Studied antimicrobial-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae for 1998–2010 by using data from The Surveillance Network. Susceptibility results (n = 3,132,354) demonstrated significant increases in resistance to all antimicrobial drugs studied, except tetracycline. Cross-resistance among carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae was lower for tetracycline and amikacin.

K. pneumoniae genotype K1 is an emerging pathogen capable of causing catastrophic septic ocular or central nervous system complications from pyogenic liver abscess independent of underlying diseases in the host.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is found in the environment and as a harmless commensal, but is also a frequent nosocomial pathogen (causing urinary, respiratory and blood infections) and the agent of specific human infections including Friedländer's pneumonia, rhinoscleroma and the emerging disease pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). The identification and precise definition of virulent clones, i.e. groups of strains with a single ancestor that are associated with particular infections, is critical to understand the evolution of pathogenicity from commensalism and for a better control of infections.

The role of type 1 and type 3 pili in mediating Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization of inert surfaces was assessed by analysis of 26 clinical, 7 water distribution system and four reference strains. Amongst the 33 wild type strains tested, 57.6% expressed type 1 pili, 54.5% expressed type 3 pili, 42.4% were highly hydrophobic, 69.7% were highly adherent to both glass and polypropylene surfaces, and 48.5% were efficient biofilm-forming strains on polystyrene dishes. 

1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PD) has numerous applications from polymers to cosmetics, foods, lubricants, and medicines. Recently, there are strong industrial interests in a new kind of polyester, polytrimethylene terephthalate, with 1,3-PD as a monomer. This new polyester shows significant promise for use in carpeting and textiles. In this article we introduce a mild aerobic fermentation process using a strain screened from Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 25955, which is insensitive to oxygen, to produce 1,3-PD. We also describe a two-step fermentation process starting with glucose that was converted into glycerol with a glycerol-producing yeast, followed by K. pneumoniae that converts glycerol into 1,3-PD without intermediate isolation and purification of glycerol.

Community-Acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteremia:  Global Differences  in Clinical Patterns
A worldwide collaborative study, including 455 episodes of bacteremia, to elucidate the clinical patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Historically, community-acquired pneumonia has been consistently associated with K. pneumoniae. Only four cases of community-acquired bacteremic K. pneumoniae pneumonia were seen in the 2-year study period in the United States, Argentina, Europe, or Australia; none were in alcoholics. In contrast, 53 cases of bacteremic K. pneumoniae pneumonia were observed in South Africa and Taiwan, where an association with alcoholism persisted (p=0.007). Twenty-five cases of a distinctive
syndrome consisting of K. pneumoniae bacteremia in conjunction with community-acquired liver abscess, meningitis, or endophthalmitis were observed. A distinctive form of K. pneumoniae infection, often causing liver abscess, was identified, almost exclusively in Taiwan.

A strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae was tested for its ability to synthesize elemental selenium nanoparticles from selenium chloride. A broth of Klebsiella pneumoniae culture containing selenium nanoparticles was subjected to sterilization at 121ºC and 17 psi for 20 minutes. Released selenium nanoparticles ranged in size from 100 to 550 nm, with an average size of 245 nm. 

Cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae fermenting sodium alginate produce an extracellular guluronate-specific alginate lyase. Alginates with guluronic content gave reduced biomass but favored enzyme production.Low molecular weight (down to DPn ≈ 270) also favored enzyme production. The enzyme was characterized by its specificity and sensitivity to pH, salt, and calcium. 

1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PD) has numerous applications from polymers to cosmetics, foods, lubricants, and medicines. ATCC 25955, which is insensitive to oxygen, to produce 1,3-PD. We also describe a two-step fermentation process starting with glucose that was converted into glycerol with a glycerol-producing yeast, followed by K. pneumoniae that converts glycerol into 1,3-PD without intermediate isolation and purification of glycerol. Its also used as a monomer in production of polyester, polyethers, and polyurethanes. For example carpeting and textiles.

The endophytic lifestyle of Klebsiella pneumoniae is described, including the production of dinitrogenase reductase by bacteria residing in maize root tissue. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to detect the colonization of maize by K. pneumoniae strains 2028 and 342. These strains were found to reside in intercortical layers of the stem and within the region of maturation in the root. The production of dinitrogenase reductase by GFP-tagged bacteria was visualized using immunolocalization. This activity was only apparent when bacteria were supplied with an exogenous carbon source. The results suggest that maize provides a suitable habitat for K. pneumoniae and that this species is capable of producing nitrogenase under the appropriate plant cultivation conditions.

Multilocus sequence typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial isolates.
A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was developed for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sequences of seven housekeeping genes were obtained for 67 K. pneumoniae strains, including 19 ceftazidime- and ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Forty distinct allelic profiles were identified. MLST data were validated against ribotyping and showed high (96%) discriminatory power. The MLST approach provides unambiguous data useful for the epidemiology of K. pneumoniae isolates.

Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in effluents and sludge of a hospital sewage treatment plant.
To detect ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae present in the effluents and sludge of a hospital sewage treatmet plant and its potential to remove these microorganisms.

Nitrogen fixation in wheat provided by Klebsiella pneumoniae 342.
 the criteria necessary for the demonstration of nitrogen fixation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the world's most important crop, are shown upon inoculation with a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae 342 (Kp342). Kp342 relieved nitrogen (N) deficiency symptoms and increased total N and N concentration in the plant. Nitrogen fixation was confirmed by ¹⁵N isotope dilution in the plant tissue and in a plant product, chlorophyll. All of these observations were in contrast to uninoculated plants, plants inoculated with a nitrogen-fixing mutant of Kp342, and plants inoculated with dead Kp342 cells. Nitrogenase reductase was produced by Kp342 in the intercellular space of the root cortex. Wild-type Kp342 and the nifH mutant colonized the interior of wheat roots in equal numbers on a fresh weight basis. The nitrogen fixation phenotype described here was specific to cv. Trenton. Inoculation of cvs. Russ or Stoa with Kp342 resulted in no relief of nitrogen deficiency symptoms.

Immunolocalization of dinitrogenase reductase produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae in association with Zea mays L.
The endophytic lifestyle of Klebsiella pneumoniae is described, including the production of dinitrogenase reductase by bacteria residing in maize root tissue. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to detect the colonization of maize by K. pneumoniae strains 2028 and 342. These strains were found to reside in intercortical layers of the stem and within the region of maturation in the root. The production of dinitrogenase reductase by GFP-tagged bacteria was visualized using immunolocalization. This activity was only apparent when bacteria were supplied with an exogenous carbon source. The results suggest that maize provides a suitable habitat for K. pneumoniae and that this species is capable of producing nitrogenase under the appropriate plant cultivation conditions.