rice can be switch from using C3 photosynthesis to C4 photosynthesis which is way more efficient. This is because C4 plants efficiently minimise energy wasting by using O2 as enzyme to fix CO2 before converting it to sugar. Therefore, more water and nitrogen could be save to be use in adaptation in hotter and dryer environment.

-Kauthar Hani binti Mohd Khairi 1170340 

Rice uses the C3 photosynthetic pathway, which in hot dry environments is much less efficient than the C4 pathway used in plants such as maize and sorghum. If rice could be 'switched' to use C4 photosynthesis, it would theoretically increase productivity by 50%.

As well as an increase in photosynthetic efficiency, the introduction of C4 traits into rice is predicted to improve nitrogen use efficiency, double water use efficiency, and increase tolerance to high temperatures.

The concept is to switch rice from using the C₃ photosynthetic pathway, which is not very efficient, to using the more efficient C₄ photosynthetic pathway.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere into sugar using sunlight. In most plants, including rice, CO₂ is first fixed into a compound with three carbon atoms, hence it is known as “C₃photosynthesis”. The enzyme that fixes CO₂ into sugar can also react with oxygen in an energy-wasting process known as photorespiration. This process occurs especially at higher temperatures, such as in the tropics where most rice is grown, and causes a dramatic reduction in the amount of CO₂ that is converted into sugar.

C₄ plants, on the other hand, have naturally evolved a way to minimise this energy wasting process by using an oxygen insensitive enzyme to first fix CO₂ and thus are more efficient at converting CO₂ into sugar. This increased efficiency is accompanied by increased water and nitrogen use efficiency and improved adaptation to hotter and dryer environments. C₄photosynthesis has naturally evolved more than 60 times in a wide range of flowering plants, including several staple food plants such as maize, sorghum and sugarcane. 

C₃  pathway to  C₄  pathway, it will reduce the rate of energy-wasting process known as photorespiration.

- Musfirah binti Muzamil 1170311

 

To improve the photosynthesis, the concept is to switch rice from using the C₃ photosynthetic pathway, which is not very efficient, to using the more efficient C₄ photosynthetic pathway.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere into sugar using sunlight. In most plants, including rice, CO₂ is first fixed into a compound with three carbon atoms, hence it is known as “C₃photosynthesis”. The enzyme that fixes CO₂ into sugar can also react with oxygen in an energy-wasting process known as photorespiration. This process occurs especially at higher temperatures, such as in the tropics where most rice is grown, and causes a dramatic reduction in the amount of CO₂ that is converted into sugar.

C₄ plants, on the other hand, have naturally evolved a way to minimise this energy wasting process by using an oxygen insensitive enzyme to first fix CO₂ and thus are more efficient at converting CO₂ into sugar. This increased efficiency is accompanied by increased water and nitrogen use efficiency and improved adaptation to hotter and dryer environments. C₄photosynthesis has naturally evolved more than 60 times in a wide range of flowering plants, including several staple food plants such as maize, sorghum and sugarcane.

NURUL LIYANA BINTI MOHD HIJAS 1170333 

In order to improve photosynthesis of rice to reduce hunger and poverty, we need to improve the photosynthesis capability by changing from C3 pathway to C4 pathway. C3 photosynthetic pathway first fixed CO₂ into a compound with three carbon atoms. The enzyme that fixes CO₂ into sugar also react with oxygen in an energy-wasting process, photorespiration. This process occurs especially at higher temperatures causes a dramatic reduction in the amount of CO₂ that is converted into sugar. However, C4 photosynthetic pathway minimise this process by using an oxygen insensitive enzyme to first fix CO₂ and thus are more efficient at converting CO₂ into sugar. C4 plants are potentially more productive at higher temperatures typically experienced by rice. This installation will break its yield barrier and breed a new generation of “climate-ready” rice which will yield more even under the situations of increasing temperature and decreasing water availability. Thus, more crop will be produce thus reduce hunger and poverty among people. 

 

 

How do you improve photosynthesis in rice to reduce hunger and poverty? 

 

To improve photosynthesis in rice in order to reduce hunger and poverty, the concept used is to switch rice from using the C3 photosynthetic pathway, which in hot dry environments and much less efficient, to start using the more efficient C4 photosynthetic pathway such as maize and sorghum. The productivity will increase by 50% if the rice could be switched to use C4 photosynthesis. 

 

(Nurul Ain Sofiah Binti Othman – 1170334) 

 

To improve the photosynthesis, the concept is to switch rice from using the C₃ photosynthetic pathway, which is not very efficient, to using the more efficient C₄ photosynthetic pathway

C₄ plants, on the other hand, have naturally evolved a way to minimise this energy wasting process by using an oxygen insensitive enzyme to first fix CO₂ and thus are more efficient at converting CO₂ into sugar. This increased efficiency is accompanied by increased water and nitrogen use efficiency and improved adaptation to hotter and dryer environments. C₄photosynthesis has naturally evolved more than 60 times in a wide range of flowering plants, including several staple food plants such as maize, sorghum and sugarcane.

Improving the yield of rice, one of the world’s most important crops, is an essential part of ensuring global food security and a key goal for reducing poverty and hunger in the developing world. The international C4 Rice Consorm  is working towards a step change improvement in rice yields by changing how the rice plant photosynthesises, which if successful will boost productivity and reduce water use.

The concept is to switch rice from using the C₃ photosynthetic pathway, which is not very efficient, to using the more efficient C₄ photosynthetic pathway.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere into sugar using sunlight. In most plants, including rice, CO₂ is first fixed into a compound with three carbon atoms, hence it is known as “C₃photosynthesis”. The enzyme that fixes CO₂ into sugar can also react with oxygen in an energy-wasting process known as photorespiration. This process occurs especially at higher temperatures, such as in the tropics where most rice is grown, and causes a dramatic reduction in the amount of CO₂ that is converted into sugar.