2.  Describe what autotrophs do. Capture energy from sunlight or chemical sources and transform that energy into sources usable by all cells

   3.  What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics? Living cells are not at equiblirum
   4.  What is energy coupling? Cells managing energy resources
   5.  Sequential reactions allow for more ___controlled____________  and ________efficient_________ transfer of energy.

   6.  PAUSE the video at 4:00.  Choose the correct answer and JUSTIFY your choice. D because it does not violate the second law of thermodynamics

1.  Photosynthesis is the biological process that ___organisms capture and store energy____________________

2.  How did photosynthesis change Earth’s early atmosphere? Early prokaryotes were responsible for oxygen

3.  Pigments help transform ____light molecules_________________ into __________chemical____ energy.

4.  This chemical energy is then temporarily stored as _____NADPH __________

5.  Light-dependent reactions also produce another energy storing molecule called _ATP __

6.  What happens to the NADPH and ATP produced by the light-dependent reactions? powers the production in the calvin cycle

7.  What process produces the oxygen released in the light-dependent reactions? Calvin cycle

8.  PAUSE the video at 3:48, choose the correct answer and JUSTIFY your choice. D because cyanobacteria it best represents the claim

1.  During photosynthesis, chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight and coverts it into _____high energy________________  electrons.

2.  These high energy electrons are used to make ____a proton gradient_______ and _____reduce NADP to NADPH ____________

3.  Where are photosystem I and II located? Internal membranes of chloroplasts

4.  What is a photosystem? Light capturing unit in chloroplast's membrane

5.  The hydrogen molecules from the __splitting_______________ of water are released into the ___________thylakoid________ ______space______ and are used to create an _________electrochemical___________________________  gradient.

6.  The electrons that were excited by the energy captured from sunlight pass through an _____light___________  ________capturing_________  ____unit ________

7.  What is the function of PSI and PSII? pass high energy to the etc

8.  What is an electrochemical/proton gradient? difference in concentration of proteins

9.  What can this proton gradient be used for? Linked to synthesis of ATP

10.  What does the enzyme ATP Synthase do? An enzyme that creates ATP

11.  Which three things does the Calvin cycle use to produce carbohydrates? ATP, NADPH, CO2

12.  Where do the ATP and NADPH used in the Calvin cycle come from? light powers

13.  Where does the carbon dioxide used to make carbohydrates come from? from the environment
14.  Describe the results of the experiment presented in Table 1 in the question at the end of the video. We see a regeneration of RUBP