structures.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:46:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549505314</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>vestigial organs </title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549509654</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Its there for something but not used the same as it once was or isn't needed. (A <strong>vestigial structure</strong> that an <strong>alligator</strong> has are small horns behind their eyes)</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://image3.slideserve.com/6027307/vestigial-structures-l.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:50:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549509654</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny</title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549512760</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp;an organism repeats it's evolutionary history during embryonic development.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:54:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549512760</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Molecular evolution </title>
         <author>taliadee</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549515590</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Molecular evolution is the process of change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations.&nbsp;( humans are closer to chimps than a zebra and a horse are)</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s_YzilEjltM/TZDdBKv2xhI/AAAAAAAAFzY/szsj4wXpR0A/s1600/molecular+evolution.gif" />
         <pubDate>2021-05-22 00:57:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/taliadee/zsh5eyb651lblew6/wish/1549515590</guid>
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