Lithium (Li) by Michael Ghostine

Model and Atomic Number

mghostine27 — 2023-02-14 02:16:28 UTC

This model shows the electrons in blue. Lithium has three electrons arranged in two shells.
Lithium also has three protons, and therefore has the atomic number three.

Symbol

mghostine27 — 2023-02-14 02:23:15 UTC

The symbol for lithium is "Li."

Group and Period

mghostine27 — 2023-02-14 02:27:31 UTC

Lithium is in Group 1 and in Period 2 on the Periodic Table. It is also in the alkali metal group.

Origin of the Word

mghostine27 — 2023-02-14 02:39:47 UTC

Lithium came from the English "lithia" and the English "-ium" to form the word "lithium" in the early 1800's.

The word lithium comes from the Latin and/or Greek word "lithos," which means stone. The people in this time period thought that lithium could only be found in minerals.

The History of Lithium

mghostine27 — 2023-02-14 20:40:54 UTC

With its name coming from the Greek and/or Latin word for "stone," people used to think that lithium was only existent in minerals. According to this source, in 1817 or 1818, the element was discovered. Johan August Arfwedson, a Swedish mineralogist, found the element in the mineral petalite called LiAl(Si₂ O₅ )₂ .

Lithium Video

mghostine27 — 2023-02-15 16:48:08 UTC

How Is Most Lithium Made?

mghostine27 — 2023-02-15 18:39:41 UTC

Most lithium is produced by nuclear reactions. Researchers think that the element is later sent around the galaxy via nova explosions. This allows people on Earth to use lithium for medicine and technology.

Physical Properties: Part I

mghostine27 — 2023-02-15 18:52:23 UTC

By itself, lithium is a white, soft metal. (The image above shows lithium with a tarnish.)

Boiling and Freezing Points: Part II

mghostine27 — 2023-02-15 20:15:32 UTC

The melting point of lithium is 180.5 °C or 356.9 °F.
The boiling point of lithium is 1,342 °C or 2,448 °F.
At room temperature, lithium is solid.

Group

mghostine27 — 2023-02-15 20:37:37 UTC

Lithium is in Group 1 on the periodic table. It is also in the alkali metal group.

Additional Properties: Part III

mghostine27 — 2023-02-16 01:27:08 UTC

Lithium has an atomic weight of about 6.941 amu. According to www.lenntech.com, lithium has a density of 0.53 g.cm^-3 at 20 decrees Celsius.

Lithium and The Environment

mghostine27 — 2023-02-17 15:58:24 UTC

Video

mghostine27 — 2023-02-17 16:00:09 UTC

2023-02-21 05:26:08 UTC

(For image and information): 2012rc, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Dye, J. L. (2022, October 4). lithium. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/lithium-chemical-element

https://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/li.htm

https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=3&ascii=html&isotype=all

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002667.htm

https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2022/mcs2022-lithium.pdf

(Image): James Heilman, MD, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

https://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/1119.pdf

(Image): Johannes Schneider, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Szklarska D, Rzymski P. Is Lithium a Micronutrient? From Biological Activity and Epidemiological Observation to Food Fortification. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019 May;189(1):18-27. doi: 10.1007/s12011-018-1455-2. Epub 2018 Jul 31. PMID: 30066063; PMCID: PMC6443601. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6443601/)

https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/interactive/2023/how-is-lithium-mined/

Ahazard.sciencewriter, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

The SVG Effect, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Oxford Languages (May be found at "https://www.google.com/search?q=lithium+definition&rlz=1CAEOEW_enUS1023&ei=ZF_1Y4DGDaC7kPIPs4qQmAg&oq=lithium+defi&gs_lcp=Cgxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAQARgAMgoIABCRAhBGEPkBMgUIABCRAjIFCAAQkQIyBQgAEIAEMgUIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMgUIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEOgoIABBHENYEELADOg0IABBHENYEEMkDELADOgQIABBDOgoIABCxAxCDARBDOgcIABCxAxBDOgsIABCABBCxAxCDAToICAAQsQMQgwE6CAgAEIAEEMkDOggIABCABBCxAzoOCAAQgAQQsQMQgwEQyQNKBAhBGABQkAVYyAtg2RpoAXABeACAAa0CiAGrB5IBBzEuMi4xLjGYAQCgAQHIAQjAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&safe=active&ssui=on")

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2023). PubChem Element Summary for AtomicNumber 3, Lithium. Retrieved February 14, 2023 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Lithium.

(For information and image/link): Media Contact: Elizabeth Landau, Media Contact: Karin Valentine. (2020, May 29). Lithium Comes from Exploding Stars. NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/lithium-comes-from-exploding-stars.

This image shows lithium with a black nittrate tarnish. | Attribution: Dnn87, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

https://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/li.htm

Videos are from YouTube:

(Video): "The 'white gold rush': Inside a lithium mine, where stores of recyclable energy lie | Nightline" - ABC News

(Video): "Lithium 101 | National Geographic" - National Geographic

(Video): "Reaction of Lithium and Water" - North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics

Lewis Dot Diagram

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 05:39:56 UTC

Shells Model

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 05:40:38 UTC

Isotopes

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 05:52:51 UTC

Lithium has eleven isotopes.

Valence Electron

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 06:08:19 UTC

Lithium has one valence electron.

Lithium's Toxicity

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 06:16:27 UTC

Lithium is a prescription medicine, but can be dangerous if overdosed. A low amount of toxicity can be the result of taking too much of a lithium dosage once. Chronic toxicity happens when someone takes too much for a longer period of time.

Radioactivity

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 06:18:11 UTC

In natural cases, lithium is not radioactive.

Medical Use of Lithium

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 06:19:17 UTC

Lithium is used as a treatment for bipolar disorder.

Price of Lithium Carbonate

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 06:25:17 UTC

Lithium carbonate that also battery grade can cost $17,000 per metric ton squared.

Industrial Uses

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 06:32:41 UTC

Although lithium is mostly used in batteries (71% of lithium), it is also used in ceramics and glass (14%), lubricating greases (4%), and more.

Flame

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 06:35:53 UTC

When lithium is exposed to flame, a crimson color can be produced. Though when this substance burns stronger, it gives of a white color.

Reactivity

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 06:48:16 UTC

Lithium reacts with water. When water and lithium react, heat, hydrogen gas, and toxic lithium hydroxide are produced. According to New Jersey Health, lithium also reacts "violently" with oxidizing agents such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine. When exposed to air, lithium can be yellow.

Occurrence and Percentage of Crust

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 06:55:00 UTC

Lithium is naturally occurring and makes up 0.0017 percent of the Earth's crust.

Collection

mghostine27 — 2023-02-21 07:03:42 UTC

Lithium can be collected from brine in places such as Silver Peak, Nevada. When collected from brine, the fluids are pumped into ponds for evaporation and become brighter blue during the evaporation process. Next, it is filtered and dried before receiving more processing. Though, most of the lithium supply comes from Australia, China, and Chile.

Chemical Reaction Video

mghostine27 — 2023-02-22 00:34:04 UTC