https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l Summer Reading Assessment en-us 2018-08-29 14:13:50 UTC 2018-09-04 14:33:58 UTC hello@padlet.com mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231416 I remember reading this quote when I first began this assignment, and it was this "aha!" moment for me. I thought back to all the "arguments" I'd had with my sister over the years - were we trying to persuade each other, or were we trying to win? I concluded that 95% of the time, we were trying to win, even if we had originally been trying to persuade each other. Reading this quote, I am consistently reminded of the different between a warrior and a diplomat. ]]> 2018-08-29 14:17:43 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231416 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231454 There is just something I really love about this tactic - could it be how, to use some modern slang, shady it is? Heinrichs references "rhetorical jujitsu" a lot, and I really think that phrase fits this trick a lot. I actually use this trick in my everyday life; my dad is usually really picky about where we eat, so if there's somewhere I want to eat that I believe he'd turn down initially, I always suggest Shortfield's in Simpsonville. He hates that restaurant! When he says no, I suggest the restaurant I actually want to go to. It works almost every time.]]> 2018-08-29 14:17:48 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231454 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231492 It seems silly, but I actually can't see this working in real life. The thing I've noticed about fights is that once they start, one of the fighters wants it to remain a fight. The moment you begin to try to be agreeable and change the fight into an argument, the fighter becomes more angry (my sister is like this). All this succeeds in doing is escalating the fight until it is impossible to transition it into an argument. I would really like to see this tactic being used in real life - then I might be persuaded to believe in it.]]> 2018-08-29 14:17:54 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231492 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231568 This quote was another "aha!" moment for me. I participated in Original Oratory last year for speech and debate, which requires us to write a speech that aims to persuade. I often find myself wishing I had read this book, because this quote points out the fundamental flaw in my speech: I didn't make it about the audience. This isn't to say I didn't try, because I did, but my topic and the vehicle I used to present it didn't relate to the audience at all. Only a small niche of judges would have understood the points I was trying to make, and when I made it to Nationals, this was my downfall. I hope that my new Oratory this year will be more faithful to this quote.]]> 2018-08-29 14:18:03 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231568 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231612 This is another quote that I failed to incorporate into my Oratory last year. I find it interesting that Heinrichs points this part out because there is such a fine line between using a tactical flaw and using self-deprecating humor. In my speech, I pointed out that there was no real solution to my problem (big red flag #1, if you care to analyze my dreadful attempt to argue), but that I tried to solve it by telling myself I wasn't right sometimes. Then, I proceeded to point out my glaring flaw of being a know-it-all who likes to be right all the time. It is very easy to see why my attempt to persuade flopped on a national level. As with staying true to the audience, I wish I had read this portion of the book before writing my Oratory.]]> 2018-08-29 14:18:08 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231612 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231635 I'm actually not sure if this is totally true all the time. Abolitionists wanted all slavery gone. Pro-choice activists want abortion to be an option all the time. If you give a student a choice between no homework and some homework, they will almost always, without fail, choose no homework. Even I would, and I'm a very studious person who understands the benefit of homework! I think, instead, the trick is that humans will pick a moderate option if the extreme option will be bad for them. Donald Trump's campaign platform was to get rid of all illegal immigrants - his supporters got behind that because they believed it could benefit them. But, if you give a student a choice between homework every day and homework every other day, you can guess which option they will choose. I think this quote overall was too much of a generalization and didn't get specific enough.]]> 2018-08-29 14:18:12 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231635 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231671 I thought this was a particularly strange tactic at first. Why would you want to advocate for something that wouldn't benefit you? But, I realized as I kept reading that the point was to appear more humble. If a politician admits that their campaign platform really does benefit them, they seem less "pro-American people" and more "pro-my own interests." By all accounts, this is a bad reputation to have in the political scene of America. I'm very interested in trying this tactic in my new Original Oratory piece - which advocates for literacy tests in elementary schools.]]> 2018-08-29 14:18:15 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231671 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231698 When we last had Speech and Debate camp, the coach who came to work with us gave us a very pointed tip. "Don't cry," he told us. "Whatever you do, don't let the tears spill. But let them well in your eyes. Hold back that emotion. You'll have the audience in the palm of your hand." That has stuck with me. I've always wanted to try it, and I found it interesting that Heinrichs points out this tactic, too - but it makes sense. DI in Speech and Debate is all about tugging at the heartstrings of your audience and your judge. In essence, you are drowning your audience in irresistible pathos to make them rank you first in your round. So, I guess it does make a lot of sense that controlling your emotions would win you an argument - and a first place trophy.]]> 2018-08-29 14:18:19 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231698 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231738 What is the difference between nostalgia and hindsight? I can look back on my middle school years and think, "It wasn't so bad. Mrs. Suber wasn't my favorite teacher, but I learned some things and didn't have all bad experiences." Is thinking that way a product of nostalgia or a product of objective hindsight? I feel that this is a distinction Heinrichs failed to make properly, one that would have made it perfectly clear how to use nostalgia to win an audience over. How is it, then, that people allow themselves to be taken over by nostalgia? What good is yearning for days gone by when the days gone by are not the future? If we actually go back to days gone by, we wouldn't actually be as happy as we think. Are some people more susceptible to nostalgia than others, or are the people who are susceptible blind to their vulnerability? I have a lot of questions that didn't get answered.]]> 2018-08-29 14:18:23 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231738 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231759 I thought this was an interesting point for Heinrichs to make. I like to consider myself "woke," as Internet activists would say, but I've grown increasingly frustrated with the methods these "woke" activists use to try to implement change or get people on their side (they could use a healthy dose of knowledge from this book). What I believe they suffer from the most is this lack of perceived moderation. When a well-meaning feminist excludes men from a conversation completely, they are alienating potential supporters and destroying any hope of being viewed as moderate. When a Black Lives Matter activists declares that all white people are racist (which may be true, but it is more accurate to say many are biased rather than racist), they are declaring that they are not taking a moderate stance and instead are, again, alienating potential supporters. I just think this quote is something for future activists to keep in mind - because, after all, persuasion is about staying true to your audience.]]> 2018-08-29 14:18:27 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276231759 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276233792 Definition: same sound at beginning of several words near each other
Example: She sells sea shells by the seashore.]]> 2018-08-29 14:22:39 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276233792 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276233818 Definition: refers to a well-known story, event, person, or object in order to make a comparison
Example: "He's a regular Adonis!" (about beauty and the mythical figure of beauty)]]> 2018-08-29 14:22:43 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276233818 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276233888 Definition: part of a sentence
Example: Clauses in parentheses. (Though she was alone,)(she felt that someone was watching her.)]]> 2018-08-29 14:22:53 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276233888 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234451 Definition: the feeling that a particular word inspires in you.
Example: "home" has a good connotation, "house" has a more neutral one.]]> 2018-08-29 14:23:01 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234451 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234522 Definition: choice of words
Example: "hurried silently" together inspire particular connotations]]> 2018-08-29 14:23:10 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234522 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234563 Definition: a word or phrase used in a non-literal sense for rhetorical effect
Example: metaphor, simile, hyperbole]]> 2018-08-29 14:23:15 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234563 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234625 Definition: a category of artistic composition
Example: fiction, nonfiction, historical fiction, horror, mystery]]> 2018-08-29 14:23:22 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234625 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234655 Definition: how you are made to feel as a reader
Example: happy, scared, sad]]> 2018-08-29 14:23:25 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234655 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234735 Definition: saying that an object, animal, place, or otherwise non-human element displays human-like qualities
Example: The fire ran across the dry field.]]> 2018-08-29 14:23:35 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234735 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234817 Definition: The way the words in a sentence are ordered.
Example: see syntax for examples.]]> 2018-08-29 14:23:42 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234817 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234881 Definition: a comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as"
Example: She was as quiet as a mouse.]]> 2018-08-29 14:23:48 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234881 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234900 Definition: dealing with sentence structure
Example: repetition, asyndeton, polysyndeton]]> 2018-08-29 14:23:51 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276234900 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235346 Definition: being open to interpretation
Example: I rode a black horse in red pajamas.]]> 2018-08-29 14:24:43 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235346 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235378 Definition: a comparison between two things for clarification purposes
Example: Just as a sword is the weapon of a warrior, a pen is the weapon of a writer.]]> 2018-08-29 14:24:47 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235378 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235478 Definition: the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of the following phrases
Example: The wrong person was selected for the wrong job, at the wrong time, for the wrong purpose.]]> 2018-08-29 14:24:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235478 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235515 Definition: a short story or tale usually used to help support or introduce an argument
Example: my Oratory's anecdote was about my first job.]]> 2018-08-29 14:25:03 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235515 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235594 Definition: opposition or contrast of ideas or words in a parallel construction
Example: Man proposes, God disposes.]]> 2018-08-29 14:25:11 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235594 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235625 Definition: applying  a general principle to a particular matter
Example: the scientific method]]> 2018-08-29 14:25:16 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235625 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235715 Definition: the dictionary definition
Example: house and home have the same dictionary definition]]> 2018-08-29 14:25:24 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235715 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235738 Definition: mistaken beliefs, usually within logic
Example: Elephants are animals, you are an animal, that makes you an elephant.]]> 2018-08-29 14:25:27 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235738 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235798 Definition: an exaggeration
Example: The house was as big as a planet.]]> 2018-08-29 14:25:34 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235798 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235851 Definition: public opinion
Example: the polls taken of presidential approval shows people's image of the president.]]> 2018-08-29 14:25:38 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235851 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235943 Definition: argument by example; starts specific and moves to general
Example: The coin I pulled from the bag is a penny. That coin is a penny. A third coin from the bag is a penny. Therefore, all the coins in the bag are pennies.]]> 2018-08-29 14:25:49 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235943 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235966 Definition: saying or doing something that is apparently contrary to what is already known or though to happen
Example: Trump's Make America Great Again slogan came from a Ronald Reagan campaign promoting legal immigration.]]> 2018-08-29 14:25:52 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276235966 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236055 Definition: a comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as"
Example: Shame is a seventh place trophy at Nationals.]]> 2018-08-29 14:26:01 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236055 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236097 Definition: takes a characteristic and makes it stand for a whole
Example: red hair = Red, "I drank a bottle."]]> 2018-08-29 14:26:07 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236097 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236190 Definition: a story or recounting of events
Example: Heinrichs' stories about his family are narratives.]]> 2018-08-29 14:26:17 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236190 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236226 Definition: imitates a sound to name a sound
Example: "Kaboom!"]]> 2018-08-29 14:26:22 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236226 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236268 Definition: two contradictory terms appearing in conjunction
Example: cruel kindness]]> 2018-08-29 14:26:29 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236268 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236291 Definition: a play on words
Example: From my Oratory: "Then, shine a light on why you believe what you do."]]> 2018-08-29 14:26:32 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236291 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236350 Definition: a refutation of the opposition's claim
Example: Claim: School should start earlier. Rebuttal: Teenagers are proven to need more sleep, thus starting school earlier would be detrimental.]]> 2018-08-29 14:26:38 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236350 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236369 Definition: The art of persuasion.
Example: My Original Oratory last year was a poor attempt at rhetoric, but rhetoric nonetheless.]]> 2018-08-29 14:26:41 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236369 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236446 Definition: a question that is posed for effect and does not necessarily mean to be answered
Example: There's no point, is there?]]> 2018-08-29 14:26:49 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236446 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236514 Definition: swaps a member for the whole group, or a part for the whole thing, or a species for a genus
Example: "bluehairs", "The word on the street"]]> 2018-08-29 14:26:57 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236514 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236630 Definition: the author's attitude towards a subject
Example: joyful, grim, solemn, neutral]]> 2018-08-29 14:27:09 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236630 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236652 Definition: the individual writing style of an author or speaker
Example: Heinrichs has a very casual voice in his writing.]]> 2018-08-29 14:27:12 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276236652 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237055 Definition: a word or pronoun in a line or sentence refers to an earlier word
Example: While giving treats to children or friends offer -them- whatever they like.]]> 2018-08-29 14:28:01 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237055 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237102 Definition: exclamatory figure of speech that addresses a third party (usually non-present)
Example: O holy night, the stars are brightly shining!]]> 2018-08-29 14:28:04 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237102 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237153 Definition: same/similar vowels repeated in stressed syllables of words nearby
Example: Try to light the fire.]]> 2018-08-29 14:28:11 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237153 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237180 Definition: a kind of metaphor that compares two things in a clever and surprising way
Example: A Valediction: Forbidden Mourning by John Donne]]> 2018-08-29 14:28:14 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237180 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237246 Definition: repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase
Example: She sells seashells by the seashore. (similar to alliteration, but can occur anywhere in a word)]]> 2018-08-29 14:28:22 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237246 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237285 Definition: an indirect word or expression substituting for a word or phrase considered to be too harsh or blunt
Example: "kicked the bucket"]]> 2018-08-29 14:28:25 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237285 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237323 Definition: giving background information about setting or characters
Example: the very first chapter of Harry Potter is filled with exposition]]> 2018-08-29 14:28:31 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237323 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237347 Definition:
Example:]]> 2018-08-29 14:28:35 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237347 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237415 Definition: repetition of identical/similar syntactic elements (word/phrase/clause)
Example: Man proposes, God disposes.]]> 2018-08-29 14:28:44 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237415 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237438 Definition:
Example:]]> 2018-08-29 14:28:47 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237438 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237490 Definition:
Example:]]> 2018-08-29 14:28:54 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237490 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237509 Definition:
Example:]]> 2018-08-29 14:28:56 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237509 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237605 Definition:
Example:]]> 2018-08-29 14:29:09 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237605 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237661 Definition:
Example:]]> 2018-08-29 14:29:13 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237661 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237708 Definition:
Example:]]> 2018-08-29 14:29:19 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237708 mlee1260 https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237769 Definition: An element that contributes to an author's style.
Example: Heinrich's narratives are stylistic devices.]]> 2018-08-29 14:29:24 UTC https://padlet.com/mlee1260/zk1gt2kfwp6l/wish/276237769