https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665 The Yenisey-Angara River is the sixth largest river in the world (Owen et al., 2023). It has many tributaries, a good ecosystem with many fish and plants. However, with the rise in development, an increase in dams and reservoirs, and commercial fishing it is not immune to climate change and pollution. en-us 2023-06-10 20:48:14 UTC 2023-06-12 05:02:02 UTC hello@padlet.com childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2618593130 2023-06-08 20:00:53 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2618593130 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2619984021 The Yenisey-Angara River spans 3,442 miles and is 996,000 square miles. It is the sixth largest river on Earth (Owen et al., 2023). The river originates from Lake Baikal, a freshwater lake and receives an inflow of water from the Arctic Ocean (WorldAtlas, 2021). The Russian River lies in a subarctic climate that is rich in plants, fish, and mammals (Owen et al., 2023). In the North, annual precipitation is 16-20 inches, in the South it is forty-seven inches, and the Central part of the basin is 30 inches (Yenisey River - Largest in Russia with Subarctic Climate | Britannica, n.d.). 

Permafrost covers 88% of the watershed and 33% of the watershed consists of permanent permafrost (Arctic Great Rivers Observatory, n.d.).


]]> 2023-06-10 21:11:26 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2619984021 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2619984629 The whitefish are plentiful in the Yenisey-Angara River, for now. However, with the rise in marine traffic, development, and climate change, they are susceptible to forced migration, illness, death, and a decreased population.]]> 2023-06-10 21:14:55 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2619984629 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2619994050 The water quality of this Russian river is good compared to other rivers on our planet. The river struggles with high sediment due to permafrost and the placement of dams and reservoirs (Varotsos et al., 2021). However, officials have a water management policy in place where water is sampled, spectral images are taken, studies of heavy metals are performed, and water quality is sampled in neighboring countries (Varotsos et al., 2021). Water sampling is also performed in the town of Dudinka, Russia, by a company, "ArcticGRO" (Arctic Great Rivers Observatory, n.d.). ]]> 2023-06-10 22:07:55 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2619994050 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2619997879 Approximately 8 million people live on the Yenisey-Angara River (Arctic Great Rivers Observatory, n.d.). In the lower parts of the river system, it is utilized for transporting lumber, petroleum, bread, coal, and machinery. The Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Station is a large elevator that lifts ships so they can pass through the lower area of the river (Arctic Great Rivers Observatory, n.d.). The water quality is affected by industry on the river, but thankfully the quality is "good" and is consistently managed ]]> 2023-06-10 22:32:38 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2619997879 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620286428 This is a causal loop for the Yenisey-Angara River. It is evident that many variables affect each other in this diagram. Specifically, pollution and land use are beginning to be problematic for the river basin. The permafrost and subarctic temperatures bring its own challenges to the region as well, but fish and other aquatic mammals have adapted well. ]]> 2023-06-11 16:41:44 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620286428 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620296188 Russia utilizes the Yenisey-Angara River for various uses. Gold and oil extraction along with coal mining are critical to the economy. Additionally, commercial fishing is vital to the river basin's economy. Lastly, the lumber industry along the river is a fruitful business which the people of Russia rely (Kirill Ya. Kondratyev et al., 2002). ]]> 2023-06-11 17:08:55 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620296188 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620304144 Lake Baikal is a freshwater lake that empties into the Yenisey-Angara River. The political borders split the watershed between Russia and Mongolia. However, Lake Baikal itself is in Russia. These boundary issues have caused critical issues with water quality management. However, in 1999, the "Baikal Law" passed which was created to mandate border countries to oversee economic and environmental activities of the watershed. The law was abolished in 2000, and the Federal Environmental Protection Agency is now responsible for the watershed's resource management (Brunello et al., n.d.). ]]> 2023-06-11 17:31:00 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620304144 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620313939 Industry such as gold and coal mining, along with mining industry operations have been a vital source for the Russian people. However, it has had detrimental effects on the river basin. Industry has infringed large territories along the river, changing its range and size. Reindeer habitats have also been disturbed. The hydro pattern of the rivers has been affected. High pollution has infiltrated the northern coast of Russia by rivers, which has largely affected the ecosystems of the northern seas. Furthermore, vegetation along the rivers has been disrupted due to industrial operations on the Yenisey-Angara which affects animal habitats, fish, and food for the people of the basin (Kirill Ya. Kondratyev et al., 2002). ]]> 2023-06-11 17:59:56 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620313939 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620354698 Global warming has affected the river causing ice-dam floods in the Springtime. Due to hydropower plants as well as climate change, there has been a decrease of the river's natural bottom erosion. Consequently, homes have been destroyed (Gorshkov et al., 2013).

The Yenisey-Angara River silt is polluted with nucleotides from the hydropower plants. The silt accumulates at the bottom of the lower floodplain. The silting and having an absence of natural cleansing floods has caused algae to invade the river. ]]> 2023-06-11 20:01:26 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620354698 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620357461 Climate change has not only impacted algae overgrowth and ice-dam floods but has also altered vegetation. Due to an increase in summer droughts, the yield of mushrooms, nuts, berries, bog bilberries, and Siberian pine nuts have decreased. This directly affects animals and humans alike (Gorshkov et al., 2013).


]]> 2023-06-11 20:08:41 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620357461 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620363253 Dry thunderstorms are commonplace in the Yenisey-Angara region. Unfortunately, the thunderstorms cause devastating forest fires. Moreover, these fires cause heavy smoke which prevents fire crews from responding to these catastrophes as they use the river for transport. Additionally, climate change has caused a decrease in water content and surface water which aids in the expansion of forest fires (Gorshkov et al., 2013). ]]> 2023-06-11 20:26:59 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620363253 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620372699 Water discharge from the river is failing. Water supply systems are decaying, recycled water and reused water has decreased, and water consumption has increased. Water quality management has indicated that the water has chemical contaminants which adversely affect animals and humans. Due to the decline in water quality, freshwater intake has been reduced. Unfortunately, there has been no improvement in the water quality despite Federal government oversite and water quality management organizations (N. Ya. Shaparev & Andrianova, 2018). ]]> 2023-06-11 20:58:47 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620372699 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620374887 This short YouTube video briefly explains the river's physical parameters. The Yenisey-Angara River is home to many aquatic animals such as sturgeons and whitefish. Additionally, many communities have been built along the river. The Siberian people rely heavily on the river to sustain themselves (Wonderful World, 2023). ]]> 2023-06-11 21:06:33 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620374887 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620376805 This nine-minute video does not include any dialogue. It simply highlights the people of Siberia, Russia who live along the Yenisey-Angara River. Throughout the video, you can see the many homes, businesses, and industry which has an impact on pollution and climate change. There is a beautiful walking path along the river which is a wonderful cultural resource for tourists and residents (Yilmaz, 2017). ]]> 2023-06-11 21:13:29 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620376805 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620378925 The river is one of the longest rivers in the world. It provides food, water, and transportation for the millions who live there. The river has served as a major trading route for many years. The river faces challenges such as climate change, pollution, and the melting of permafrost (Kids MathTV, 2023). ]]> 2023-06-11 21:21:07 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620378925 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620381770 Lake Baikal is the deepest lake on Earth with a one-mile depth, it is one of the oldest lakes in the world and contains one-fifth of all the freshwater on Earth. It is home to 2,500 species, 80% of which can only be found on Lake Baikal. However, overfishing has put the lake at risk (Uncover the Mysteries of the Deepest Lake on Earth | National Geographic, 2018). ]]> 2023-06-11 21:30:29 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620381770 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620384519 This video highlights the physical aspects of the river. Furthermore, the documentary shares information from a scientist who studies Lake Baikal. Next, this video displays the various and rare aquatic life under Lake Baikal. There is a methane gas eruption that is discussed as well. Methane attracts bacteria other animals' prey on. The origin of the methane is deep underground (Lake Baikal - the Largest Lake, the Deepest Lake, the Clearest Lake!, 2020). ]]> 2023-06-11 21:41:02 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620384519 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620387166 The Yenisey-Angara River holds hydroelectric and hydropower plants along the river. These plants provide electricity to dams and reservoirs. However, they also give power to the Siberian residents of Russia as well. Dams with hydroelectric power are the "Irkutsk Dam, Bratsk Dam, Ust-llimsk Dam and the Boguchany Dam, producing an average of 4.1 billion Kilowatt-Hours (kWh), 22.7 billion kWh, 21.7 billion kWh, and 17.6 billion kWh of electricity, respectively, on an annual basis (WorldAtlas, 2021). ]]> 2023-06-11 21:49:27 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620387166 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620390005 The Russian people rely on the river to provide for them, not only financially but for sustenance. Fishing, hunting, and fur trading along the river are commonplace among the Siberian people. Fish such as sturgeons and white fish are plentiful. People also hunt around the river, as animals flock to the river for water (Yenisey River - Largest in Russia with Subarctic Climate | Britannica, n.d.).]]> 2023-06-11 22:00:17 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620390005 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620675402 This causal loop shows the relation to different variables within the system that affect the river adversely, yet that are beneficial as well. Many internal variables such as pollution, high marine traffic, and industry have impacted the river basin. Despite the federal government attempting to mitigate worsening climate change, the river has already begun to experience negative effects. While there are many more variables that could be explained, these are some of the most critical. ]]> 2023-06-12 04:25:02 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620675402 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620687443 The river is an important cultural and spiritual resource for the indigenous people of the region. The tribes of the Buryat not only rely on the river for food, but they see the Yenisey-Angara River as a sacred place. Sadly, industry has encroached upon their homes. The Baikal Environmental Wave advocacy group led protests, collected 20,000 signatures, and created flash mobs to promote the impact industry has had on its people. They were successful at blocking the expansion of a state-run uranium enrichment facility. Additionally, the group was able to close the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill which had been polluting the river for over fifty years (EJOLT, n.d.). ]]> 2023-06-12 04:39:37 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620687443 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620694903 This picture shows a Buryat tribe member of the Yenisey-Angara River practicing a spiritual ritual. The Buryat have viewed the river as a sacred place for hundreds of years. Thankfully, environmental activists have succeeded at closing paper mills and other industries. Part of the Yenisey-Angara River, Lake Baikal, is the oldest lake in the world (EJOLT, n.d.). ]]> 2023-06-12 04:48:20 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620694903 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620705836 This document is part of our Padlet assignment. I have expressed three ideas to help reduce climate change on the river. While there are more ideas and ways we can save this river, these are just a few. ]]> 2023-06-12 04:59:36 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620705836 childsca2 https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620708070 2023-06-12 05:02:02 UTC https://padlet.com/childsca2/zbyty12z0pnuc665/wish/2620708070