Nationalism - Key Questions by CCA Hacas https://padlet.com/hacas/nationalismhistorywing Discuss with your group and craft an answer en-us 2018-04-10 01:00:54 UTC 2021-07-10 01:17:07 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/File.png 141221l https://padlet.com/hacas/nationalismhistorywing/wish/250179352 How does the collective memory of one nation's colonial experience influence its contemporary nationalism? Discuss. You can use case studies to illustrate your answer.

Collective memory was mostly along the lines of oppression/control by the metropole. 
For the purpose of discussion, let us define contemporary nationalism to have been developed within the context of the decolonisation movement.

Steps involved:

  1. Centralised government by the metropole (state)
  2. Provision of Western education 
  3. Cultivation of political awareness, along the lines of ethnicity, through representation in the colonial administration 
  4. Disillusionment with colonial oppression/perceived oppression --> agitation for independence.

Indonesia

  • Centralised administration governed by the Netherlands/the Dutch. There was a history of exploitation in terms of mainly agricultural cash crops.
  • The establishment of the Volksraad gave the people a limited platform for political participation.
  • The provision of Western education, though largely reserved for the elite priyayi, also served to cultivate a sense of Indonesian nationalism.
  • Politicisation of various ethnicities, religions, ideologies —> Saraket Islam/PKI/PNI (area for people to unite under) —> bred nationalism 

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  • Nationalism is used as a political tool to rally the masses under the banner of a leader or a party to achieve stipulated aims that would bring perceived or actual benefit to the nation state. If the leaders have already established state power, It can be used to divert dissent away from internal social or economic issues to a perceived external threat. 
    • 2. By associating oneself with the nation, leaders are able to use nationalism to consolidate power and authority in their own countries. 
    3. Nationalism can also be used as a justification to unify a perceived nationhood separated by different states, to invade other countries for lands perceived to be part of their nation or to maintain national unity in times or crisis


    1. Putin, Trump, Kim Jong Un, Miklòs Horthy
    2. Meji Emperor, Hitler, Ottoman Empire - Young Turks, Sukarno, Sun Yat Sen, Mussolini
    3. Guiseppe Garibaldi, Bismarck, Chiang Kai Shek, Josip Broz Tito, Genghis Khan

    Analysis for some specific leaders
    Putin 1 2 3
    Examples: Russian annexation of crimea justified by large proportions of Russian people in crimea. Insurgencies on the ukraine border instigated by Russia are inspired by pro-Russian nationalism. Putin also utilises nationalist overtures in public campaigns to divert dissatisfaction of the population away from internal economic and political problems to percieved external threats.

    Hitler 2 3
    Associates himself and his party with the revival of the german state from economic collapse and national humiliation. Obtain support from people disillusioned by current status quo in weimar germany

    Chiang Kai-Shek 3
    Used nationalism as a justification for war against warlords opposing his authority and to maintain national unity during the 2nd sino japanese war

    Josip Broz Tito 3
    Promoted a common Yugoslav identity among the different ethnic groups in Yugoslavia to maintain national unity and to prevent the different ethnic groups to come into civil conflict with one another

    ]]>     2018-04-10 10:02:06 UTC https://padlet.com/hacas/nationalismhistorywing/wish/250182896     https://padlet.com/hacas/nationalismhistorywing/wish/250241239 For our question, we defined nationalism as an ideology that places the nation at the center of its own concern and seeks to promote its own well-being. Globalisation was then defined as the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange.  1: As nationalism is an ideology whilst globalization was a process, in order to understand the effects of globalization on nationalism, we looked at the events and phenomena caused by globalization and how those phenomena have increased or decreased the likelihood of nationalistic movements arising in the world. 2: Firstly, since global trade truly began around 150 years ago, the pecking order of the geopolitical stage has changed multiple times, and is continuing to change. Some previously undeveloped or developing countries may rise to the forefront in a manner that fuels nationalistic fervor. The People's Republic of China is a great example of this, whereby its rise is fueled by nationalism caused by painful common memories of the past and the desire to never be taken advantage of again. It's continued rise then generates even greater nationalistic emotions amongst its citizens. This is a positive feedback loop that can be seen in some countries around the world today. 3: With the rise of some countries, comes the fall of some countries. Many developed countries, such as the USA, France, Great Britain have resorted to protectionism due to them perceiving globalization failing them in recent times. This is accompanied and/or caused by a rise in nationalistic sentiment amongst the populations of those countries. 4: Japan is a special example here. The rise of China has triggered reactionary movements within the country due to it feeling threatened by its close neighbour, in this case, the fear manifests itself as right-wing nationalism, which then comes in the form of historical revisionism, whereby many Japanese organisations attempt to erase the atrocities that Japan has committed during WW2 from history textbooks due to pride in their nation. 5: However, with the rise of globalization and the greater interdependence of countries, nationalism has been somewhat tempered in the sense that it is no longer likely to result in direct armed conflict. Now, the battlefield is moved to cyberspace and the economic systems. 6: It should also be noted that with the greater interdependence of nations, globalization promotes cooperation over competition so that both sides may gain the most. The formation of international organizations such as the European Union is a sign of compromise between nations in order to prioritize the interests of the group instead of the individual. In this sense, nationalism has been culled by globalization. 7: In conclusion, the implications of globalization on nationalism are varied. To judge if nationalism is declining or on the rise, one still has to observe the world more to find out. ]]> 2018-04-10 13:01:50 UTC https://padlet.com/hacas/nationalismhistorywing/wish/250241239