The sender is the person that is going to be transmitting a particular message. Usually if we are going to communicate something, we have to decide what it is that we are going to communicate. But not only what, we also have to determine how we are going to communicate that. This means through which we are going to actually communicate the message. This includes everything from face-to-face or verbal communication, this includes email or text, and a variety of other mediums. Written communication obviously would fall into this category. So the sender what they do is they are in charge of what is called encoding a particular message. Encoding is not only determining what it is that we are going to say but how what is that we are going to communicate it. This includes nonverbal communication. Things like body language and the tone of our voice, the pace of our voice, whether or not we make eye contact, all factors in to how we send a particular message. Now the goal here for the sender, or at least it should be is to communicate something as accurately as possible. What that means is we have to take into account the knowledge and the education and the background of the receiver of that message. Because if we communicate in a way that cannot be understood, then we really just wasting our time. It is not very effective. The intent here is to be understood.

 

Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets the message that he intends to convey. The message can be written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal such as body gestures, silence, sighs, sounds or any other signal that triggers the response of a receiver.

 

The sender chooses the medium through which he wants to convey his message to the recipient. It must be selected carefully in order to make the message effective and correctly interpreted by the recipient. The choice of medium depends on the interpersonal relationships between the sender and the receiver and also on the urgency of the message being sent. Oral, virtual, written, sound, gesture are some of the commonly used communication mediums.

 

The receiver what they are in charge of his decoding that message. Decoding means is they are trying to understand it, they are interpreting that particular message and so they are listening to what is being said and they are trying to assess what that is and gauge it for understanding. Now a problem that we have probably picked up on is that a lot of times, people can hear the same message and take two completely different things. That is because there is a lot of noise that gets involved in the communication process. Not only do we have to be aware of the understanding of the receiver, but we also have to take into account physical noise like surroundings. Are there people involved? If we are communicating and noisy restaurant, there is a physical limitation there were the actual noise in the restaurant is going to inhibit the receiver understanding our message. So that would obviously be a physical sense, but we also have to take into account the person’s mental state. Are they preoccupied? We can probably think of the time when we were involved in a conversation and we are communicating with somebody but not really. We are kind of going through the motions we have our mind somewhere else for thinking about something we are preoccupied. Although we are physically present, mentally we are absent and that obviously is an obstacle or barrier to effective to communication. In addition, we also have issues with education. We know if we are communicating with someone who is of higher education or less, we do have to take that into account because if we are sending the message, we do want to make sure that the person can understand it. If we are going to communicate to a group of elementary school students, it is probably going to look different than if we communicate to a group of college students because we have to take into account the knowledge and education level of the audience. So from a receiver standpoint, if we are interpreting a message and that could also be a deterrent to effective communication. We have probably been involved in a high school setting or in a college classroom and a professor or instructor is lecturing on a particular set of material and we are sitting there and not understanding a word that they are saying. Maybe that is because the person communicating is not doing so with the actual audience in mind, something to take into consideration.

 

Feedback did not exist in the scenario. We can see the evidence from the controllers of New York Kennedy Airport did not take any action after they heard the message regarding Boeing 707 was " running low on fuel" by Colombian Avianca pilots.

 

We can see the evidence from the pilots failed to use a key phrase – “fuel emergency”- which would have obligated controllers to direct the Avianca flight ahead of all others and clear it to land as soon as possible when the pilots knew there was a serious problem in which Boeing 707 was “running low on fuel”.

-sender is source of communication

-sender also the one who starts the communication

b) Message

-can be describe as information that conveyed by words

-a message is a content of the communication process

c) Chanel

-chanel is method of how the message has to be send to the receiver

-the basic chanel are hardcopy, oral or spoken

d) Receiver

-receiver is the listener, reader and observer

-receiver is the individual whom the message is directed

-also called as audience 

 

 

On this case study, when the pilot was telling the controller that they were running low on fuel but the controller did not giving any response since the key phrase for that is “ fuel emergency”.

Message: This refers to the information that the sender is relaying to the receiver. 
Case study: The Colombian Avianca pilots send a message to the controllers that their Boeing 707 was running low on fuel.

Channel : This is the transmission or method of delivering the message. 
Case study: Colombian Avianca pilots have send message by verbal communication using words.

Receiver: The receiver is the person who is getting or receiving the message. 
Case study: The receiver are Controllers of New York Kennedy Airport.

b) Message
-The information that the sender wants to transmit.
-This may be an opinion, attitude, feelings, views, orders, or suggestions.
-Case Study: Colombian Avianca pilots told controllers as they neared New York Kennedy Airport that their Boeing 707 was “running low on fuel”. 

c) Channel
- The means by which a sender transmits a message
-The person who is interested in communicating has to choose the channel for sending the required information. 
-This information is transmitted to the receiver through certain channels which may be either formal or informal.
-Case Study: Channel for Colombian Avianca pilots is through words. 

d) Receiver
-Receiver is the person who receives the message or for whom the message is meant for. 
-It is the receiver who tries to understand the message in the best possible manner in achieving the desired objectives.
-Case Study: The receiver are Controllers of New York Kennedy Airport . 

Feedback is the process of ensuring that the receiver has received the message and understood in the same sense as sender meant it. In the case study, Colombian Avianca pilots told controllers as they neared New York Kennedy Airport that their Boeing 707 was “running low on fuel”. They failed to use a key phrase – “fuel emergency”- which would have obligated controllers to direct the Avianca flight ahead of all others and clear it to land as soon as possible.

The controllers as the receivers did not take any action because they did not understand in the same sense as sender meant it.

-the study of the meanings of words, confirms that words may possess different meanings for different people.

In the case study, Colombian Avianca pilots told controllers as they neared New York Kennedy Airport that their Boeing 707 was “running low on fuel”. Controllers hear those words all the time, so they took no special action. They failed to use a key phrase – “fuel emergency”- which would have obligated controllers to direct the Avianca flight ahead of all others and clear it to land as soon as possible. The controllers misinterpret the meaning from the pilot which told that their Boeing 707 was “running low on fuel” instead of  'fuel emergency" so they did not take any action on it. 

B)   MESSAGE 
 transformation of thoughts into words that sender sends to receiver. It can be in the form  
of voice, audio, text, video or other media.
Case study: Colombian Avianca pilots told controllers as they neared New York Kennedy     
 Airport  that their Boeing 707 was  “running low on fuel”

C)   CHANNEL 
Channel refers to the medium used to send the message
Case Study: The medium of communication used by Colombian Avianca pilots is spoken  
words to   deliver the message to the controllers 

D)   RECEIVER
Receiver is the person who gets the message and tries to understand what the sender actually 
wants to convey and then responds accordingly 
Case Study : The controllers are the receiver 

From the case, the pilots failed to use a key phrase “fuel emergency” which would have obligated  controllers to direct the Avianca flight ahead of all others and clear it to land as soon as possible. The message couldn’t be sent correctly and the controllers didn’t get what the pilot really means. This caused the jet ran out of fuel and crashed 16 miles from Kennedy. Seventy-three people died

b) Message

-  The information the sender wants to transmit.

-  The message can be written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal such as body gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc. or any other signal that triggers the response of a receiver.

 

c) Channel
-  The sender chooses the medium through which he wants to convey his message to the receiver.

-  The mediums that can be used to communicate are oral, virtual, written, sound, gesture, etc.

 

d) Receiver
-  The person for whom the message is intended or targeted.

In the scenario, Colombian Avianca pilots had told the controllers as they neared New York Kennedy Airport that their Boeing 707 was “running low on fuel”. Although the controllers hear those words all the time, they took no special action on that problem.

Colombian Avianca pilots told the controllers their Boeing 707 was “running low on fuel”, but they took no special action. This is because they failed to use a key phrase – “fuel emergency”- which would have obligated controllers to direct the Avianca flight ahead of all others and clear it to land as soon as possible.

- A sender is a person who sends a message to the recipient to start communicating

- Communication will never take place if there is no sender sending messeage to the recipient

 

b) message

- Message is communication through oral or written which is sent from one person to another

- regular messages are sent from sender to recipient through an intermediary medium

 

c) channel

- channel is a media used to send messages from sender to receiver

- channel can be many things, one example. When face to face the channel can be the air which transmits the tone / sound vibrations

 

 

d) receiver

- The receiver is also an important element in communication, because if there is no recipient the message will not be received

- The recipient can consist of one or more people, depending on the message you want to convey

Feedback is a response given by a message recipient to the sender of the message, while there is no visible response and any action from the controllers of the New York Kennedy airport to the Boeing 707 pilot.

I think there is sematic noise disturbance there, because the pilot wrongly gave the message "running low on fuel", and in the end the controller didn't respond to the message, because the controller used to hear those words and it wasn't a serious problem. The pilot should have given the message "fuel emergency" which the supervisor will prioritize landing on the Boeing 707.

wants to transmit his message to the receiver. 

It must be carefully chosen in order to make 

the message successful and accurately interpreted by the receiver. 

The choice of medium depends on the interpersonal relationship between the sender and 

the recipient, as well as on the importance of the message being sent. 

Oral, interactive, written, sound, gesture, etc. are some 

of the most widely used methods of communication.
4.Receiver
The recipient is the person to 

whom the message is intended or targeted. 

He seeks to understand it in the best way possible, 

in such a way that the purpose of contact is accomplished.

b)      Message
Based on the case, Colombian Avianca pilots told controllers that the Boeing 707 was “running low on fuel”. Since the sender in this case is the pilots and the definition of message is the information the sender wants to transmit, the message in this communication process is “Boeing 707 was running low on fuel.”
 
 

c)       Channel
Channel or medium is by which a message transmits from sender to receiver. There are several channels in communication process, but in this case the channel that was used is verbal communication, spoken words to be exact. There is no explicit explanation about the medium in the case given but since the case stated that it was a communication between pilots and controllers, we can assume that they were using spoken words. This also strengthened by the phrase “Controllers hear those words all the time” which means the pilots and controllers use verbal communication.
 
 

d)      Receiver
In sentence one, Colombian Avianca pilots told controllers about their fuel. In the next sentence the controllers hear the message told by the pilots. From these phrases we can see that the sender, Columbian Avianca pilots, was sending a message to controllers of New York Kennedy Airport. Receiver is a person or group for whom a communication is intended, so in this case the receiver of the communication process is the controllers.

Sender is the person or group who initiates the communication process. In the case study, we can see that the sender are the Colombian Avianca pilots as they started the communication with the airport controllers. 

Message is the information that the sender wants to transmit to their receiver. Based on the “An Unfortunate Tragedy”, the message that the Colombian Avianca pilots transmitted was that their Boeing 707 was “running low on fuel”. 

Channel is the means that the sender uses to transmit their message. The channel used by the pilots were verbal communication through the Pilot-Controller communication system. This was one of the main ways to communicate due to the different locations. 

Receiver is the person or group for whom a message is intended. New York Kennedy Airport Controllers are the receivers in this case study as they received the message sent by the pilots.

Instead of noise, the barrier to interpersonal communication in this scenario is diction. Diction is the choice and use of words or phrases in speech and writing. Even though the words or phrases may have similar dictionary meaning, they can have different implied meanings. Therefore, it can significantly affect communication. From the scenario, the pilots message to the controllers was “running low on fuel”. That phrase was a common phrase for the airport controllers as they assumed that the plane can still be at the holding position before being able to land. However, the situation was worse than they thought. The pilots should have chose the phrase “fuel emergency” instead so that the controllers understand the urgency of the airplane. Due to the wrong choice of words, it caused the major tragedy.

Senders
1. Senders have to be certain of the intention of their message so that the receivers understand the message.
2. They also have to know the receivers well and construct the message based on their receiver. In this case, the pilots main intention was for them to get an emergency landing due to their fuel level. They have to know that the controllers understand the emergence of the issue only when “fuel emergency” is mentioned.
3. After sending the message, the sender also has to get some feedback from the receiver to make sure they understand fully the message sent. This can be done by rephrasing the message or asking the receivers some questions. For example, the pilots could have prompt some questions to the controllers such as, “Are we able to do emergency landing now?”.

Receivers
1. Receivers also have to listen actively. This means that they have to hear, take notes and ask questions to fully clarify the situation.
2. Assuming that the messages received are important is also very crucial and from there, they will listen carefully with no distractions.
3. Receivers also bears the main responsibility in providing feedback. If they do not give feedback, the sender would know whether the receivers received their message or understood what they have just sent. 

2. Message- Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets the message
that he intends to convey. 
Case study: The pilots told controllers as they neared New York Kennedy Airport that their Boeing 707 was “running low on fuel”.

 

3. Channel- The Sender chooses the medium through which he wants to convey his message to the recipient. It must be selected carefully in order to make the message effective and correctly interpreted by the recipient. 

Case study: The pilots deliver the message through verbal communication by words.

 

4. Receiver- The receiver is the person for whom the message is intended or targeted. He tries to comprehend it in the best possible manner such that the communication objective is attained. 

Case study: The controllers was the receiver.

The Colombian Avianca pilots failed to use a key phrase – “fuel emergency” but they told controllers as they neared New York Kennedy Airport that their Boeing 707 was “running low on fuel”. This cause the controllers took no special action.

-This type of noise can cause confusion. 

- From the case study, we can see that messages that deliver by the pilot is not successfully transmitted to the flight controller because of the word use.

From the case study, the pilot should improve their communication by using a correct word so that the messages can be deliver well so that the controller can analyse whether the communication is serious and emergency order or common update only.

 

have a different idea of the context of the messages they produce. 

This case shows that the Colombian Avianca pilots have sent the controllers a warning that they are running out of fuel, but then the controllers do not take any 

action on the messages because they only assumed they were facing the usual situation all the time, while the pilot also does not give them the correct keywords, "fuel emergency"Instead, to make the 

controllers understand the airplane's urgency. It caused the greatest disaster because of the wrong choice of words.

The sender  is the person who initiates the conversation and has conceptualized the idea that he intends to convey it to others.

- The sender is the Colombian Avianca Pilots

b) Message

Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets the message that he intends to convey. The message can be written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal such as body gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc. or any other signal that triggers the response of a receiver.

- The sender tried to tell the controllers that they are low on fuels when they should tell them that they are on emergency

c) Channel

The Sender chooses the medium through which he wants to convey his message to the recipient. It must be selected carefully in order to make the message effective and correctly interpreted by the recipient. The choice of medium depends on the interpersonal relationships between the sender and the receiver and also on the urgency of the message being sent. Oral, virtual, written, sound, gesture, etc. are some of the commonly used communication mediums.

- The channel use are oral

d) Receiver

The receiver is the person for whom the message is intended or targeted. He tries to comprehend it in the best possible manner such that the communication objective is attained. The degree to which the receiver decodes the message depends on his knowledge of the subject matter, experience, trust and relationship with the sender.

- The receiver are the controllers of New York Kennedy Airport.

-the sender is the individual who initiates a message

-sender also called the communicator

-iInthe case, Colombian Avianca pilots are the sender
b) Message

-It is the idea, information, view, fact, feeling, etc. that is generated by the sender and is then intended to be communicated further.

-In the case, Colombian Avianca pilot told controllers as they neared New York Kennedy Airport that their Boeing 707 was “running low on fuel”.
c) Channel

-The means by which a sender transmits a message

-In the case, Colombian Avianca pilots speak the word to the controllers.
d) Receiver

-the person who is last in the chain and for whom the message was sent by the sender. 

-In the case, the last receiver is controllers

Feedbacks are the process that ensures the receiver has received the message and interpreted it correctly as it was intended by the sender.

The semantic noise happen whenpilots told the controllers. They heared boeing 707 was running low on fuel , but they no take action.

the capacity of the recipient to interpret the message. 
- A source and the one who starts the communication.

b) Message
- Message is the knowledge that the sender wishes to relay and connect 

and to conceptualize the idea that it aims to express to others.

c) Channel
- A passageway, a means of entry to 

a thing, a conversation, or an idea. 

- The sender selects the means by which he 

wishes to convey his message to the receiver. 

 
d) Receiver
- A individual who receives 

a message from the sender. 

- The recipient has to grasp the confirmation message from the 

sender and really wishes to convey it, and then react appropriately.

feedback in the condition.

Feedback is the final phase of the cycle that determines that the recipient understands and interprets the information accurately.
The controllers did not take any management and knowledge in the "running low on fuel" post. This is because the regulators don't think it's a big issue that the fuel is flowing low.
The pilot should be using the crucial word "fuel emergency" in the transmission because then the managers acknowledge that perhaps the pilots are facing a significant problem.

 

From there, the Controller must provide feedback to the Pilot after hearing that something is wrong. Because by providing feedback, they can communicate about what is actually happening. However, the controller ignored it, until an accident occurred.

Irfanfahmi-