• Dysarthria, physical weakness, or paralysis of the speech muscles caused by nerve or brain damage.
• Dysprosody, is characterized by changes in the intensity of volume, the timing of words, and rhythm and intonation of words while speaking.
• Articulation disorders, difficulties with physically learning how to produce sounds.
• Phonemic disorders, difficulties learning the different sounds in language, and how one sound may be used in many places. It is common for individuals to have both articulation and phonemic disorders together.
• Voice disorders, physical impairments with your larynx or vocal resonance.
• Apraxia of speech, the inconstant production of sound, and the rearranging of sounds within words.
• Aphasia, is characterized by difficulty using words and senteces.
• Muteness, an inability to speak.
• Stuttering.

• Low-tech AT includes anything that needs no electricity; think weighted vests, sensory balls, or picture boards.
• Mid-tech AT is simple enough to be relatively inexpensive and easy to operate. Examples include battery-operated sensory toys, visual timers, and social skills videos.
• High-tech AT is digital technology and can include anything from augmentative communication technology for non-verbal people to robots built to increase social skills in children on the spectrum. 

• Low-distraction work areas;
• Printed schedules of activities & events;
• Visual cues for common requests;
• Earplugs;
• Sensory retreat spaces;
• Exercise breaks; and
• Classroom aides

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The term excludes deafness, which the Act defines as a hearing loss so severe that it impairs the processing of language information in an educational context, with or without the support of a hearing amplification. (webmd.com)

• having limited or unclear speech
• not following directions or paying attention
• hearing only parts of a conversation; asking for information to be repeated 
• not being able to hear every day sounds, like a school bell or morning announcements
• learning problems

• Make seating changes
• Minimize background noise when possible
• Use an FM system
• Face students when you speak
• Use lots of pictures, graphics, and text labels
• Use technology to make learning easier
• Have a plan for missed instruction, assignments, and testing. 
• Talk about and celebrate differences
• Encourage participation in classroom activities, physical education, and extracurricular activities.

• Hearing loop (or induction loop) systems use electromagnetic energy to transmit sound;
• FM systems use radio signals to transmit amplified sounds;
• Infrared systems use infrared light to transmit sound; and
• Personal amplifiers are useful in places in which the above systems are unavailable.