TIMELINE by Estefany Guzman

International trade

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Final project on Financial crises‏

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It spread throughout the country when many national and local banks and businesses went bankrupt.

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New York Stock Exchange fell nearly 51%.

J. P. Morgan

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He gave large sums of their own money and convinced other New York bankers to do the same, to support the financial system.

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A week later fell into ruin the Knickerbocker Trust Company, the third largest fund in New York.

United States didn´t have any central bank and the money supply in New York fluctuated according to the country's annual agricultural cycle.

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The following year, Senator Nelson W. Aldrich established and chaired a commission to investigate the crisis and proposed solutions for future situations, leading to the creation of the Federal Reserve System.

The federal reserve system

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The US economy had been particularly unstable since the earthquake of April 1906

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withdrawal of liquidity in the market by various banks in New York.

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A loss of confidence among those who deposited their money.

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The lack of regulation and the absence of a lender.

NELSON W. ALDRICH

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1907 Banker's Panic

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1918-1924 German Hyperinflation

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also called hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic

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It happened between 1921 and 1924 in the Weimar Republic, historical name that identifies Germany during the interwar period.

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It was not the greatest hyperinflation in Europe but was the most outstanding event in the history.

EVENTS:

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increase in prices, increasing interest rates, exchange rate changes and abandonment of the currency as a unit of exchange.

paper money.

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German gold mark.

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After the outbreak of the First World War was replaced by Papiermark, and later by the Reichsmark, after the establishment of the Weimar Republic.

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After the end of the First World War in November 1918 the victorious powers betwen France and Britain imposed on defeated Germany to pay reparations for the destruction caused during the conflict, suffered mainly in Belgium and northern France, attributing full responsibility for this over Germany, setting this condition in the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.

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The first payment of reparations in gold marks August 1921, it marks the beginning of an exponential devaluation of the German mark, which passed in November 1921 to make an exchange rate of 330 marks per US dollar.

Hyperinflation peaked in November 1923, but was suppressed with a new currency, the Reichsmark, which entered circulation on November 15 1923.

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It stated to hyperinflation as one of the reasons for the rise of Nazism in Germany.

Adolf Hitler.

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1929The Great Depression

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The Great Depression was the longest and most severe depression in global economic history,

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It lasted until the late thirties or early forties. It was the longest depression in time, deeper, and affecting more countries in the twentieth century.

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originated in the United States, from the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 is known as Black Tuesday, although five days earlier, on October 24, had already produced the Black Thursday, and quickly spread to almost every country in the world.

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National income, tax revenue, profits and prices fell, and international trade fell between 50 and 66%.

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The countries began to recover gradually in the mid-1930s, but its negative effects on many countries lasted until the beginning of World War II.

New Deal

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is the name given by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt to its interventionist policy implemented to combat the effects of the Great Depression in the United States.

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Rationalization and new industrial and agricultural techniques also contributed to the crisis.

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The beginning of this period was marked by the Wall Street Crash, which remains the single most devastating crash in U.S. stock market history.

The absence in the United States, a strong banking sector nationally and initial bankruptcy of some banks caused the banking crisis spread throughout the country

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1973 oil crisis

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also known as the first oil crisis began on August 23, 1973

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following the decision of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC plus Egypt, Syria and Tunisia) with members of Persian Gulf OPEC (which included Iran) not to export more oil to countries that had supported Israel during the Yom Kippur war.

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The price increase, coupled with the heavy reliance that had the industrialized world oil caused a strong effect of inflation.

OPEP

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Between 1945 and the late 70s, the West and Japan consumed more oil than ever. In the US alone, consumption had doubled between 1945 and 1974.

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Oil, especially from the Middle East, was paid in US dollars, with prices set in dollars also.

Richard Nixon

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November 27: President Richard Nixon signed a law to emergencies related to oil shortages by imposing price controls, production, logistics and sales.

attachment Arab Oil

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OPEC crude oil production stopped and established an attachment on oil shipments to the West, especially to the United States and the Netherlands.

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But the effects of the attachment were immediate. OPEC forced the oil companies to increase prices dramatically. Oil prices quadrupled since 1974 to nearly 12 dollars a barrel

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OPEC was a group of fourteen countries, including seven Arab nations, but also other major oil exporters in the developing world

1987 lack Monday

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Some people suggested it was an accident waiting to happen, and theories such as program trading, disputes about monetary policy and fears over inflation have all been proposed to explain what happened.

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It is called black to Monday October 19, 1987, Monday when stock markets around the world plunged into a very short space of time.

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The fall began in Hong Kong, spread westward through international time zones, he came to Europe and finally to America.

The fall of black Monday was the biggest percentage collapse happened on the same day in the history of stock markets.

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The Dow Jones Industrial Average also known as the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is the most important of all and reflects the performance of the share price of the 30 most important and representative industrial companies in the United States.

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Even today, the possible causes of this sudden crash are controversial, because the previous events does not presage a market debacle of this magnitude.

1997 East Asian Financial Crisis

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It was a period of financial hardship that grips Asia in July 1997 and raised fears of a global economic disaster for financial contagion.

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also known as the crisis of the International Monetary Fund, it began on July 2, 1997 with the devaluation of the Thai currency.

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By domino effect, they succeeded him numerous devaluations in Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, which also affected Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea.

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what appeared to be a regional crisis became over time as the "first great crisis of globalization" was called

Thai baht

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It is the official currency of Thailand.

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The crisis began in Thailand with the financial collapse of the Thai baht, caused by the decision of the Thai government to make the baht fluctuate.

Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand were the countries most affected by the crisis.

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Hong Kong, Malaysia and Laos also suffered depression.

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The PRC, India, Taiwan, Singapore and Vietnam were less affected.

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The IFM

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The IMF created a series of packages "rescue" to bail out the worst affected economies to avoid the suspension of payments of these countries, uniting these packages to the reforms that were intended to stabilize Asian currencies.

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For some economists, the cause of the crisis was that many spent more than they earned and had accumulated large debts in foreign currency. That it scared away foreign investors, who fled en masse and caused currency devaluations and recessions.

1998 Ruble Crisis

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The financial crisis in Russia (also called the "ruble crisis") hit Russia's August 17, 1998.

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countries that depend heavily on commodity exports were among the most severely affected: oil, natural gas, metals and timber.

the primary cause of the Russian financial crisis was not directly falling oil prices, but the result of non-payment of taxes by the energy and manufacturing industries.

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Vladímir Putin

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The positive side of the crisis was that allowed the Russian production apparatus to be competitive and get going. Rising oil prices and economic reforms promised by Vladimir Putin since 1999 also favored this rebound. Between 1999 and 2008, Russia had an annual average economic growth of 6.9%.

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In the international context, the economic consequences of this crisis were called "Vodka Effect".

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This crisis also led to an economic crisis that culminated in 1998, which was marked by a massive devaluation of the ruble and the Russian debt default on the GKO called.

Rublo

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2008-2015 The Great Recession

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On the economic crisis of 2008-2015, also called Great Recession is known to the world economic crisis that began in 2008, and was originated in the United States.

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the main factors behind the crisis is economic deregulation, high prices of raw materials due to high inflation, overvaluation of the product, global food and energy crisis.

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The crisis that began in 2008 has been noted by many international experts as the "crisis of the developed countries", since its impact is mainly observed in the world's richest countries.

The United States, the world's largest economy entered 2008 with a serious credit and mortgage crisis that hit the strong housing bubble that had been suffering, as well as abnormally low dollar value.

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Reuters

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In February 2008, Reuters reported that inflation had risen to record levels around the mid mundo.A 2008, IMF data indicated that inflation was at highs in the oil exporting countries due to increased reserves foreign exchange. And in many developing countries.

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In October 2010, clear signs of a possible war of currencies (dollar, euro, yen and yuan) . The countries would lower the price of their currencies in search of competitive to facilitate the export and help end the crisis advantages.

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In January 2008, oil prices exceeded US $ 100 / barrel for the first time in its history.