Unit 2: Discussion Board by https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74 en-us 2023-06-14 17:32:25 UTC 2023-06-20 17:40:35 UTC hello@padlet.com The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) sierrahernandez https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2623671631 2023-06-14 18:02:20 UTC https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2623671631 The Two Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) sierrahernandez https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2623674520 Sympathetic Nervous System – fight, fright, flight (adrenergic)
Parasympathetic Nervous System – rest and digest (cholinergic)


]]> 2023-06-14 18:07:40 UTC https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2623674520 Neurotransmitters for each division and the locations where its released from sierrahernandez https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2627684969 Sympathetic Neurotransmitters:

-Acetylcholine (Ach): released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings
-Epinephrine (E): released at post ganglionic nerve ending produced by adrenal medulla
-Norepinephrine (N): released at postganglionic nerve ending

Parasympathetic Neurotransmitters:

-Acetylcholine (Ach): released at the ganglia and post ganglionic nerve endings]]> 2023-06-20 03:11:56 UTC https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2627684969 Receptors of the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic nerves with main locations sierrahernandez https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2627732542 Sympathetic
Adrenergic Receptors:
-Alpha 1:located on glands, smooth muscles, eyes and most arteries and veins
-Alpha 2: located in the brain and pancreas
-Beta 1: located in the heart
-Beta 2:  located smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, and skeletal and coronary arteries

Parasympathetic
Cholinergic Receptors:
-Muscarinic (M): located on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands
-Nicotinic 1(Nn): Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla
-Nicotinic 2(Nm): Neuromuscular Junction


]]> 2023-06-20 04:10:30 UTC https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2627732542 End Organ Responses sierrahernandez https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2628260875 Sympathetic:
-Eyes: Mydriasis (Dilation)
-Arteries: Vasoconstriction
-Heart: Increases Heart rate and Increase Contractility
-Lungs: Bronchodilation
-GI: Decreased motility and secretions (saliva)
-Bladder: Relaxation

Parasympathetic:
-Eyes:  Miosis (Constriction)
-Heart:  Decreased Heart Rate and Decreased Contractility
-Lungs: Bronchoconstriction
-GI: Increase Motility and secretions (saliva)
-Bladder:  Contraction]]> 2023-06-20 15:16:33 UTC https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2628260875 Drug Classifications and MOA for Sympathetic NS sierrahernandez https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2628300857 Sympathomimetics: drugs that mimic the sympathetic system (adrenergics, agonists)

Sympatholytics: drugs that work against the sympathetic system (adrenergic blocking, blockers, inhibitors, antagonists)

-Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
MOA:
  -alpha-1 receptor is stimulates                            
  -vasoconstriction of nasal passages decongestant effect
  -contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict increases BP

-Adrenergic Agonists
MOA:
   -Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors, an exception
   -Vasopressor-vasoconstriction, increases BP
   -Cardiac stimulant
   -Bronchodilator

-Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
MOA:
   -vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP
   -relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increases urine flow
   -binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them
relaxation of smooth muscle

-Beta Adrenergic Agonists
   -Beta -1 Adrenergic Agonists
MOA: 
   -Low dose-stimulates dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow
   -Moderate dose-stimulates  beta 1 receptors-heart, increases force of contraction and cardiac output 
   -High dose- stimulates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction increase in blood pressure

  -Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists
MOA: 
   -stimulates beta 2 receptors 
   -relaxation of the smooth muscle of the uterus
   -relaxation of the smooth muscle of the lungs bronchodilation 

Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
-Selective Beta-1 Blockers
MOA:    
   -decreases force of contraction (negative inotropic)
decreases cardiac output
   -decreases HR (negative chronotropic), decreases conduction (negative dromotropic)
  -decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP
  -beta-1 receptor is blocked (antagonizes beta-1 effects of NE and EPI)   

-Non-selective Beta Blockers 
MOA: 
   -block beta-1 and beta-2 receptors 
   -decreases force of contraction (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output
   -decreases HR (negative chronotropic) decreases conduction (negative dromotropic)
   -decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP
can cause bronchoconstriction






]]> 2023-06-20 16:17:35 UTC https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2628300857 Drug Classifications and MOA for Parasympathetic NS sierrahernandez https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2628302011 Parasympathomimetics: drugs that mimic the parasympathetic system (agonists, cholinergics)

Parasympatholytics: drugs that work against parasympathetic system (antagonists, anticholingerics)

Cholinergics (Parasympathomimetics)
   -Direct –Acting Cholinergic Agonists
MOA:
    -mimics ACH
    -directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division 

   -Indirect –Acting Cholinergic Agonists
MOA:
     -increases ACH
    -inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys   ACH in the synapse


Anticholinergics (Parasympatholytics)
MOA: 
-bind to a cholinergic receptor 
-acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism

]]> 2023-06-20 16:19:39 UTC https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2628302011 Specific Drug Examples of ANS sierrahernandez https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2628302431 Autonomic Nervous System 

I. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
         -ephedrine
         -phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
 
II. Adrenergic Agonists
         -epinephrine (Adrenalin®)
     
III. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers
          -prazosin (Minipress®)
          -terazosin (Hytrin®)
          -doxazosin (Cardura®)
 
IV. Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists
           -dobutamine
 
V. Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists
            -formoterol (Foradil®)
     -albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
              -terbutaline (Brethine®)
 
VI. Beta Blockers
  1. Nonselective
               - nadolol (Corgard®)
                -propranolol (Inderal®)
                -imolol (Blocadren®)
  1. Selective
                -atenolol (Tenormin®)
                -metoprolol (Lopressor®)
 
VII. Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist
                 -acetylcholine
                 -pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
         -bethanechol (Urecholine®)
 
VIII. Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents
               -neostigmine (Prostigmin®)
 
IX. Anticholinergics
                  -atropine
                  -dicyclomine (Bentyl®)

]]> 2023-06-20 16:20:14 UTC https://padlet.com/sierrahernandez/zf3pe5qals29jy74/wish/2628302431