Clause- a group of words with a subject and a verb. 
Ex. “You hate my music” (Heinrichs 30).

Connotation- an implied cultural or emotional meaning associated with a word. 
Ex. “I finally have a home!” connotes “home” as something warm and comforting rather than saying “I finally have a house!”

Diction- a writer’s choice of words to emphasize a feeling or idea.
Ex. Saying “Of course, I would be delighted to!” instead of ‘Sure, ok.”

Figure of Speech- a rhetorical word or phrase with a meaning different than its literal, usually figurative language.
Ex. “Yes, I’m talking like an egghead. I am an egghead” (Heinrichs 127). 

Genre- a means of literature classification identified by form, content, and style. 
Ex. Poetry, fiction, drama, etc.

Mood- the general feeling or aura that a piece creates within the reader. 
Ex. a mood can be mysterious, romantic, cheerful

Personification- when an non-human object is given a human quality.
 Ex. The weary moon cried as the new day was born.

Sentence structure- the way words, phrases, and clauses are arranged. The four main sentence structures are simple, compound, complex, and compound- complex. 
Ex. “The dog ran.” is a simple sentence.

Simile- a type of figurative language that uses “like” or “as” to compare two things. 
Ex. Billy is as strong as a bull.

Syntax- grammatical format in which words and phrases are arranged to create a sentence. Ex. “The girl sang, happily.” vs “The girl happily sang.”

Metaphor- figure of speech containing an implied comparison. Ex. Liza is a mountain. She is strong and beautiful. 

Metonymy- a “belonging trope”, takes a characteristic and makes it stand for a whole, can use a cause to name an effect. Ex. “I drank a bottle.” (Heinrichs 434).

Narrative- report of related events presented to listeners or readers, can be told from personal experience or as a third-person view. Ex. Heinrichs uses multiple narratives throughout “Thank You For Arguing” as a way to teach rhetoric strategies and definitions. A specific narrative is demonstrated on page 74. 

Onomatopoeia- figure that imitates a sound to name a sound. Ex. “Kaboom!” (Heinrichs 434).

 Oxymoron- figure that uses two opposite side to make an effect. Ex. “Big baby”, “Alone together”, “Passive Aggressive”

Pun- a humorous play on words that suggests two or more meanings. Ex. A horse is very stable. 

Rebuttal- an opposing argument or debate. Ex. A defense attorney responding to allegations made by a district attorney against their client.

Rhetoric- the art of persuasion, could be forensic, demonstrative, or deliberative. Ex. “You: My wife’s in labor! I need to get her to the hospital stat!  Cop: You’re driving alone, sir. You: Oh my God! I forgot my wife!” (Heinrichs 19). 

Rhetorical Question-a question you ask without expecting an answer. Ex. Who cares?

Synecdoche- A “belonging trope,” it swaps a member for the whole group, or part for the whole thing. Ex. “ ‘Bluehairs’; ‘the word on the street’” (Heinrichs 436). 

Tone- the way the author expresses how he feels about his writing. Ex. Tone can be scared, excited, anxious, etc

Voice-  a form of the  verb which shows whether the subject of a sentence performs an action or the subject has an action performed on it. Ex. “The bus was seized by the students.” is passive voice. 

This quote helped me to understand the effects of ethos, pathos, and logos. Each appeal to different senses such as your emotions, or your brain to understand logistics. Therefore, you can specify one or multiple of them in an argument to tailor the argument in your favor. Combined, they form a strong bond to combat and persuade the audience's minds. 

Decorum is a make it or break persuasion technique used in rhetoric. It’s all getting on board with the audience and being agreeable. By getting the audience to let you in, you have terrific shot at molding their minds in your favor. Conform to the audience in order for them to conform to you.

What I take from this quote is that being agreeable and getting on the same page as your audience can go a long way. However, they will believe you much more with some basic proof of knowledge or credibility. Something about a certificate showing you passed/graduated something can be a game changer for a moldable audience. It gives the audience a sense or certainty that you know what you’re talking about thus forming trust. 

An audience will be more persuadable if you keep them on track. Keep them attentive in order to gain trust and willingness. Use cause, craft, and caring through the appeal of ethos. 

If you give an audience some morale, they are likely to be more persuadable. Get your audience to be passionate about what you are talking about. To help, find a commonplace or be agreeable  as a start to getting the audience on the same worked-up page as you.

The quote explains how nostalgia is an effective tool to get the audience’s mind in the right place to persuade. It throws you back to the good ole days and reminds you of the emotions or experiences you went through at a particular time.  This will blur the audience's mind with past hopes of a bright future and get them into a delusional state that’s perfect for persuasion. 

When speaking with an audience, you are walking on eggshells sometimes. Confusing them will completely ruin their interest. Keep them on your train of thought by sounding credible, but still speaking in common understandable terms. 

A commonplace allows you and the audience to bond toward a common belief. It becomes easier to persuade your audience once you are on the inside holding a common stance with them. If they see that you believe some of things you do, they are more likely to conform to other things you believe.