https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice Chapter 18 / The Grammar Book / Page 351-371 en-us 2020-07-06 21:32:42 UTC 2023-04-11 22:30:11 UTC hello@padlet.com npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648666910 Example:]]> 2020-07-06 21:46:55 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648666910 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648669191 It is possible that the passive voice interacts with other elements in the auxiliary.
Example:

]]> 2020-07-06 21:51:45 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648669191 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648670972 GET = presents a process or event as having undergone by the subject.]]> 2020-07-06 21:55:33 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648670972 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648674608 2020-07-06 22:02:47 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648674608 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648678326 2020-07-06 22:09:27 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648678326 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648678478 2020-07-06 22:09:42 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648678478 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648679098 HAVE = can function as a passive auxillary. when it does, it is called a experiential in order to distinguish from a causitive have.]]> 2020-07-06 22:10:40 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648679098 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648680174 BE (in complex passives) = can also interact with complements, such as that-clauses and infinitives.]]> 2020-07-06 22:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648680174 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648681305 There are only certain verbs that may occur in the passive: to bear, be deemed, be fined, be hospitalized, be jailed, be scheduled, be shipped, be staffed, be suspended. ]]> 2020-07-06 22:14:49 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648681305 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648712902 It is a focus construction that exists to put the experiencer in the subject position. The subject is acted upon and is therefor passive.]]> 2020-07-06 23:21:07 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648712902 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648714036 This shows that acceptable passive sentences can be influenced by several factors:]]> 2020-07-06 23:23:49 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648714036 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648716267 Also, the subject of a passive sentence needs to be affected by the action of the verb:]]> 2020-07-06 23:28:37 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648716267 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648716785 There are times when both active and passive voice can be used, but this is usually when there is a difference in meaning or value. Particularly when there are numbers or quantifiers used.]]> 2020-07-06 23:29:52 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648716785 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648718936 The be-passive is the protypical passive verb. In contrast to get-passives which suggest responsibility on the part of the subject.]]> 2020-07-06 23:34:15 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648718936 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648720689 The adverse nature of the get-passive verb occurs with semantic categories such as physical assault (get hit), hindrance (get trapped), transference (get snatched) and verbs of emotional or mental strain (get punished).]]> 2020-07-06 23:38:17 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648720689 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648722116 Most of the time, the distinction between a passive verb and one service as an adjective will be obvious. But this is not always the case:]]> 2020-07-06 23:41:23 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648722116 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648724103 Examples:

1. The learned scholar translated all the works of Hegel. (Learned as adjective is pronounced with two syllables)

2. The congregation was blessed (verb) versus The blessed event (adjective).]]> 2020-07-06 23:45:58 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648724103 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648726453 2020-07-06 23:50:06 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648726453 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648730326 These are special verbs used to express spontaneous occurrences.  They allow the object of the transitive clause to be a subject of an intransitive clause without changing in all three voices.]]> 2020-07-06 23:58:57 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648730326 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648731501 Examples:
begin, age, bend, break, burst, change, close, condense, cool, decrease, develop, drop, dry empty, end, evaporate, finish, grow, increase, melt, open, sink, slow, spread, start, stop and tear.]]> 2020-07-07 00:01:03 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648731501 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648732091 The difference between the passive and middle constructions is that the passive suggests the existence of an agent, even if one is not explicit.

Examples:]]> 2020-07-07 00:02:17 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648732091 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648733863 Also, an ergative meaning can be expressed by intransitive verbs that take the focus of the process as subjects.]]> 2020-07-07 00:06:11 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648733863 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648736382 Some linguists reject the idea of the middle voice. Yoshimura and Taylor (2004) explained the compatibility between the middle construction and advertising. These promotional statements occur in the simple present tense because the refer to a generic aspect of the world. 
Here are some examples:]]> 2020-07-07 00:11:09 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648736382 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648738564 1. Knowing when English speakers use the passive (instead of active or the middle voice)
2. Knowing when they include a explicit agent in a passive sentence]]> 2020-07-07 00:15:25 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648738564 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648741576 There are three specific times when this might be warranted.]]> 2020-07-07 00:20:40 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648741576 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648744910 The passive is used when the agent is not mentioned because:]]> 2020-07-07 00:26:26 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648744910 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648745272 The passive is used when the patient is more closely related than the agent to the theme of the text:]]> 2020-07-07 00:27:05 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648745272 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648745671 The passive is used when the nonagent is a participant in the immediately preceding sentence.]]> 2020-07-07 00:27:50 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648745671 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648775293 The distribution of passives among genres varies. When there is more focus on the outcomes, such as in scientific writing, there is more passive voice.]]> 2020-07-07 01:17:10 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648775293 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648776801 In only 15-20% of the passives occurring in texts are agents explicitly included.

Examples:]]> 2020-07-07 01:20:06 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648776801 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648780124 2020-07-07 01:26:12 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648780124 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648780486 Many style manuals rebuke writers for using passive voice. However, it can play an important role in academic writing. Traditionally it has been thought to contribute to the overall objective tone of academic writing, but it can actually reveal the writer's stance. "Academic prose is not completely impersonal...writers gain credibility by projecting an identidy invested with individual authority, displaying confidence in their evaluations and commitment to their ideas". (p 1091). 

Example of helpful passive voice:]]> 2020-07-07 01:27:02 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648780486 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648785806 Most grammar text treat passive voice as a variant of active voice. However, it should be consider in its own category; separate from active and even middle voice. 

When working with second language learners, the biggest challenge to overcome is to understand when to use passive voice. It is better to start with the introduction of passive as a grammatical construction with a specific use of its own before moving on.]]> 2020-07-07 01:36:26 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648785806 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648787979 2020-07-07 01:40:10 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648787979 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648788918 pages 352-355]]> 2020-07-07 01:42:03 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648788918 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648789189 page 355]]> 2020-07-07 01:42:41 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648789189 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648789479 page 356]]> 2020-07-07 01:43:12 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648789479 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648789597 page 357]]> 2020-07-07 01:43:26 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648789597 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648789811 pages 357 - 358]]> 2020-07-07 01:43:51 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648789811 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648790501 page 358]]> 2020-07-07 01:44:29 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648790501 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648790737 pages 359 - 361]]> 2020-07-07 01:44:56 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648790737 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648791049 page 361]]> 2020-07-07 01:45:32 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648791049 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648791218 pages 362 - 363]]> 2020-07-07 01:45:52 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648791218 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648791421 pages 363 - 364]]> 2020-07-07 01:46:16 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648791421 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648791617 pages 364 - 365]]> 2020-07-07 01:46:37 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648791617 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648791774 page 365]]> 2020-07-07 01:46:51 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648791774 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648793945 2020-07-07 01:50:01 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648793945 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648794045 "which uses a form of the verb to tell us whether the subject is the actor or is acted upon"

two basic voices
   1. active
   2. PASSIVE]]> 2020-07-07 01:50:12 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648794045 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648794279 page 351]]> 2020-07-07 01:50:33 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648794279 npulai https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648797234 Larsen-Freeman, D., & Celce-Murcia, M. (2016). Passive Voice. In The grammar book: Form, meaning, and use for English language teachers (Third ed., pp. 351-371). Boston: National Geographic Learning, Heinle Cengage Learning.]]> 2020-07-07 01:55:04 UTC https://padlet.com/npulai/PassiveVoice/wish/648797234