BIO 2870 SI by Anna-Maria Cucco

Isotonic:

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"Iso" means the same, and "tonic" means tension. The length of the muscle shortens during contraction, and the tension is maintained.

Examples:

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Lifting a book, walking

Isometric:

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"Iso" means the same, and "metric" means the length. The length stays the same while the tension doesn't exceed the load.

Examples:

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Pushing a wall

Incomplete Tetanus:

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The relaxation phase does not end. Contractions begins before relaxation phase ends, and it repeats.

Example:

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Bicep curls

Complete Tetanus:

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The relaxation phase DOES end. Contraction begins and ends fully. Contraction does not continue until the relaxation phase has ended. (Tension reaches peak tension).

Example:

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Deadlifting

Motor neurons:

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Uses all motor neurons to reach peak tension.

Summation:

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The contraction begins before relaxation ends, causing tension to build up, and muscles to work harder, or have a stronger contraction.

Muscle tone:

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Resting tension. Tension is still present, even when the muscle is relaxed. This allows for stabilization in joints, bone, and posture. Muscle fibers and motor units are still active since tension is present.

Muscle Atrophy:

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Lack of muscle use, dead fibers are not replaced.

Example:

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Cast on fractured arm

Slow twitch fibers:

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Half the diameter of fast fibers and about three times slower. More red in color bc of a high number of capillaries. More myoglobin which builds up more oxygen, making it aerobic, NOT relying on glycolysis.

Fast twitch fibers:

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Bigger in diameter and more common than slow fibers. Contain less capillaries and myoglobin meaning less oxygen supply, making it rely on glycolysis. (ANAEROBIC)

Intermediate:

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What used to be fast fibers went through hypertrophy and changed in diameter. Intermediate number of capillaries and also have a smaller amount of myoglobin than fast. Contains more oxygen than fast does, which doesn't make it rely on glycolysis as much.