Batalova, Jeanne and Fix, Micheal. "Understanding Poverty Declines among Immigrants and Their Children in the United States." Washington, DC, 2022. Migration Policy Institute, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/mpi-poverty-declines-immigrants-2023_final.pdf

Annotations:

The purpose of this source is to give awareness on how much of an impact poverty is to immigrants and their children. The author's intended audience for those who are doing research because it provides statistics and linear graphs. Maybe to also those who are experts in the field or to journalists.

The author's thesis is the declining in poverty among the immigrant population, depending on their legal status and education, over the years. The evidence that supports this thesis is when the author's, Batalova and Fix, state it in their summary, "The share of immigrants who were either neutralized U.S. citizens or legal permanent residents rose from 58 percent in 2010 to 73 percent in 2019, while the unauthorized immigrant share fell from 28 percent to 23 percent" (pg.1).

The qualifications and expertise the author's bring are that they're both highly qualified in this field because Fix was a director of immigration studies at an institute and Batalova is an analysts for immigration, while also having a PhD in sociology. The authors don't have any biases because they use statistics to prove their points.

This source is useful for my project because it provides statistics, which I can use as evidence for my paper. I'm also writing my paper based on poverty and how it affects children/families in the U.S..

MLA: Lastname, Firstname. “Title of Work.” Journal Title vol., i (issue), Year: page numbers.

APA: Lastname, First Initial. (Year). Title of work. Journal Title, vol umber (number only), page numbers.

BOOK

MLA: Lastname, Firstname. Title of Work. City of Pub: Publisher, Year.

  APA: Lastname, First Initial. (Year). Title of work. City of Pub, State: Publisher.

EXAMPLE

MLA: Smith, Linda. “Students in Danger.” New England Journal of Student Progress 7.2 (2007): 142-154.

  APA: Smith, L. (2007). Students in danger. New England Journal of Student Progress, 7(2), 142-154.

100 words for each source

• When was the source published?

• What is the source arguing? What is the thesis?

• How will it be used in your paper? How does it relate to other sources?

• What type of source is it? Popular or scholarly?

• Who is the author/their credentials?

• Who is the publisher?

• What is the purpose of the source: persuade, inform?

• How is the source relevant for your paper?

Include a visual aide.

Link the source to Padlet.

Include a Works Cited or References list.

NEED 4 SOURCES!!!!

https://www.apa.org/topics/immigration-refugees/vulnerable.pdf

1: The purpose of this source is to inform others why people migrate, what happens during migration, and post-migration. The author's audience is people to understand migration and its effects.

2: Children migrating from Central America experience trauma and mental challenges when migrating. The evidence that supports this statement is in different sections in the book, and to find them, you look through the table of contents.

3: The author is Giselle A. Hass and a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology from Nova Southeastern University. She is also a consultant and forensic expert with focuing moslty on familys and immigration cases.

4: I believe this source is useful for my project because it correlates to my research question.

5: This source doesn't relate to my other sources in my bibliography. The reason why it is different because I decided to change my research question.

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/refugee-and-migrant-mental-health

1: The purpose of this source is to give these people the right to health and ensure they all have equal mental health services and support. The audience is migrants, refugees, and professionals.

2: The author's thesis statement is how refugees and migrants face barriers when accessing mental health services and addressing these barriers. The evidence that supports this is throughout out factors in the article.

3: The author is unfortunately anonymous, but the organization has over 8,000 professional authors; the author is bringing in data and facts instead of bias.

4: I believe this source is great for my project because it talks about mental challenges migrants go through, and in the book, Javier goes through many of these mental challenges.

5: This source is different from other sources in my bibliography. The reason is that I decided to change my research question.

The purpose of this article is to show how children are affected when growing up in their lives without their parents being present. The author's intended audience is kids or adults who have grown up without parents, and those whose cases have affected them.

The author's thesis is how parental absence is a multifaceted issue with various reasons and is happening to many kids. The evidence that supports this is through the sources that give many examples of how a parent is being absent.

One qualification the author has is that he goes to Thakur Ramnarayan College of Law. I believe the author may have experienced having absent parents due to knowing so much information about the matter.

This source is useful for my project because it gives many reasons on how the mental health of a child is affected by the parents not being there in their lives.

This source is different from my other source in my bibliography. It is different because it gives different information on the matter.

The purpose of this source is to show how kids are affected by immigration enforcement, having their families. The authors' intended audience is children with immigrant parents.

The author's thesis is that there are many families out in the world with immigrant parents who are not in ther lives. The evidence that supports this is given in different examples of families who aren't there.

The authors are from the American immigration council. The qualifications they have are seeing how families get hurt.

This source is useful for my project because it gives many examples in real life time how children are affected by immigration.

This source is different from my sources in my bibliography because it has different information. This source talks about immigration and how it affects children's mental health.

1. The purpose of this source is to show how immigrant children succeed academically even though they face many challenges.  It targets educators and researchers. 

2. The author's thesis is immigrant children perform as well or even better than native born students. Evidence includes grades, behavior, and family stability. 

3. Nicholas Zill is a research psychologist.  However, his emphasis on two-parent families may show some bias. 

4. This source is useful because it shows immigrant student success, which gives positive data that other sources that are more focused on their struggles. 

5. This source relates to others by discussing immigrant education, but it stands out because it focuses on strengths, motivation, and achievement instead of the hard times. 

https://imix.org.uk/a-daughters-reflection-sacrifices-of-migrant-parents-for-new-home/

1. The purpose of this source is to talk about a personal migration story to show the sacrifices and resilience of a migrating family. It is aimed towards readers interested in immigration and family experiences. 

2. The thesis is that migration, through difficulty, can create opportunities and strengthen families. The evidence supports the author's childhood memories and her parents' experiences.

3. The author experienced migration firsthand and worked at IMIX. Her focus on positive outcomes may show a bit of bias.  

4. This source is useful because it talks about personal experiences, a topic that someone actually went through. 

5.  It relates back to my other sources becuase it provides a personal and native side to immigration. 

https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/31/health/children-resilience-trauma-partner

1: The purpose of the source is to inform readers about why building children's resilience is important. The audience is towards parents.

2: The author's thesis is that resilience is important, and by growing resilience at a younger age, children are more prepared for the long term. The evidence is things such as healthy attachment, helping children cope, and increasing awareness.

3. The authors ' qualifications are Director, Department of Public Health, Professor of Public Health, Levine College of Health Science, and at Wingate University. The is some bias when approaching how to build resilience in children.

4. I believe this source is useful because it shows why building resilience is important and also talks about mental health.

5. This source is different from sources in my bibliography because it leans more in resilience than mental health.

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/18/health/migrant-children-mental-health.html

1: The purpose of the source is to inform readers about the mental health consequences when children remaining in horrible environments. It targets readers and the government.

2. The author's thesis is that the longer children remain in institutional settings, the greater the depression, ptsd, and other mental health problems. The evidence is backed up by experiments.

3. The author has written three books. Graduated with a Mathematics degree from the University of Colorado, and completed one year of journalism at Northwestern University. The title article has some biases because in the title, it states, "The Earlier They're Out, the Better," rather than reporting facts.

4. I believe this source is useful for my project because at one point Javer was imprisoned in a detention center for deportation, and I can connect those two.

5. This source relates to other sources in my bibliography because it talks about the mental health of children.

The purpose of this source shows how parents' absence affects the child to have attachment issues and feelings of neglect. The intended audience is families that don't realize they're not in their kids' lives and are struggling.

The author's thesis is showing different mental issues a child faces when being alone, and showing a a child should be celebrated with their parents. The evidence that shows this is when Mary writes about a family that is facing this issue.

The qualification Mary Ann Little has is that she has a Ph.D in Childhood Narcissism. With this, she has a connection when writing about different children without their parents' support in their lives.

This source is useful for my project because it gives me an inside look at children's feelings and what they do to express them.

This source does relate back to my bibliography. It is different because it shows a child's perspective.

The purpose of this source is research about children about there health and psychological impact. The author's intended audience is children to see if they have the same effects.

The author's thesis is to show what the research will find in children's mental health. The evidence that supports this is the answers to this research.

The author brings different research methods to find answers to the children's mental health due to having immigrant parents. I dont believe the author has any bias.

This source will help my research paper because it gives me a research method that I can talk about.

This source is different in my bibliography due to it being about research on children.

1. The purpose is to explain how being an immigrant can affect child custody cases and help immigrant parents understand their rights.

2. The author’s thesis is that state family laws and federal immigration laws can both influence custody. Evidence includes examples like the UCCJEA and the Hague-Convention. 

3. The author shows expertise in immigration and family law, but has bias since the article promotes a certain law firm being Mathur Law Offices, P.C.

4. This source is useful because it explains legal barriers immigrant parents face, and it also shows examples that connect directly to my topic. 

5. It relates to my other sources by focusing on the legal side of immigration, while my other sources are more on the emotional experiences. 

1. The purpose of this source is to show what Mexican immigrant parents hope for their children. 

2. The main idea is that immigration rules and social conditions shape how parents guide and support their children. 

3. The authors of this source are experts who study immigrant families, but they mainly focus on Mexican parents, which might limit their view

4. This source is useful because it gives real examples of immigrant parents' struggles and hopes for a better life for their kids. 

5. It connects to my other sources by showing family life and emotions, while my other sources focus more on law and policies. 

‌1) The purpose of this source is to advocate for immigrants with mental health issues to receive more healthcare attention. It is a study comparing immigrants mental health and non-immigrants mental health.

2) The author's thesis is that migrating takes a toll on people's mental health. It either worsens it or causes it. However, immigrants have much less access to it due to them having no residency so they don't have insurance and stuff like that.

3) Amerlia Seraphia Derr is highly educated. She has a Master of Social Work degree and a Ph.D (Doctor of Philosophy). She went to Seattle Washington University. And she works at Seattle Washington as a social worker.

4) This source is useful for my topic because it highlights a little part of these people's sacrifice. It shows the emotional and mental toll immigration takes on them during and even after their journey.

5) This source connects to my other sources because it's all about the cons on crossing the boarder. Many things are involved for them, it's not just simply crossing.

1) The purpose of this source is about how immigrants struggle for jobs, housing, if their kids go to college, and just simple living from day to day challenges.

2) The authors thesis is that the system is not set up for them.

3) Farhat Popal has her Bachelors of Arts in Political Science and her Master of Public Policy. She also served at the U.S. State Department's Bureau of Democracy.

4) This source is useful for my topic because sadly many immigrants come to the U.S for a better life and in the end the system is not going to help them because it is not set up for them. It is just another issue they face, dealing with another thing on their plate.

5) This source connects to my other sources because it goes over another bad thing they have to go through because they are in a foreign country.

‌

‌1) The purpose of this source is about all the mass deportations and how it has significantly impacted everyone.

2) The author's thesis is how many children lose their parents and many parents lose their family.

3) Myriam Vidal Valero has a Master of Arts in journalism she is a bilingual science journalism specialist and she has been recognized with many awards and fellowships.

4) This source is useful for my topic because it talks about the risks immigrants run even after their hard journey.

5) This source connects to my other sources because it is just another thing on their plate.

‌1) The purpose of this source is to let readers understand what it's like when a immigrant is in a detention center.

2) The thesis is how terrible it is for immigrants that actually get sent into detention centers. How they lack technically everything.

3) There is no author named, so no credentials.

4) This source is useful for my topic because I'm going to talk about how it is just one thing after another for these people.

5) This source connects to all my other sources because this is their consequence if they get caught.

-The author's thesis is comparing if mental health is affected by immigration, evidence is provided from studies in the book. Hayley Hamilton has a Phd and also is a doctor for mental health.

-I think it's useful for my project because it provides evidence and also studies by a professional in that field, It can help my essay have a strong base with the studies. It also sees the mental and physical studies

https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/stories/why-we-need-champion-childrens-and-young-peoples-voices

1.1: The purpose of the source is to explain why we need to focus on children and young people's opinions and how they are in need of support. 1.2: The intended audience is everyone who can make a change to anyone who knows someone younger.

2. 1 The author's thesis is that having free time is a protective factor. It is therefore key not to overburden children and young people with school workloads to fill the gap in formal learning, recognizing children’s and young people’s contributions, their sacrifices, and what they have learnt throughout the pandemic is a fundamental starting point for future planning, Children and young people want to be involved and be part of decision-making processes: We should listen to them.

   2. 2 The evidence that supports this is through the article in its own sections.

3. 1 The qualifications and expertise that the author brings are trauma from kids who suffered from COVID-19 in the era.

   3.2 The author doesn't bring any biases or assumptions, in my opinion

4. I think the source is useful because it is a great source that provides a varied amount of detail that goes well with Solito.

5. It relates to other sources because it supports children identity. Their different because of different experiences.

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/immigration-unaccompanied-migrant-children-record-numbers-us-shelter-system/

1.1 The purpose of this is to show the challenges that can happen if you were to get caught by immigration and the side effects. 1.2 The authors' intended audience is those who support the suffering children.

2. 1 The author's thesis is how children are getting separated from their families, and the government changes in the shelter. 2.2 The evidence that supports this is through the article.

3. 1 The qualifications and expertise that the author brings is the stories of people who witness the strategies. I think the author didn't make any biases or make any questionable assumptions?

4. I think the source is useful because Javier was an immigrant.

5. It relates to other sources in my bibliography because it's an article with varied perspectives. They're different in a way because a hondurian family side.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10265132

1.1 The purpose of the source is to show the deep Mental health effects more etc. 1.2 The authors' intended audience is those who want to deep dive into the detailed information of how the children get affected and the places they can get put in.

2.1 The author's thesis is the limitations that the refugee migrants suffered, the areas's the refugees were being put and the characteristics of these places, and the violence. 2.2 The evidence is all provided through the text.

3. 1 The qualifications and expertise is the deep details to provide much evidence that shows the urban areas, the horrible limitations that go through all the refugee immigrants, and the differently explained violence. 3.2 I don't think the author had any biases since the source provides strong evidence.

4. I think the source is useful because it's a great scholarly source that provides way more evidence than the others and a deep definition.

5. The other sources relate cause they contain violence. Their different because it miss some parts of the evidence related to the after effects.

Summary: The article explains how children whose parents are deported often face serious mental health challenges, including anxiety and trauma.

1. What is the purpose of the source?
   The purpose of this article is to study the mental health struggles that children face after their immigrant parents are deported.

2. Who is the author's intended audience?
   The intended audience is the general public, especially people interested in immigration and child welfare.

3. What is the author's thesis? What evidence supports the thesis?
   The author’s thesis is that children left behind after their parents are deported often experience significant emotional distress and a mental health crisis. The article supports this with interviews from families, mental health professionals, and data from recent reports.

4. What qualifications and expertise does the author bring? Does the author have any biases or make any questionable assumptions?
   Miriam Jordan is an experienced immigration correspondent for The New York Times. While her reporting is really thorough, the article uses mostly anecdotal evidence and focuses on negative outcomes, which could suggest a bias toward specifically the harms of deportation.

5. Why do you think this source is useful for your project? How does this source relate to the other sources in your bibliography? How are they different?
   This source is useful because it provides real world examples of the emotional impact on children when their parents are removed from their lives due to immigration policies. It relates to the scholarly source by showing the lived experiences behind the research, but it is more narrative.

Summary: The article reports that students affected by immigration raids often turn to school counselors and showing how important they are for their support as they struggle with fear and anxiety.

1. What is the purpose of the source?:
   This article shows how immigration raids create fear and stress for kids, especially at school, and how counselors are trying to help.

2. Who is the author's intended audience?
   It’s written for anyone interested in the well-being of children, especially parents, teachers, and people who care about immigrant families.

3. What is the author's thesis? What evidence supports the thesis?
   The main idea is that these raids make kids anxious and distracted, sometimes even forcing them to take on adult worries. The article shares real stories from students and counselors, and includes facts about increased absences and mental health struggles.

4. What qualifications and expertise does the author bring? Does the author have any biases or make any questionable assumptions?
   Ana B. Ibarra is a reporter who interviews school counselors, therapists, and experts. She focuses on the struggles these kids face, which shows she cares about their mental health.

5. Why do you think this source is useful for your project? How does this source relate to the other sources in your bibliography? How are they different?
   This source is helpful because it gives a real life look at how family separation affects kids right now. It connects to my other sources by showing the emotional impact of parental absence, but different by highlighting the important role schools and counselors play.

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.786210/full

1.1 The purpose of this source is to show the different perspectives of support during flight and reception centers in Europe. 1.2 The intended audience is those who are interested in European refugees.

2. 1 The author's thesis is time and development of those going through the difficulties in the European refugee. 2.2 The evidence that supports this is through the time and development section.

3. 1 The qualifications and expertise brought are the identities that can be brough up to show the authenticity of the development of refugees. The author has no biases or assumptions.

4. I think this source is useful because it goes deep into the development of models of events that describe deeply of European refugees.

5. 1 The way the source relates to others shows the deep perspective of the pain felt through the other refugees in Europe. Their different because the refugees are from different continents.

Summary: The article finds that children in rural China whose parents migrate for work often experience greater loneliness and emotional distress.

1. What is the purpose of the source?
   This study looks at how kids in rural China feel when one or both of their parents leave to work in another city.

2. Who is the author's intended audience?
   It’s written for researchers, teachers, and anyone interested in child development or the effects of migration on families.

3. What is the author's thesis? What evidence supports the thesis?
   The main finding is that when both parents leave, children feel more depressed and less happy, but if only one parent leaves, it doesn’t have a big effect. The study uses surveys from over 1,600 students and their parents and analyzes both negative feelings like depression, and positive ones such as happiness. It also finds that family income can help a little, but missing parents makes things harder emotionally.

4. What qualifications and expertise does the author bring? Does the author have any biases or make any questionable assumptions?
   The authors are researchers who use real survey data and strong statistical methods. They try to show both the good and bad sides, but their focus is on the emotional challenges these children face.

5. Why do you think this source is useful for your project? How does this source relate to the other sources in your bibliography? How are they different?
   This source supports my other sources by showing that being away from parents is tough on kids’ mental health. It’s different because it’s a scientific study with lots of data from China, while my other sources focus more on stories and situations in the U.S.

Summary: The story follows a father and son who were separated at the U.S. border due to immigration policies. After their reunion, they continue to face significant emotional and many challenges, showing the lasting impact of family separation.

1. What is the purpose of the source?
   This NPR story shares what happened to a father and son who were separated at the U.S.-Mexico border and what life is like for them after being reunited.

2. Who is the author's intended audience?
   It’s for anyone interested in immigration, family stories, and the effects of U.S. border policies on real people.

3. What is the author's thesis? What evidence supports the thesis?
   The main idea is that even after families are reunited, the trauma from being separated lasts a long time. The story uses interviews with the father and son, as well as a counselor who explains the emotional toll and how therapy is helping.

4. What qualifications and expertise does the author bring? Does the author have any biases or make any questionable assumptions?
   Lilly Quiroz is an NPR producer who lets the family tell their own story and brings in expert voices. The story focuses on the emotional struggles but also shows positive steps toward healing.

5. Why do you think this source is useful for your project? How does this source relate to the other sources in your bibliography? How are they different?
   This source helps my project by giving a personal look at the lasting effects of family separation and the importance of mental health support. It relates to my other sources by showing the emotional impact of parental absence, but is different because it has a detailed, first-person account of the journey through separation and healing.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3856769/

Annotations: The purpose of this source is to bring awareness of the contributions immigrants bring to America. The author’s thesis here is that a variety of people primarily focus on the negative aspects of immigrants, but rarely on the positive aspects. It encourages people to have a little more empathy for the contributions they make to America’s agriculture due to their creative and talented work. The author of the source is an expert in social demography related to race and ethnicity. I believe the author could have a bias, maybe due to their information. This source is useful for my project because it provides information on how immigrants contribute to the economy. 

Annotations: The purpose of this source is to spread awareness of how immigrants sacrifice their lives and hometowns to pursue a better life. It encourages people to get a better understanding of the risks they immigrants through to achieve something bigger in American culture. The author is mainly known as a human rights expert and researcher. I believe the author does have a bias due to a personal reflection, other people may have other questions or concerns. This source is useful for my project because it provides information on the sacrifices immigrants have to go through to achieve the American dream.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6553658/

Annotations: The purpose of this source is to inform readers about how discrimination has been a major problem against immigrants’ mental and physical health. Immigrants are discriminated against mainly everywhere, which affects their health. I suppose the author’s main point is for people to realize how discrimination affects their health and encouragement to elimainte it. These authors are health researchers who are mainly experts in the medical sociology field. I believe these authors don’t have bias. This source is useful for my research topic because it provides information about how immigrants are discriminated against. 

Annotations: 

The purpose of this source is to raise awareness of the crucial role immigration plays in the economy. It is an encouragement to the US economy because some don’t appreciate their contribution to the economy. The author’s thesis is that without immigrants, the economy wouldn’t have as much labor. It is important since they bring a bigger population to the US economy. The author of this source is a research reporter who gathers information about society. I believe that the author could have a bias because others might agree or disagree due to their personal opinions about the topic. This source is useful for my project because it provides information related to how immigration is a crucial part of the economy. 

1. The purpose of this source is to show what unaccompanied migrant kids go through, in this case being kids from Guatemala. It targets news readers who care about immigration and child safety.

2. The author's thesis is that the more these kids get detained or get sent back, the more children face lifetime trauma and fear. The evidence includes quotes from kids and interviews with advocates.

3. The author is a journalist for ABC News, so they're experienced with reporting but might focus on emotional parts to get readers attention.

4. It's useful because it gives real voices to from migrant children.

5. It connects to my other sources because it shows emotions and the personal side of immigration. It is also different because the scholarly sources give deeper analysis while this one focuses on personal experiences.

1. The purpose of this article is to explain why so many kids travel alone to the U.S. border. The author's intended audience is people who want to understand what's going on with migrant children.

2. The author's main point is that violence, poverty, and wanting to reunite with family are big reasons kids migrate. They have it up with real stories and numbers from border reports

3. Save the Children is an organization that helps kids worldwide, so I would assume they know what they are talking about but they might lean toward showing more sympathy.

4. This source is useful for my project because it shares emotional, real-life examples.

5. It connects to my other sources because it shows the human side of everything. The source itself is based off of a non-profit organization to support the health education, and protection of children.

1. The purpose of this TED Talk is to share the speaker's story of coming to the U.S. as a child. It's meant for anyone who wants to understand immigration from a personal view.

2. The main message is that child migrants face fear but also hope and strength. His own story is the evidence.

3. Erik Gomez isn't a researcher or a journalist, but he has real-life experience, which makes him credible in another way.

4. It's useful because it adds a personal, emotional voice to my research.

5. It connects with my other sources because the speaker focuses on a children's perspective, but it also stands out because it's firsthand and told by a migrant himself.

1. The purpose of this article is to question how society labels migrant kids as either helpless or too mature. The author's intended audience is people studying immigration and childhood.

2. The author's thesis is that child migrants need to be seen as individuals of their own instead of just stereotypes. She supports this with case studies that can be seen throughout the article.

3. The author is someone who studies child rights, so she is credible but might focus more on theory instead of emotion.

4. It's useful because it is longer than most of my sources so it includes a lot more information and can show a different view on how we see migrant children.

5. It's different from my other sources since it's more based on information and logic instead empathy like other sources. Even with this being said it still connects by focusing on how children are understood.

Each source is complete with visuals and has great information.

2. Suggestions: What suggestions do you have for improvement?

I suggest that you put more detail on the thesis. The thesis is still good but needs improvoment on 1 or 2 of the posts.

3. Sources: Are there 4 sources present?

Yes, there are 4 sources present that are either scholarly or popular.

4. Annotations: Does each source have an annotation that includes a summary of the source

Yes, each source has an annotation that includes a summary of the source.

The purpose of the source is to examine the mental health outcomes of unaccompanied refugee migrants. The intended audience is mental health professionals and immigrants. The thesis of the source is that there is a significant amount of risk factors that affect the mental well-being of unaccompanied minors fleeing their home country. The source provides statistics and cites many other sources that help back up their claims. The authors are well educated in medicine and mental health, and in the source, they do not make any biases or questionable statements and keep it neutral. I think that this source will be helpful because I can use it to describe and help back up what children go through mentally during journeys like Javier Zamora did in the book. This source is different from the rest because it talks solely about unaccompanied minors rather than both immigrants and children. It is also similar to a few of my sources because it talks about mental health.

The purpose of this source is to shed light on the challenges children and immigrants from Central America specifically face while migrating. The intended audience would be mental health professionals, people who specialize in helping immigrant families, and legal aides for immigrants. The thesis of the source is that youth flee their countries, and the repeated exposure at home, or anywhere else, leaves them susceptible to poor mental health and several mental health conditions. They cite evidence from many psychiatric websites regarding the mental health of immigrants and unaccompanied minors, as well as other educational papers regarding the same topic. The authors all studied at the Yale School of Medicine, and some of the authors work in mental health facilities and have been educated in the topic for many years. The authors do not make any biases or assumptions and remain neutral. I think this source is useful for my project because it mainly focuses on immigrants from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Which can help me relate this evidence to the book we read. These sources relate to others because they focus on immigrant mental health outcomes. It is different because it focuses primarily on immigrants from a certain area in Central America.

• The Purpose of this source is to give an insight on how to deal with mental health issues at a young age. The authors intended audience is researchers, mental health workers, and students who are on an academic pathway.

• The author's thesis is that Adolescents who are separated from their parents are likely due to experiencing mental health issues. Evidence that supports this is due to many symptoms of many disorders of children who have parental absence which influences mental health and also vulnerability they are exposed to earlier on in life.

• The qualifications and expertise the author brings is author Dr. Kateryna Karhina who is associated with the Department of Psychology Science at the University of Bergen. Her and co author Tormod Boe, Mari Hysing, and Sondre Aasen Nilsen have published many Norwegian studies before based on youth studies. Some bias many might have with the author is self-reported data that she conducts and assumptions like negative absence rather than the reasoning of the absence and if it was for the best. Overall though the research conducted is very survey based and quantitative research of Mental Health.

•  I believe this source is useful to my project because my topic is based on family absence and how it affects children's mental health. This source supports many factors and addresses the symptoms and behavior.

• This source relates to others sources in my bibliography because it's associated with mental health and the impact due to parental absence. They are different because rather than a broad research source like this one, most of them are particular groups of children in different parts of the world. This creates different environments and reasoning for relationship strains.

•  The Purpose of this source is to explain the early impact of parental separation and how it affects children development. The author’s intended audience is everyone who is interested in learning about child development, mental health professionals, and researchers who want scientific reasoning from this topic.

• The author's thesis is that parental separation affects a child's development and has an effect on their mental health. Evidence that supports this thesis is the biological research like hormones cycle that influences mental stress and emotional distress that becomes a long term effect on their identity.

• The qualifications and expertise the author brings is that Dr. Ian H. Gotilb is a psychology professor at Stanford University from the science writers of the Stanford University News. He has a high level of education and he has made many peer-reviewed articles for decades. Some biases many make is that he generalizes his discoveries because of the immense amount of connections he makes with psychological findings. Assumptions made is that he just implies that parental separation is long term rather than considering the many different factors each individual has. Dr. Ian however is a highly respected psychologist and he has years of experience in this topic.

• I believe this source is useful to my project because of the reliable findings that allow for an advocacy form of research in behavioral and emotional outcomes of parental absence.

• This source relates to others sources in my bibliography because of the topic of parental influence on children's lives. They are different because he discusses more of the biological causes and strain of parental absence in children's bodies.

• The Purpose of this source is to inform readers of the trauma of parental separation and emotional impact of children who were institutionalized in a post-soviet country. The intended audience are researchers who are interested in this topic, students with academic research, and historians who are interested in the post-soviet era.

•  The author's thesis is the emotional effects of separation of children from their parents and how they grow up in an institutional environment. Evidence that supports the thesis is that children who are exposed to independence are more likely to be vulnerable to loneliness and yearning aid in challenging events.

• The qualifications and expertise the author brings is she has investigated one of the highest levels of government in Azerbaijan and is a journalist and radio host who has documented the deepest insights of this issue. She sacrificed being punished and humiliated after receiving a lot of backlash from it. Some biases people might have is that information is limited because hers is the most popular amongst the rest. Some assumptions made as well is that she exaggerates on some of the conditions. Although her sacrifices gave us the closest insight of real emotions and effects of the separation of these children during the post-soviet era.

• I believe this source is useful to my project because it gives a close insight on children's vulnerability of being industrialized away from their parents giving me an analysis of the mental and emotional effects.

• This source relates to others sources in my bibliography because of the lack of parental presence and the effects it has on children who are independent. They are different because of the particular location and era the information is being documented.

• The Purpose of this source is to discuss the separation of children due to aging, and adult migration of older parents from China. The authors intended audience is researchers who are curious about parental relationships, students who are conducting research for a class, or historians who are interested in researching the life cycle of migrants of rural China.

• The author's thesis is how health trajectories are connected with adult children’s migration to rural China. Evidence that supports this thesis is that it tells us in China in particular parents are the main support of their children.

• The qualifications and expertise the author brings is that she is familiar with living arrangements, migration, families, life course determinants, health outcomes in later life. Qian Song also has three degrees Ph.D. Sociology from University at Albany, SUNY, MS Biostatistics from School of Public Health at University at Albany SUNY, and BA Sociology at Peking University of China. Here she has a high level of education and experience due to the different areas of studies. Some bias some people may have is that her information is too generalized. People assume as well that all her studies are limited to one area of study and could shadow the rest. Although here she makes conclusive information that not only supports the importance of parental presence but physiological importance and while discussing a location in particular.

• I believe this source is useful to my project because it gives information on the role in the life of children.

• This source relates to other sources in my bibliography because it discusses physiological effects and the importance of parental figures in children's lives.

The purpose of the source is to show the outcomes of minors who participated in recovery technique classes. The intended audience is medical professionals and people who specialize in helping immigrants integrate into society. The thesis of the source is that offering these TRT classes lowers PTSD risk in immigrant children and helps them have better life and health outcomes. They share statistics from studies and cite other academic papers. The authors are all public health workers and work closely with these communities. They remain neutral throughout the study and do not make any questionable assumptions or biases. I think this source is helpful because it talks about policies that can help immigrants successfully and healthily integrate into new societies. This source relates to my others since it touches on immigrant mental health. It is also different since it touches on policies that can help them. 

1. The purpose of the article is to review and interpret, and conduct studies of household conditions on the effects of child development.

2. The source is showing the effect of family instability ruining early childhood development. The source also has solid study results.

3. Both authors are professors with more than one journal publication. In fact, author Sara McLanahan has participated in over 100 journals.

4. The source is informative and is scholarly. There are little to no opinions as it is straight facts and information.

5. This source is highly relevant to my paper because it shows all the negative effects of what could happen to a kid if their family is unstable.

• The source’s purpose is to argue that immigrants are vital to the U.S. economy and the nation's stability.

• The primary audience is policymakers, immigrant advocates, and the general public.

• The author’s thesis claims that immigrants make significant contributions through taxation, business creation, and labor, supported by recent statistical data.

• The American Immigration Council is reputable in immigration policy and research, but has a pro-immigrant advocacy perspective.

• This source is useful for showing the economic value of immigrants, and its focus on policy and statistics complements the more social and academic perspectives in other sources.

The purpose of this source is to document the immigrant struggle, such as getting housing, jobs, and education. The intended audience is people who may know immigrants are immigrants themselves, or people who simply want to know more about the day-to-day struggles of the immigrant population. The thesis of this source is that the immigration system is not ideal for immigrants and inadequately helps them. The author is very well educated, as she has a degree in political science and has also worked in a government position. I do not think the author shows any bias, but it may seem so since they are talking about how the system does not allow immigrants to succeed. I think this will be useful and give more perspective on immigrant struggles and how hard life was after migration, which “Solito” may not touch upon. This source relates to my other sources because it talks about policies and the immigration system. It is also different because it is a firsthand account of the aftermath of migration. 

• The article’s purpose is to analyze immigrants' roles in the U.S. workforce, wages, and economic mobility.

• It is aimed at economists, students, and anyone interested in labor and immigration policy.

• The central thesis argues that immigrants are a net positive for economic growth, supported by employment and income data analysis.

• EPI is a well-known economic research institute with staff expertise, though its positions often support labor and immigrant rights.

• This source offers detailed labor-market data and connects with the first source on economics, but stands out for its depth on wages and employment.

"Child development and parental investment: introduction" The Economic Journal, Vol. 126, No. 596, October 2016.

1. The purpose of the source was to interpret multiple studies that collectively demonstrate the impact of the living environment on children. Show any negative effects.

2. The source indicates that the amount of investment a parent puts into their children will yield different results. More parental investment would mean a better environment and better long-term development.

3. Both authors are pretty credible, with many other research reports published. Both authors are well-respected professors.

4. The source is scholarly and informative. It is using research results to conclude and point out certain issues with child development.

5. The source would be useful for my paper because it highlights and supports the consequences of a child's development when they are in a bad environment.

• The purpose is to inform professionals about cultural challenges and strengths experienced by Latino immigrant families.

• Its audience includes child welfare workers, educators, and mental health practitioners.

• The thesis states that acculturation impacts Latino families in unique ways, with evidence from family case studies and psychological research.

• The authors are experienced in social work and legal issues, lending authority, but may focus primarily on Latino families over other groups.

• This source offers social and cultural context, linking policies and data from the first two sources to lived immigrant family experiences.

• The source reviews research advances on immigrant families, exploring how migration influences adaptation and well-being.

• Its audience consists of scholars, students, and practitioners in public health or social science.

• The thesis is that family ties and adaptation are central to immigrant success, backed by a broad review of multidisciplinary studies.

• The authors are noted academics with strong credentials, but the academic scope may not capture policy nuances.

• This source brings research depth and a broader context, intertwining with the other sources by providing theoretical frameworks for economic and social observations.

There are 4 sources presented.

2. Annotations: Does each source have an annotation which include the summary of the source?

Annotations are provided and include a summary of the source.

3. Visual aids: Is each source complete with a visual aide?

Visual aids are included.

4. Suggestions: What suggestions do you have for improvement?

I have no suggestions for improvement

- Alexander Mata

There are 4 sources included.

2. Annotations: Does each source have an annotation which include the summary of the source?

Each source includes an annotation with a summary of the source.

3. Visual aids: Is each source complete with a visual aide?

Each source contains a visual aid.

4. Suggestions: What suggestions do you have for improvement?

I don't see anything that needs to be improved

- Alexander Mata

“Potential Impacts of Mass Detention and Deportation Efforts on the Health and Well-Being of Immigrant Families” By  Akash Pillai, Drishti Pillai, and Samantha Artiga. The purpose of this article was to explain the effects of mental and physical health on families affected by immigration deportations. 

The thesis states how Trump wants to remove protection to immigrants in schools, hospitals, etc.

The main qualifications are journalist and writers.  

This is useful to my essay because it can make my thesis stronger with secondary sources and also provide more evidence for my statements on physical and mental health on immigrants and families.

1. The purpose of this source is to inform how parental absence can take a toll on a child's health and development. The intended audience is parents and anyone in general.

2. The author's thesis is that children who are sparated from their families have a harder time developing. The evidence that supports the thesis is throughout the research.

3. The authors are all qualified and are from universities. The authors do not have any bias and are stating pure facts.

4. This source is useful for my project because it is a credible government source and gives me facts about children being away from their parents and family and how it affects them.

5. This source relates to other sources in the bibliography because they are similar.

Metzner, Franka ; Adedeji, Adekunle ; Wichmann, Michelle L.-Y. ; Zaheer, Zernila ; Schneider, Lisa ; Schlachzig, Laura ; Richters, Julia ; Heumann, Susanne ; Mays, Daniel, 2022. 

The purpose of this article is to inform the readers of the mental effects of racism on immigrants and children. 

The thesis states how children and older teens can be physically and mentally affected by racism. 

These authors have education and are scholarly writers, and this supports my essay by giving a different perspective on radical comments. 

This source relates to the bibliography because it provides reasons on the effects of immigrants.

1. The purpose of this source is to inform people that children that are forced away from their immigrant parents are affected mentally and physically. The intended audience is anyone.

2. The main idea of the source is the negative effects children separated from their parents experience. The evidence that supports the thesis is the studies that took place by the author.

3. The author is qualified because he is a professor and he is also a psychologist. The author does not have any biases in the article.

4. This source is useful for my project because it speaks about the negative affects children experience when their parents get taken away or when they're separated.

5. This source is similar to the other source in my bibliography because it speaks about the way children react to such a negative experience.

1. The purpose of the article is to first acknowledge the effect and then try to find why it happens.

2. The article addresses all the mainstream issues and brings up factors that might lead to them. A child's bad behavior could influence a divorce, which leads to an even worse situation.

3. The author is famous for many books and articles that she has published.

4. Although the source is a blog the source is still informative as there is no bias in the information.

5. The source could be useful to me because it brings another side of my thesis that I have yet to bring up. The source is also pretty credible, so I should be able to use it.

Chuang, S. S., & Moreno, R. P. (2011). Immigrant children : change, adaptation, and cultural transformation (1st ed.). Lexington Books.

https://research-ebsco-com.bakersfieldcollege.idm.oclc.org/c/hoynl7/ebook-viewer/pdf/njovdrn62j/page/pp_A

Annotations:

The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of challenges and experiences faced by immigrant children and children of immigrants. The author’s intended audience are educators, researchers, or people who are interested in learning and knowing more about immigrant children. 

The thesis of the book is to understand immigrant children, the challenges and experiences they face. 

Susan S. Chuang is a professor of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition at the University of Guelph. Robert P. Moreno was professor and head of the Department of Family and Consumer Sciences at New Mexico State University. I don’t think they have any biases or questionable assumptions since they include personal experiences from many people.

I think this source is useful for my project because it includes many experiences from multiple people and children that followed a difficult journey of immigration. 

The purpose of this article is to explain what goes on in the detention centers and what they assume. 

The thesis states how they launched an investigation to check if detention centers are providing human rights and care. 

The qualifications are of the author are is that he is a United States Senator 

This source is useful because it provides government officials involved in my thesis for the essay. 

This source is different from my bibliography because it gives a different view on my statement and thesis. 

Abrego, L. J. (2014). Sacrificing families : navigating laws, labor, and love across borders (1st ed.). Stanford University Press.

https://research-ebsco-com.bakersfieldcollege.idm.oclc.org/c/hoynl7/ebook-viewer/pdf/3vhjikisiz/section/lp_Cover

Annotations:

The purpose of the book is to explore the impact of family separation on undocumented families in the United States. The author’s intended audience are students, and anyone who is interested in understanding the experiences of immigrant families and children. 

The author’s thesis is the separation of immigrant families and how it creates emotional hardships especially for children. 

Leisy J. Abrego is Professor of Chicana/o and Central American Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles.

This source is useful for my project because it shows the reality of being separated from your family and the emotional toll it takes on someone.

1. The purpose of this source is to inform readers how a chilld develops at a young age and what it needs. The author's intended audience is anyone.

2. The main point of the article is what the children need and how they can get what they need in order to grow. The evidence that supports the thesis is the steps.

3. There is no specific author. No bias because it's providing facts.

4. This source is useful for my topic because it tells me what kids need in order to develop.

5. This source relates to ther sources in my bibliography because it explains what children need to develop properly including parental love and things of that nature. While the ther sources are about how being separated from parents can affect the way a child develops especially if they're really young.

LÓPEZ, A., & NIETO, S. (2020). A Mother–Daughter Writing Journey. English Journal, 110(2), 22–25

https://www-jstor-org.bakersfieldcollege.idm.oclc.org/stable/26985445?sid=primo&seq=1

Annotations:

The purpose of this journal is to explore their personal experiences, activism and cultural heritage. The author’s intended audience are students, activists, and people in search of social justice.

The authors’ thesis is giving insight into education and activism while also giving insight in their mother and daughter relationship.

Sonia Nieto is a professor emerita of language, literacy, and culture at the College of Education at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Alicia López is an award-winning ESL teacher and former assistant principal in Massachusetts, Amherst.

I think this source is useful for my project because it provides a first-hand perspective. It includes the challenges of education and social justice faced by immigrant families and children.

Rosalind Ghafar Rogers. (2025, February 5). Mental Health Effects of Restrictive Immigration Policies. USCRI. https://refugees.org/the-dire-mental-health-effects-of-restrictive-immigration-policies/

Annotations:

The purpose of this source is to go over the negative impact that immigration policies have on the mental health of immigrants. It raises awareness and advocates for better immigration policies. The author's intended audience are policymakers and advocates.

The author’s thesis is that immigration policies have significant effects on the mental health of immigrants that lead to anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders including psychological. Evidence that supports this thesis is she mentions the call for humane immigration policies, and brings concerns about immigration and their mental health.

Rosalind Ghafar Rogers is an Afghan-American International Psychologist and Licensed Mental Health Counselor, specializing in global mental health and trauma services.

This source is useful for my project because it gives me an insight on the mental health effects of immigration policies.

1. The purpose of this source is to inform how immigration can affect children. The author's intended audience is anybody.

2. The authors thesis is the risks that come with a child's parents getting deported. The evidence that supports the thesis is the facts that are stated in the article.

3. There is no specific author stated but the source iis credible. There is no bias.

4. This source is useful for my project because it talks about the potential effects that a child's parents getting deported may have on them.

5. This source relates to my other sources because it also speaks what parent separation can do to a child.

The purpose of this source is to explain how fear and stress affect the daily lives of immigrants' lives and health. This would explain and answer the readers' questions as to how and why these families face physical and mental challenges in the U.S. This includes families sometimes being afraid of the small things, such as sleep, food, and socializing. This information contains real-life evidence of much stress and fear in immigrant families. Overall, this source is useful and provides enough information needed.

The purpose of this sourcce is to raise awareness of childrens mental health especially immgrant childrens since the source explains childrens feeling to elevate their life for a better life since their parents sacrificed and migrated into the U.S for a better life which puts pressure on children to want a better life. this source mentions the pressure these children feel after all the trauma their parents faced just so their children could have a better life. This issue is useful because it provides enough information and evidence for the reader to analyze and understand. This informations provides information of children face health struggles since they feel that because of what their families went through, they should not have to seek mental health care which reveals how immigrant children can experience mental health and not be able to seek care. Overall, this source has proven to be useful information.

1. The purpose of this article is to understand the effects on children following a migration

2. The article addresses the issues posed by the question and how it directly affects their adult life

3. The author is a graduate from a university in Spain and graduated with a degree in developmental and educational psychology

4. The source is an official government organisation so there will be no bias

5. This source is useful to me because it direrctly provides examples of how migration affects children

1. The purpose of this article is to see how parental migration affects children's psychological development in China

2. This article goes into how children in China are affected and when most people think of migrants, they link of those from the southern hemisphere. This essentially gives a new perspective to children who suffer from another part of the world

3. The author is a graduate from Comombia university

4. This source is also an official government website so it is unbiased and can be trusted

5. This source is useful to me because it keeps my topic nuanced and offers new perspectives

The purpose of this article is showing the realities of children with immigrant parents who face hard challenges to give themselves the life and their children a better life they deserve. These children are faced with pressure and expectation to chase for a better life because of their parents sacrifice. This information is useful because it shows sides of how people from foreign countries are treated and also how children of immigrants children feel the need to live up to their parents expectations. Also, this information is useful since it provides insights of how the children feel the need to meet and live up to their parents expectations because of their sacrifice just for a better life. Overall, this reveals the story of children with immigrant parents who feel to succeed and live up to their parents expectations for a better life after their sacrifice for a better life for themselves and their children.

The purpose of this article explains the guilt and drive these children feel to repay their parents for their sacrifices and everything they've faced. These children can feel in debt to their parents to live a better life in America. The articles reveal these children feel "emotional debt" and "immigrant guilt" because they feel guilty and in debt to repay their parents by pursuing and repaying them with a better life, and meet their expectations. This information is useful and provides some insights as to why and how these children feel not only guilty but driven to repay their parents. Overall, this article is useful and explains the guilt and drive these children feel to repay their parents because of all the sacrifices they've made to have a better life.

1. The purpose of this article is to share personal views on migration

2. This article gives nuanced perspectives and lets the reader see from the perspective of someone a child who actually had to migrate for whatever reason

3. The author was a nursing graduate who personally interviewed these children

4. the source is unbiased and is focused on helping children and developing adolescents get passed the trauma of migration

5. This source will be useful to me because it lets me speak with a much more personal view of how migration effects kids personally

1. The purpose of this article is to discuss what children need in order to develop healthily and what they don't get as immigrants

2. This article addresses what migrant children don't have and what they need in order to mature properly and develop safely

3. This author is first year medical student at Baylor College and has been trying to find ways to make healthcare more efficient and effective

4. This source is an organization focused on the protection and preservation of children affected by migration and seeks to offer guidance to them

5. This source could be useful to me because it allows me to see what children need in order to develop properly and what they simply don't get due to migrating at such a young age

This source was published to determine a permanent solution for each youth child currently in foster care. The source is arguing that each child deserves a home and we should all work together to gain better outcomes for the children. It will be used in my paper to differentiate the difference between kids who are able to fend for themselves and those who cannot. Javier chose to find his own path but in this article, help is being arranged for others.

1. This is a popular source.

2. The publisher is Columbia University Press. 2009

This source was published in the year 2023. The sources main topic is forced migration and seperated families. It discusses the same situations for different people from different countries of origin. It will be used in my paper by comparing Javiers lonesome feeling by demonstrating that he is not as alone as he thinks he is. Migration exists everywhere, and Javier is apart of a large percentage of migrators. The purpose of the source is inform the readers of refugees and past generations. Although Javiers parents were not forced to leave him; they felt that way because they wanted to give him more.

1. The publisher is Cham: Springer Nature and it is a popular source.

The purpose of this article is to explain the different types of migration there are and how people choose from them. This source uncovers the choices people have made, arguing that migration is a solidary choice. The author says, many time migration is voluntary. This will be used i my paper to defend Javiers and his parents actions for choosing to migrate to the United States.

1. This source similarly relates to other sources by discussing the same topic but giving the reader a different perspective on the idea of migration.

2. This is a scholarly source because it is peer reviewed and highly recommended.

1. The purpose of this source is to inform about how migrating to another country leads to one having these negative effects. The intended audience of this source is for people who migrated to another country and had to adjust to their new and foreign surroundings, which can be a struggle for most. 

2. The author's thesis proves that there is an impact on people’s mental health who move to a different country, which leads them to have a temporary depression. A piece of evidence that supports this is “Leaving behind friends, family, and a familiar support system is one of the hardest parts of moving internationally. Without immediate access to close relationships, feelings of loneliness can become overwhelming” (Boxleitner 2025).

3. The author’s qualifications are based on psychology, and their expertise is based on therapy. From what was read, it seems like they don’t have biases or questionable assumptions.

4. I believe this source could be useful for my project because I want to discuss how moving to a different country can have an impact on some people mentally.

5. Each source I picked has explained about the topic I am researching, but all use different experiences and statistics about how one gets affected mentally when migrating.

This sources main idea is that foster care should not be normalized. The dependecy some people have on it is far from normal. Children in foster care experience mental issues and faulty emotions that can turn their lives around. The source is arguing that the temporary love and families for children under the age of 18 is not enough. We believe that we have achieved a solution to help these kids but it is more sickening. This will be used in my paper by focusing on the defects that can occur when children are abandoned. Although Javier wasnt in such a harsh way; if he was, the book would be entirely different.

1. The publisher is Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2017.

2. This source is a popular book, available online.

1. The purpose of this article is to give some advice on the aspects of moving to another place. The intended audience is mostly for those who seek help on how to cope with sadness and/or depression due to homesickness, but it also contains some information that is useful for an audience that is researching these mental health issues.

2. The author’s point is that moving somewhere else can have a negative effect on migrants, not only because of homesickness, but also because migrants, especially young migrants, get separated from their families. For example, “A 2019 study based on data from nearly 4,000 first-year university students found a link between frequent moving and poor mental health” (Ferguson 2025)

3. The author’s qualifications lie within mental health, and they are a writer who seeks to help others who struggle with their minds. The source was medically reviewed by psychologist Tiffany Taft, who works at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. The author has some biases regarding ‘relocation depression’, while it is something that many people can suffer from due to migrating, it is not an actual mental illness like depression.

4. I think this source could be useful for my project because this source includes more information about how certain people feel about migration and/or moving somewhere else and staying there permanently. Within the information, there are some statistics that I find useful.

5. This source is different from the last one because this one contains some statistics and how much migration can impact someone.

1. This source’s purpose is to inform readers about the historical background of migration. Aside from that, it mostly discusses the ways people find to migrate and the negative aspects, both physically and mentally.

2. The point of this source is to make connections between mental health and migration, and how both can collide in both a positive and a negative way. In the text, it states “The children who migrated from developing countries (e.g. of Maya) to developed countries (USA), though they had good physical growth and health, they became overweight and obese and developed an unhealthy life-style compared with local children. It shows that when the pattern of migration involves the migration from developing countries to developed countries, people will find it difficult to continue their healthy life-style and prone to adopt an unhealthy life-style due to the complex factors that the migration process involves” (Nirmala 2014).

3. Multiple of the authors are in the mental health field. The main author, Bergai P. Nirmala, works at the Department of Psychiatric Social Work. There are some biases made in the source because they do show the good and the bad for when it comes to migrating.

4. I believe that this source could work well for me because it is a scholarly article and it contains a lot more useful information than the other sources, which they are ‘popular sources’.

5. The difference between this source and the others is that this one is scholarly, and while the other sources I used are good, scholarly sources can be considered more than good.

1. This source’s purpose is to inform readers about Latin immigrants and their mental health. The intended audience is for readers who would like to learn more about how immigrants felt when struggling to migrate to the United States.

2. The author’s thesis is to prove that immigrants suffer while trying to move. Especially young children who get separated from their parents. For example, the text states, “Current immigration policies can create vulnerabilities, including fear and mistrust, discrimination, limited access to services, parent–child separation, and poverty. These experiences increase risk for poor mental health outcomes and may exacerbate prior exposure to traumas in the home country (e.g., violence) and during migration (e.g., extortion)” (APA PsycNet 2018).

3. It seems like the source is written by multiple authors, but all, if not, study in the mental health field. The source seems to offer no biases and focuses on one point.

4. I think this source could be of some use to me because this one focuses on Latin immigrants, just like in the book Solito. And also because this source is scholarly and has some great information.

5. The one difference about this source is that this one focuses on a group of people and all the others discuss about people who migrate in general.

1. I believe that the purpose of this article is to help the readers understand that a lot of things aren't the way they seem and are based on our emotions and how we view them.

2. I believe Cohen's main idea is that our choices and emotions shape our perspective on life. For example, if someone's having a bad day and someone makes a joke, they might take offense.

3. Cohen's credibility is reliable because she is a psychotherapist and a professor, and is credible due to her having a background in this research.

4. This source helps me understand the correlation between emotional perspective.

5. This source connects to the others due to its being a similar topic.

“Your Powerful, Changeable Mindset.” Stanford Report, Stanford University, 2021, https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2021/09/mindsets-clearing-lens-

1. This article helps us understand the connection between outside factors, such as life and stress, and how they can affect mindsets.

2. The article talks about how a mindset is based on perceived actions and is still able to change even after events.

3. This article is credible because it is coming from a prestigious college, which is known for its credibility.

4. After reading this article, I realize I can apply what it's saying in real-life situations

5.

The source connected because it was talking about mindsets.

Zhao, Yun, et al. “The Effect of Growth Mindset on Adolescents’ Meaning in Life: The Roles of Self-Efficacy and Gratitude.” Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 14, 2022,

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10655738/

1. The article demonstrates that adopting a growth mindset is most effective in enhancing one's perspective.

2. I believe that the author means that when someone who is improving their mindset believes in something strongly, they can change.

3. The credibility behind this is professors who have studied psychology thoroughly and have a background.

4. The source has helped me realize our perspective really shapes life experiences.

5. The source is more backed by data and research, which makes it really credible.

Salovey, Peter. “Rethinking Stress: The Role of Mindsets in Determining the Stress Response.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, American Psychological Association (APA), 2013.

https://www.academia.edu/50050050/Rethinking_stress_The_role_of_mindsets_in_determining_the_stress_response

1. The study shows that one's beliefs can correlate with their perspective and thoughts.

2. The author claims one's perspective on health affects their actual physical.

3. Ryan and his team are credible researchers, which means their study is credible.

4. It helps me realize that thoughts can actually become reality if someone puts in the effort to make them real

5. The study connects to the other one because it talks about mindset.

1. The purpose of the article is to address an example of parent neglect and the consequences.

2. The article speaks about all the mental and behavioral issues. The main issues addressed are narcissism and anxiety.

3. The author is a respected psychologist who has done many research projects on child psychology.

4. The source is a blog and is informative. The only issue is that there is no directed reference behind any of the claims.

5. I could use this source for my paper. Although there is no reference, the site and author are both qualified, and I should consider the information. It is like taking advice from a professional.

Each sources has annotations and includes a summary.

Each source has a complete visual aid.

Some suggestions I would give for improvement is more coherent points and specific information.

Each source has annotations and summary.

Each source has a complete visual aid.

No suggestions everything looks good.

Torres, Lucas. "Predicting levels of perceived stress among Latino immigrants: Cultural and environmental factors." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, vol. 12, no. 3, 2010, pp. 328-339.

What is the purpose of the source? Who is the author's intended audience?
The purpose is to explain how migration affects mental health, especially identity and feelings of loss, and the intended audience is Mental health professionals and researchers.

What is the author's thesis? What evidence supports the thesis?

The thesis is that Migration often causes stress and mental health issues due to losing one’s culture and social ties. He uses surveys and statistical analysis for data as his evidence.

What qualifications and expertise does the author bring? Does the author have any biases or make any questionable assumptions?

The author is an expert in immigrant mental health, mainly studies Latinos.

Why do you think this source is useful for your project?
It'll be useful because it Shows specific causes of stress, with data.

Relation to Others
Focuses on stress (not just depression), and uses numbers/data, unlike the others.

Bhugra, Dinesh, and Matthew A. Becker. "Migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity." World Psychiatry, vol. 4, no. 1, 2005, pp. 18-24.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1414713/

What is the purpose of the source? Who is the author's intended audience?

The purpose of the source was to find out which factors cause stress for Latino immigrants. The intended audience is most likely those who have families who are migrants.

What is the author's thesis? What evidence supports the thesis?

The author's thesis is that both culture shock and tough environments (like discrimination) raise stress for Latino immigrants. He uses surveys and statistical analysis as data for his evidence.

What qualifications and expertise does the author bring? Does the author have any biases or make any questionable assumptions?
Both of the authors are experienced in psychiatry. They focus on mental health challenges and might not discuss the positive sides of migration.

Usefulness
It's good for understanding the mental health side of immigration.

Relation to Others:
Like the other sources, it discusses mental health, but focuses more on identity and cultural loss.

Citations (MLA)
Ornelas, India J., and David S. Perreira. "The role of migration in the development of depressive symptoms among Latino immigrant parents in the USA." International Journal of Social Psychiatry, vol. 57, no. 6, 2011, pp. 609-620.

What is the purpose of the source? Who is the author's intended audience?

The purpose is to study how migration affects depression in Latino immigrant parents, and the audience is most likely Social scientists and mental health workers.

What is the author's thesis? What evidence supports the thesis?

The author's thesis was that migration increases depression for Latino parents, especially from family separation and adapting to a new culture. His evidence was surveys and interviews.

What qualifications and expertise does the author bring? Does the author have any biases or make any questionable assumptions?

Both of the authors are public health experts, focused on Latino families.

Usefulness:
It'll be useful to me because it gives insight into family and parent-specific mental health struggles.

Relation to Others:

This source is similar to Torres, but it looks at depression in parents rather than general stress.

What is the purpose of the source? Who is the author's intended audience?
The purpose is to give a big-picture overview of immigrant life in the U.S, including struggles, and the intended audience is students, researchers, and policymakers.

What is the author's thesis? What evidence supports the thesis?
His thesis was that immigrants face both physical and mental challenges, shaped by society and policy, and his evidence was lots of data, interviews, and research.

What qualifications and expertise does the author bring? Does the author have any biases or make any questionable assumptions?
Both of the authors are top immigration experts; the book is mainly about the U.S.

Usefulness:
It is useful because it puts other sources into context, showing the bigger picture.

Relation to Others:
It is broader and more general than the other sources, which are more focused.

There are 4 sources presented.

2. Annotations: Does each source have an annotation that includes the summary of the source?

Annotations are provided and include a summary of the source.

3. Visual aids: Is each source complete with a visual aid?

Visual aids are included.

4. Suggestions: What suggestions do you have for improvement?

I have no suggestions for improvement

- Joshua Vargas

There are 4 sources presented.

2. Annotations: Does each source have an annotation that includes the summary of the source?

Annotations are provided and include a summary of the source.

3. Visual aids: Is each source complete with a visual aid?

Visual aids are included.

4. Suggestions: What suggestions do you have for improvement?

I have no suggestions for improvement

- Joshua Vargas