Chapter 9 Study Guide by Regan Whitesinger

Habitat

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The environment where an organism lives (e.g. the habitat of a lion is the savanna).

Ecology

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The study of the relationships between organisms and their environments.

Biotic

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The living factors of an ecosystem.

Abiotic

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The nonliving factors of an ecosystem.

Ecological Niche

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How a species interacts with the environment and other species.

Predator

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The organism that eats the prey.

Prey

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The organism that is eaten by another as food.

DDT

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Insecticide used through the 70s and 90s that do not break down, and accumulate as you go up the food web.

Consumer

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An organism that gets energy from consuming other organisms.

Herbivore

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An organism that consumes plants as energy.

Carnivore

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An organism that consumes another organism as energy.

Omnivore

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An organism that consumes both plants and other organisms as energy.

Decomposer

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An organism that breaks down dead organic matter.

Food Chain

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Sequence of feeding relationships.

Food Web

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All of the food chains.

Symbiosis

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Interaction between two different species.

Mutualism

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An interaction between species where both benefit (III).

Commensalism

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An interaction between species where one benefits and the other is neither benefited nor harmed (I).

Parasitism

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An interaction between species where one is benefited and the other is harmed (II).

Cleaning Associations

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Cleaner organisms that remove the waste off of other organisms.

Symbiont

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An organism living in symbiosis with another.

Host

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An organism where the symbiont lives with.

Phytoplankton

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Photosynthethic microscopic marine algae.

Zooplankton

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Small free-floating (or weakly swimming) organisms that consume algae.

Biological Diversity

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The diversity of all living things and their interactions.

Trophic Level

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The level of an organism in a food chain.

Detritivore

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An organism that decomposes/feeds on dead matter.

Detritus

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Waste material.

Benthic

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The bottom of a body of water.

Pelagic

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The upper layers of a body of water.

Plankton

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Small organisms that drift in the water and cannot propel themselves.

Nekton

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Aquatic organisms that can swim freely.

DOM

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Dissolved organic matter. Mixture from decompostition of organisms.

Pyramid of Energy

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A pyramid that shows the flow of energy from one tropic level to the next in an ecosystem.

Pyramid of Numbers

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A pyramid that shows the total number of organisms at each level.

Exponential Population Growth

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When a populations growth rate stays the same regardless of size, thus speeding up

Competitive Exclusion

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Two species compete for the same resources, resulting in the removal of one.

Bioaccumulation/Biomagnification

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The accumulation of a substance in an organism over time/the substance becomes more concentrated as it moves along the food chain.

Interspecific Competition

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Competition between different species for the same resource.

Intraspecific Competition

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Competition between the same species for the same resource.