Despite feeling guilty about not translating her book from Italian to English, she ultimately chooses to nurture her Italian language skills without interference from her more dominant English. In doing so, she embraces the growth of her Italian, allowing it to develop at its own pace.

Definitions:

( formal ) quiet and peaceful; calm and peaceful and without noise, violence, worry, etc.

(pp.121 P3) The English is mute, fairly tranquil. Printed and bound, the brothers tolerate each other.

Sample sentence: The coming of the war changed that tranquil village into a hell on earth.

Other word forms:

1. tranquility n.

2. tranquilize v.

3. tranquilizer n. a drug used to make a person or animal calmer

Definitions:

①to treat somebody with too much care and attention;

②to cook eggs in water slightly below boiling point.

In the Chapter:

I want to protect my Italian, which I hold in my arms like a newborn. I want to coddle it.

Sample sentences:

①The parents tend to coddle their children, making it hard for them to become independent.

②She likes to coddle her cat, always giving it treats and extra attention.

2. Other Word Forms:

   - Noun: grip

   - Adjective: grippy (informal usage, describing something that has a good grip)

3. Definition: To take and keep a firm hold of; to grasp tightly.

4. In the Chapter: But, having been ni Italy for almost a year, I am now so gripped by the language that I try to avoid English as much as possible.

5. Sample Sentence: As I walked through the crowded market, I kept a firm grip on my bag to ensure its safety.

• Definitions:

  ① n. the quality of being able to bend easily or be bent easily.

  ② n. the ability to change quickly and successfully to suit different situations.

  (from Cambridge Dictionary)

• Sentence in the article:

  I'm overwhelmed by the richness, the power, the suppleness of my English.

• My sample sentence:

  I often hit the gym to keep fit, also to improve my supplement.

• When and how you plan to use the word:

  When I see someone doing yoga in the gym, I can say that he or she is might trying to improve his or her suppleness.

1. Word with Pronunciation and Part of Speech: insipid (ɪnˈsɪp.ɪd) (adj.)

2. Other word Forms: insipidly, insipidness

3. Definition: not having a strong taste or character, or having no interest or energy

4. Sample sentence from the text: "it seems insipid, dull, incapable of expressing my new thoughts." (p.117)

5. Sample sentences: "a pale insipid wine."

I, AM, THE CENTER, OF UNIVERSE!

——The author felt alienated while transforming between Italian and English 'brain', just like you happened to meet your ex-lover on the street.

——The author uses this metaphor to describe the unequal and disharmonious state between English as her mother tongue and Italian as a newly learned language when she was translating Italian into English.

maternity leave (for) (rank first, the most common one)

——(a period of time when a woman temporarily leaves her job to have a baby)

maternity ward (≈inpatient ward)

maternity care

maternity hospital

(many are related to the medical care)

+ADJ

maternity paid

PREP+

on maternity

in the maternity

Collocations: unfaithful....

1. to

2. Lord

3. in

▲You can also say "coddle egg" because the word "coddle" has another meaning. It means to cook eggs in water slightly below boiling point.

Definition: To align or position something relative to a specific direction or to familiarize someone with new surroundings or circumstances.

Common Collocations:

1. Orient oneself: This collocation means to find one’s position or direction in a new or unfamiliar setting.

• Example: “After getting lost in the city, I used the map to orient myself.”

2. Orient to: Used to describe aligning or positioning something in a specific direction.

• Example: “The architect designed the building to orient to the east.”

3. Orient towards: Often used in a metaphorical sense to direct attention or effort towards something.

• Example: “The new policy is oriented towards improving customer satisfaction.”

4. Orient students: Used in educational contexts to mean introducing or familiarizing students with a new environment or system.

• Example: “The first week of college is designed to orient students to campus life.”

Noun: Orient

Definition: Refers to the countries of East Asia, particularly China, Japan, and other nearby nations. Historically, it carried connotations of exoticism and luxury.

Common Collocations:

1. The Orient: This phrase often evokes images of East Asia in historical or literary contexts.

• Example: “Traders traveled to the Orient to bring back spices and silk.”

2. Orient Express: Refers to the famous long-distance passenger train service that originally connected Paris to Istanbul, symbolizing luxury and travel to the East.

• Example: “The novel ‘Murder on the Orient Express’ by Agatha Christie is a classic mystery.”

3. Oriental goods: Refers to products originating from East Asia, often used in historical contexts.

• Example: “The market was filled with oriental goods, including porcelain and tea.”

Analysis:

①Youdao translation uses the word stinky instead of smelly. "stinky" is less commonly used than "smelly" and has a stronger tone. The Oxford Dictionary’s definition of stinky is having an extremely bad smell, and the definition of smelly is having an unpleasant smell.

②The original text is sleeping, and most translation software translates it into resting. Rest means to relax, sleep or do nothing after a period of activity or illness; to not use a part of your body for some time, and sleep means to rest with your eyes closed and your mind and body not active. The difference between them is that rest can take many forms. To say that someone is resting may mean that he is sleeping, or it can also mean that he is just lying down, or sitting quietly and relaxing. Sleep means it has entered sleep state. The original text uses sleeping to emphasize the author's hope that her English will not interfere with her Italian.

③DeepL uses the word molest, which means to attack somebody, especially a child, sexually. Other translation tool use bother, which means to interrupt somebody; to talk to somebody when they do not want to talk to you.

(Yijia) 和意大利语相比，我的英语像一个毛茸茸、臭臭的青年。走开，我真想对它说，不要打扰你的小弟弟，他在睡觉。他不是一个可以跑来跑去和玩的生物。

(GPT4) 与意大利语相比，我的英语就像一个多毛、臭烘烘的青少年。“走开，”我想对它说。“不要打扰你的小弟弟，他在睡觉。他不是一个可以跑来跑去玩耍的生物。”

(google) 与意大利语相比，我的英语就像一个毛茸茸的臭少年。走开吧，我想对它说。别打扰你弟弟，他正在睡觉。他不是一个能跑来跑去玩耍的生物。

(deepL) 与意大利语相比，我的英语就像一个毛茸茸、臭烘烘的少年。走开，我想对它说。别打扰你弟弟，他在睡觉。他可不是能到处跑着玩的动物。

Analysis:

1.The main difference between these translation is the way they translate the two words 'hairy' and 'creature'.

2.Literal translation and sense-for-sense translation.

Literal translation pays more attention to the meaning of each word itself, while sense-for-sense translation pays more attention to the context and the background of the article.

Compared to English, the Japanese translation sounds politer because it uses honorific, which literally makes the context more formal. And the usage of the word [悩む] which means 'to be worried; to be troubled' in English, is quite different from the word 'bother'. It's more emotional and has the meaning of 'worry' which 'bother' doesn't have.

(pp.119) I feel an emotion even more intense, morepure, more transcendent for my children. Maternity is a visceral bond, an unconditional love, a devotion that goes beyond attraction and compatibility.

(GPT4) Итали хэлтэй харьцуулахад миний англи хэл үсэрхэг, муухай үнэртэй өсвөр насны хүүхэд шиг юм. Түүнд "Явж үз," гэж хэлмээр байна. "Бяцхан дүүгээ бүү саад бол, тэр унтаж байна. Тэр гүйж, тоглож чадах амьтан биш."

(GPT4) 이탈리아어와 비교하면, 내 영어는 털이 많고 냄새나는 십대 같다. "저리 가,"라고 말하고 싶다. "작은 동생을 귀찮게 하지 마, 그는 자고 있어. 그는 뛰어다니며 놀 수 있는 존재가 아니야."

(deepL) Comparé à l'italien, mon anglais est comme un adolescent poilu et malodorant. Va-t'en, je veux lui dire. Ne dérange pas ton petit frère, il dort.

(deepL) Verglichen mit dem Italienischen ist mein Englisch wie ein haariger, stinkender Teenager. Geh weg, möchte ich ihm sagen. Störe deinen kleinen Bruder nicht, er schläft.

'Although he'll remain forever the younger brother, the little guy pulls through.'

'pull through' means 'continue to exist or live after a serious problem or illness'. Here what the author means is that, she finally manages to speak Italian fluently in the dialogue after overcoming so many obstacles.

1.a movement down.

2.the state or fact of being related to a particular person or group of people who lived in the past.

Collocations:

(n.+prep.) descent into, descent from, descent to

• His descent into crime was rapid.

• There is a steep descent to the village below.

• The evidence supports our descent from a common ancestor.

(adj.+n.) African descent, European descent, Asian descent

(prep.+the+n.) on the descent, in the descent

~~ Orient (Verb)

The verb "orient" means to align or position something relative to the points of a compass or another specified direction. It can also mean to familiarize someone with new surroundings or circumstances. For example, "The map helped me orient myself in the new city."

~~ Orient (Noun)

When capitalized as "Orient," it refers to the countries of East Asia, particularly China, Japan, and other nearby nations. This usage has historically been common but has seen a decline over the years. The term can sometimes carry outdated or exotic connotations. For example, "The trade routes to the Orient were well-known for their luxury goods."

~~ Analysis of the Diagram

The red line representing "Orient" (noun) shows a significant peak in usage around the early 20th century, likely due to the geopolitical and cultural interest in East Asia during that period. This usage has steadily declined since then.

The green line for "orient" (verb) indicates a more consistent usage over time, with a gradual increase in recent decades. This suggests that while the geographical and cultural reference has declined, the practical use of the term as a verb remains relevant.

The orange line for "ORIENT" (all uppercase) shows minimal usage, indicating that this form is rarely used or may not be significant in common texts.