1. Modern and Efficient Governance - Without a Sultan, these states follow a more Western-style government, making decisions faster and more flexible.

2. More Diversity - Places like Penang and Malacca became big trade hubs with many Chinese, Indian, and European influences.

3. Stronger Economy - No royal influence means more focus on business and development, helping the economy grow faster.

4. Less Political Influence from Royalty - Leadership is based on elected officials, not inherited power.

5. Flexible Leadership - Instead of a Sultan, these states have a Governor, who is appointed based on qualifications.

Limitations of Not Having a Sultan

1. Less Cultural Identity - Sultanate states have strong Malay traditions, while non-Sultanate states may feel more modern but less connected to history.

2. No Role in National Monarchy - Only states with Sultans can have their rulers become the King of Malaysia (Yang di-Pertuan Agong).

3. Weaker Connection to Malay Customs - The Sultans protect Malay traditions and Islam, but these states rely on politicians instead.

4. Risk of Losing Heritage - With a focus on trade and business, some traditional customs might fade over time.

5. No Royal Stability -Sultans provide a symbol of unity and stability. Without one, these states depend entirely on politics, which can lead to leadership conflicts.Strengths of Not Having a Sultan.