·      Written directions

·      Text to speech

·      Sample student responses

·      Small groups

·      Stations

·      Wait time

·      Working with others

·      Sentence starters

·      Presentations

·      Group work

·      Intentional grouping

·      Graphic organizers

·      Exit tickets 

·      Fishbowl 

·      Cooperative learning

·      Allow for reflection time

·      Think aloud

·      Group discussion 

·      video tape argument with the rubric

·      Vocabulary

·      Structured times for talking

·      Scribing

·      Questioning

·      Diverse groups

·      Diverse groups that think differently

·      Reciprocal learning

·      Oral problem-solving

·      Teacher modeling

·      Manipulatives