Genetics Mindmap (L04-L06) by Iffah Sorfina https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3 L04 - L06 en-us 2022-05-30 13:33:17 UTC 2025-09-28 04:31:54 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9ec.png Non-Mendelian Genetics nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204687302

]]> 2022-05-30 13:36:39 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204687302 L04 nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204687955 2022-05-30 13:37:15 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204687955 L05 nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204688238 Polygenic Inheritance]]> 2022-05-30 13:37:32 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204688238 L06 nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204688407 Linked genes]]> 2022-05-30 13:37:41 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204688407 Co-dominance nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204713078 > 2 phenotypes for 1 trait - alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygous are BOTH fully expressed 
` offspring phenotype is neither dominant/recessive
> Law of Dominance is X followed
> F2 phenotypic ration = 1 : 2 : 1
Example: Blood group (3 alleles; A, B, O)

]]> 2022-05-30 14:00:50 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204713078 Incomplete dominance nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204781376 > Gene may be in >2 allelic forms (vary in interactions)
> Alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are BOTH expressed partially --> offspring inherit "in-between" phenotype
> Neither dominant/ recessive
> F2 ratio = 1 : 2 : 1]]> 2022-05-30 15:04:50 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204781376 Orde of dominance (multiple alleles) nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204783307 > Gene may exist in >2 allelic forms (vary in dominance)
> BUT can only have 2 alleles for a given gene, multiple alleles may exist at population level --> many cobinations of 2 alleles are observed

]]> 2022-05-30 15:06:49 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204783307 Lethal alleles nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204816978 > Allele of phenotypic ratio --> causes death of an organism 
> Can be dominant/recessive 

]]> 2022-05-30 15:43:12 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204816978 Pleiotropy nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204831371 *1 gene, many effects
> A trait <-- many interactions between multipe genes (>1 gene is responsible for the phenotype of the trait)
> The protein "trait" produced by 1 gene affects the expression of another

Epistasis - an interaction at the phenotypic level 
~ genes involved may still show independant assortmnet (genotypic level)
--> however,  phenotypic ratios may deviate from those expected from independant assortment 
Occurs in: 
` when ≥2 loci interact to create new phenotypes 
` when an allele at 1 locus masks the effects of alleles at ≥1 other loci
` when an allele at 1 locus modifies the effects of alleles at ≥1 other loci]]> 2022-05-30 15:58:34 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204831371 Polygenic Inheritance nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204915761 Polygenic (quantitative) traits: Influenced by 2 or more genes residing at different loci on same/different chromosome]]> 2022-05-30 17:38:07 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204915761 Quantitative traits nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204924603 Discontinuous Variation (Qualitative)
- Characteristics fall into distinct groups 
- Sometimes there is only 2 forsm of a characteristic

Continuous Variation (Quantitative)
- Charateristics which do not show clear cut differences (show a range of differences) ]]> 2022-05-30 17:48:42 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204924603 Assumptions of Polygenic Inheritance nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204926720
  • Trait is controlled by independantly assorting gene loci
    • ` Individual polygenes segrgate & independantly assort according to Mendelian principles
    • Each gene locus or an inactive allele that does not contributes to the phenotype
    ]]>     2022-05-30 17:51:04 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204926720     Prediction Polygenic Inheritance nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204927416 2022-05-30 17:51:59 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204927416 Predictions of Polygenic Inheritance nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204928974 Depending on the distribution pattern of F2 phenotypes, we can use the number we attain to find the corressponding rows on the Pascal Triangle]]> 2022-05-30 17:53:53 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204928974 Linked genes nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204934305 Linked genes: A set of genes that are in close proximity with one another.
    - Likely to be inherited togetehr during cross over
    Uninked genes: Genes located on different chromosomes

    Usage
    > Able to locate novel mutation through linkage analysis by knowming location of mutation & associated phenotype
    > Genetic inkage map]]>     2022-05-30 18:00:15 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204934305     Steps to carry out genetic mapping nuriffahsorfina1 https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204942879 1. Autosomal or Sex-linked?
    - equal ratio = focus on sex chromsome and subsequent steps to include gender (sex-linked)
    - unequal ratio = males/females  has more mutation than other gender (e.g., 3:1) (not sex-linked)
    -----
    P: WT X DM
    F1: Heterozygous (carriers)
    F2: 3:1 / 1:1 (depending on scenario)

    2. (If not sex-linked) Choose shortest autosome
    - 9:3:3:1 achieved --> unlinked
    - 9:3:3:1 NOT achieved --> linked
    -----
    P: WT X DM
    F1: Heterozygous
    F2: 9:3:3:1 (unlinked) / NOT 9:3:3:1 (linked)
    *Often linked, would result in recombinants to be lower in number

    3. Test cross 
    > unknown X homozygous recessive parent (DM)
    > determine if phenotype is heterozygous/homozygous
    -----
    F1: X x DM
    F2: 1:1:1:1 (unlinked) / NOT 1:1:1:1 (linked)
    *Location of gene
    Formula: Recombinants/Total x 100 = ____cM]]>     2022-05-30 18:11:07 UTC https://padlet.com/nuriffahsorfina1/zddk6s9ehdluesj3/wish/2204942879