The research is still inconclusive as to what causes Schizophrenia; however, it is known that there is a genetic factor and environmental origin. What is known is that there is no specific gene that causes it but the evidence points out that there is a “susceptibility to or readiness for developing Schizophrenia. For example, the closer the genetic link between a person with Schizophrenia and another individual, the greater the likelihood that the other person will experience the disorder.” (Feldman, 2021, page 454) One is pre-disposed to this mental disorder if a close relative such as a parent or a sibling, suffers from it. Epigenetics also suggests that the behavior is passed on by the genes altered by the environment. These changes cause an imbalance in the brain chemistry.

1. Hallucinations

2. Delusions

3. Disorganized thinking

4. Disorganized or abnormal motor behavior

   
   

1. Paranoid Schizophrenia-most common type

2. Hebephrenic or "Disorganized Schizophrenia"

3. Catatonic Schizophrenia-rarest type. One switches from being still to overactive.

4. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia-a combination of what is mentioned above.

5. Residual Schizophrenia-applies to one who had an episode of psychosis and is only having negative symptoms.

6. Cenesthopathic Schizophrenia-is when one experiences unusual bodily sensations.

7. Simple Schizophrenia-usual symptoms that gradually worsen over time.

Schizophrenia is a manageable mental disorder. With early diagnosis, one does not have to have a psychosis first to be able to be diagnosed. It is believed that with proper dosage of medication along with psychotherapy, one can live with Schizophrenia. Family support is important in the development and following a treatment plan. Acknowledging that the issue is not the individual, but is the biological effect of Schizophrenia is the first step. Further research is needed to conclusively close the gap between the first symptoms and diagnosis. Unfortunately, there is no cure for Schizophrenia. 

• Lesley

-Lesley

Figure 2, Unknown Artist (Unknown Artist, ND), https://onedio.co/content/17-creepy-drawings-by-schizophrenics-to-see-the-world-through-their-eyes-13800

Figure 3, Unknown Title (Charnley, Bryan, ND), https://onedio.co/content/17-creepy-drawings-by-schizophrenics-to-see-the-world-through-their-eyes-13800

Figure 4, Untitled (Blair, Karen, 1929) https://onedio.co/content/17-creepy-drawings-by-schizophrenics-to-see-the-world-through-their-eyes-13800

Feldman, R. (2021) Essentials of Understanding Psychology 

National Alliance on Mental Illness. Schizophrenia. NAMI. (2024, April 26). https:// www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Schizophrenia/ 

• Lesley

(n.d.). Treatment- schizophrenia. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/schizophrenia/treatment/

(n.d.). Schizophrenia. NIMH. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/schizophrenia#:~:text=Schizophrenia%20is%20typically%20diagnosed%20in,early%20twenties%20%E2%80%93%20early%20thirties).&text=More%20subtle%20changes%20in%20cognition,actual%20diagnosis%2C%20often%20by%20years.

(n.d.). Hearing voices. Rethink Mental Illness. https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/about-mental-illness/learn-more-about-symptoms/hearing-voices/

• Lesley

• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

• Family therapy

• Psycho education therapy programs

• Cognitive remediation therapy

• Individual psychotherapy

• Art therapy

• Lesley

• Aripiprazole

• Olanzapine

• Haloperidol

• Chlorpromazine

• Lesley

• Lesley

Figure 2. distortions. Pinterest

Figure 3. Therapy. Google

Figure 4. Coping. Google

Figure 5. Drugs. Google

- Lesley

• Delusions

• Hallucinations

• Disorganized speech

• Agitated or repetitive movements

  However, these symptoms can be improved with medication

• Blunted effect

• Alogia

• Avolition

• Asociality

• Anhedonia

  
  

  These can be adverse effects to current treatments, secondary symptoms, or underlying pathophysiology.

Figure 2 Positive and Negative Symptoms. Google Image

Figure 3 smoking. Google image

Mu, X., Wu, W., Wang, S., Su, X., Guan, H., Guan, X., Lu, X., & Li, Z. (2024, March 15). Smoking affects symptom improvement in schizophrenia: A prospective longitudinal study of male patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Nature News. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41537-024-00449-1

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5863980/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6127750/

Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with various causes. Two primary forms are drug-induced schizophrenia and inherited schizophrenia, each with distinct features, causes, and treatments.

Drug-Induced Schizophrenia

-Crystal

Symptoms and Course

Symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, social withdrawal, and cognitive impairments, typically emerge gradually during late adolescence or early adulthood and are chronic.

Genetic Factors and Risk

This form has a strong genetic component, with increased risk for those with a family history. Key genetic mutations and environmental factors (e.g., prenatal stress) contribute to its development.

Symptoms and Course

Symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, social withdrawal, and cognitive impairments, typically emerge gradually during late adolescence or early adulthood and are chronic.

- Crystal

This form of schizophrenia is triggered by substance use, including:Hallucinogens,Stimulants & Cannabis

Treatment and Prognosis

Treatment focuses on stopping drug use, psychotherapy (e.g., CBT), and sometimes antipsychotic medications.

-Crystal

1. [Summit Detox](https://www.summitdetox.com/resources/what-is-drug-induced-schizophrenia) - Detailed information on drug-induced schizophrenia

2. [Healthline](https://www.healthline.com/health/schizophrenia)

3. [Psych Central](https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/drug-induced-schizophrenia) - Discussion on how substance use can trigger schizophrenia

-Crystal