·      Advantageous in meeting council’s objectives in Newham

·      ‘a place where people want to live and visit, to put Newham on the map, and to work in partnership to add diversity and value’

·      Manchester late night culture festival – after hours

·      London’s art festival (the institute of contemporary arts)

·      London’s museums at night

·      Lunar festival

·      Wilderness festival

Economic – NTE of core and non-core activities turned over £10b in 2009, more tourism, more employment, inward investment of other businesses / Some NTE firms and employees have decreased
 

Environmental – Increased pollution or destruction from antisocial behaviour, increased public transport brings CO2 concerns / Environmental protection and urban management are key, spreading visitor activity to stop crowding

·      Liberalisation 

·      Social trends 

·      Importance of import of more European continental lifestyle 

·      Relaxed licensing 

Disadvantages 

·      Problems of anti-social behaviour 

·      Mono-use of city centres – drinking and drugs 

- Shutting down clubs / pubs to prevent anti-social behaviour, drink and drugs etc, pollution
 ~

- A culture led-approach to city regeneration, planning and management 

- Growth of inner city populations, urban tourism and greater diversity in activity groups 

- Increase in alcohol and late night licenses particularly in the Westminster City Council

- The development and management of NTE are considered a major issue in outer London but less so in central London where late night licensing has been longer established and there’s less residential conflicts and more public transport. 

continuous counting is when you take continuous observations

Complete observer - The researchers do not identify themselves. Either they mix in with the subjects undetected, or they observe from a distance.

Observer as a participant - Here the researcher is known and recognized by the participants and in many cases, the participants know the research goals of the observer. There is some interaction with the participants but the interaction is limited. 

Participant as observer - Here the researcher is fully engaged with the participants. She is more of a friend or colleague than a neutral third party. While there is full interaction with participants, they still known that this is a researcher.

Complete participant - This is a fully embedded researcher, almost like a spy. Here the observer fully engages with the participants and partakes in their activities. Participants aren’t aware that observation and research is being conducted, even though they fully interact with the researcher.