AP Psych 1 by Savannah Julius https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb Chapter 1: Psychological Science en-us 2016-09-14 03:13:21 UTC 2025-10-17 15:09:26 UTC hello@padlet.com http://www.iconarchive.com/download/i87147/graphicloads/colorful-long-shadow/Science.ico prologue and chapter 1 vocab 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/123656816 https://quizlet.com/_2h3x8t]]> 2016-09-14 03:33:04 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/123656816 our thinking and memory and attitude work in 2 ways 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124080368 1. consciously
2. unconsciously]]> 2016-09-15 14:46:53 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124080368 why intuition isn't always the best on its own: because of hindsight bias, overconfidence, and tendency to perceive pattern 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124080674 hindsight bias - I knew it all along
overconfidence - outcomes appear familiar, super confident and sure of your predicted outcome
perceiving pattern in random events - even if repetition occurs, it still leads us to overestimating]]> 2016-09-15 14:47:27 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124080674 note: think critically and always be curious, skeptical, and humble of competing ideas 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124081774 skepticism: tested by Randi (magician) --> ideas need to be questioned

think critically in order to clear up biases and ensure credibility]]> 2016-09-15 14:49:49 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124081774 humility = awareness of own vulnerability to error 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124082177 2016-09-15 14:50:37 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124082177 scientific method includes: theory, hypothesis, operational deifinition, replicate 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124082739 theory is putting puzzle pieces together
  • use theory if
    1. organizes self-reports and observations
    2. implies predictions
    3. stimulates further research
replicate: used for confirmation of findings
]]> 2016-09-15 14:51:58 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124082739 use description for techniques in psychological science 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124083608 case study, naturalistic observation, survey

know that in surveys:
population v. random samples]]> 2016-09-15 14:54:06 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124083608 correlation (for reading stats to  make conclusive psychological remarks) 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124083970 correlations: one predicts the other
strength of scatter plot determines correlation (coefficient) 
CORRELATION DOES NOT MEAN CAUSATION --> correlations help with predictions
  • no cause and effect arrows here
be aware of illusory correlation: recalling events of the past that confirm correlation of a possible relationship and not recalling events that disconfirm correlation

]]> 2016-09-15 14:55:00 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124083970 statistics put unseen relationships into effect 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124084706 2016-09-15 14:56:57 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124084706 regression toward the mean 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124085823 extraordinary events such as outliers regress/return to average]]> 2016-09-15 14:59:25 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124085823 experimentation: experiment, experimental group, control group, random assignment 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124086197 make sure, in experiment when making groups, to use random assignment: this ensures equal chance of inclusion in experiment]]> 2016-09-15 15:00:16 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124086197 double blind procedures usually used for drug evaluation studies 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952236 placebo!!! - expectations only
believe it is working/bettering/worsening you, when really you are receiving no sort of treatment]]> 2016-09-20 03:56:33 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952236 RESEARCH 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952281 descriptive: observe and record behavior
  • case studies
  • natural observations
  • surveys
correlation: detect relationships, how one variable predicts the other, collects data on two variables
experimental: explore cause and effect
  • random sample and assignment
  • change independent variable
]]> 2016-09-20 03:57:27 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952281 know that psychology labs are simplified reality settings... simulations... theoretical 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952446 2016-09-20 04:00:01 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952446 research ETHICS 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952465 on animals: why animals? b/c humans are animals too (similar behaviors and some similar genetics)
BPS and APA set guidelines

on humans: studying behavior and mood
  • informed consent
  • protection from harm
  • confidentiality
  • debriefing
]]> 2016-09-20 04:00:14 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952465 doubt big, round numbers 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952544 oh look at the 300, so big and round and suspicious]]> 2016-09-20 04:01:39 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952544 measures of... 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952586 center: mean, median mode
measures of spread: range, standard deviation

normal curve for normal dist.s]]> 2016-09-20 04:02:11 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952586 when is it okay to generalize? 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952626 representative samples are better than biased ones
low variability is better and more reliable
more cases is better than fewer

***conclusion: you need many representative cases w/ low variability ]]> 2016-09-20 04:02:49 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952626 if measures themselves are reliable, then the differences between them will be too 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952727 wtf?
well...
just know that statistical significance indicates the likelihood that the result will happen by chance]]> 2016-09-20 04:04:23 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/124952727 thinking... 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/125593074 open-minded humility: recognize errors in our own theories
perceive order in random events):
critical thinking: don't assume, ask questions, take it with a grain of salt, evaluate it
curious skepticism: be ready to judge and question
be aware of news distorted by few extremes]]> 2016-09-22 01:59:04 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/125593074 random sample v. random assignment 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/125593110 random assignment is what you do to achieve a random sample]]> 2016-09-22 01:59:24 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/125593110 experiments rely heavily on random assignment 8juliuss https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/125593179 2016-09-22 01:59:56 UTC https://padlet.com/8juliuss/zjnl6k1df4qb/wish/125593179