ejournal mp1 by Abigail McCollough https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa 6 articles and summaries en-us 2016-11-09 17:49:55 UTC 2026-01-30 22:56:25 UTC hello@padlet.com Article #2 17mccollougha https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa/wish/136499100 This article discusses the results of a bad on GMOs. While most people would expect this to be helpful and positive research shows how costly it would be as well the amount of carbon it would add to the air. Agricultural economists carried out a series of experiments with corn, soybeans, and cotton. The change of taking out GMO’s caused a 2% increase in price. It is also predicted that the change would affect the economies of poor developing nations the most because of the instability of prices. As far as Greenhouse gases were concerned increasing the amount of GMO’s would lead to significant decrease in the amount of gas emissions.
The US has deemed GMO’s used in the US as safe to eat while many European and Asian countries do not agree and therefore have strict policies. Along with this, it explained how countries like the US who export a lot of agriculture would actually make money while countries importing the goods would suffer from the change. Overall banning GMO’s would have a huge affect financially as well as with amount of carbon in the air. It urged the importance of these matters being taken into consideration in the debate of GMO’s.

]]> 2016-11-09 17:52:40 UTC https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa/wish/136499100 Article #1 17mccollougha https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa/wish/136499193 This article discusses the concern of high cost when it comes to fixing climate-related problems. Researchers from Brown University wrote a paper that explained a plan for the way countries and communities could pay for the damages and losses of these issues. After this, Hoffmeister, Huq and Roberts and a team of researchers worked with experts in Germany in order to complete a final version of the paper. The basic idea behind the plan is to take developed countries, who have produced the most harm from greenhouse gases ,in order to help the developing nations who can’t necessarily afford the solution.
The researchers to into account that normal ways of financing aren’t as easily used when dealing with issues of climate change. This caused them to think of ways to change current realities like putting a levy on air travel and bunker fuels. Another concept discussed was contingency finance which has to do with putting money away to be used for times of disaster. However, it is difficult to predict the amount of money that may be needed in the future and exactly how the money should be distributed.

]]> 2016-11-09 17:52:55 UTC https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa/wish/136499193 Article #3 17mccollougha https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa/wish/136499378 This article discussed how pollution that occurs near the equator has the largest impact on the global ozone. At the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill researchers found this idea that regions closer to the equator are producing emissions that have a larger impact on the formation of ozone to be true. The reason for this is both the intense heat and sunlight that are found at the equator. They used the example of China, India and Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia and India had lower emissions but had more of an effect on the ozone than China who had higher emissions.
Looking closer at why this is true, the article explained how the higher temperatures and sunlight increase the vertical motion of air and speed up chemical reactions that form ozone. The researchers explained also that this data was surprising because they expected location to matter but they did not expect it matter the most overall. 
]]> 2016-11-09 17:53:22 UTC https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa/wish/136499378 Article #4 17mccollougha https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa/wish/136499414 This article discussed the calculation of human and natural influence on cloud formation. Recently a cloud experiment at CERN has been used to, “calculate the production of aerosol particles in all of Earth’s regions and at different heights.” Mainly two things were studied by researches: the role of various chemicals and the influence of ions.  In terms of cloud formation scientists found that half of the nuclei was formed from nucleation. Ammonia and sulfur emissions also affect the formation and because of human activities the emissions have grown significantly.
The scientists found that the 11-year old solar cycle did not have a large impact. Model calculations that were created show that less sulphur components are being released into the air now than they were in the pre-industrial atmosphere. By studying this the CLOUD team found, “that the cooling effects of clouds are 27 percent less than in climate simulations without this effect as a result of additional particles caused by human activity.”
]]> 2016-11-09 17:53:26 UTC https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa/wish/136499414 Article #5 17mccollougha https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa/wish/136499501 This article discussed how sharks actually prevent climate change. Research conducted at Bournemouth University shows that shark finning as well as over fishing could lead to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and therefore increased climate change. A paper was published in Ecological Informatics to draw attention to this issue. Basically, by taking our sharks from the top of food chain/web the higher biomass of prey results in more respiration. More respiration equals greater levels of carbon dioxide.
It also discussed reasons why sharks may be targets. A recent trend in shark finning shows that there is a high demand for shark-fin soup in the Far East. Researchers also believe that the display of sharks as dangerous animals to be afraid of hurts their public appearance. The article ends by Dr. Stafford saying that he hopes the article and research will make people realize some of the not so obvious effects. 



]]> 2016-11-09 17:53:39 UTC https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa/wish/136499501 Article #6 17mccollougha https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa/wish/136499559 This article discusses how coastal cities are at risk with rapid sea level rising and warming over more than two degrees. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America (PNAS) by National Oceanography Centre (NOC) scientists predictions were published with predictions of warming of two degrees by 2040. In these predictions the scientists believe that 90% of coastal areas would see the rise in sea level. WIth little time, scientists worry that these costs would be very vulnerable and unprepared for the rise.
This would greatly affect many tourist areas as well as homes. An example of a beach that could be impacted is Miami. Another scenario that could be even worse would be if there was 5 degrees of warming, then up to 80% of coastlines may have sea levels rise over 1.8 meters by the end of the 21st century. Experts from Denmark, the Netherland, China and the UK all gathered to conduct the experiment.

]]> 2016-11-09 17:53:46 UTC https://padlet.com/17mccollougha/zlcprt7vv5xa/wish/136499559