Unit 11 by Ilakkiya Venkatachalam

We like "us" and "ours" more than we like "them" and "theirs"

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-06 12:30:18 UTC

Social Psychology

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-06 12:30:38 UTC

Social Psychology: scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

How do people think, feel, and behave?
How are they influenced by their social environments?

Attitude

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-06 12:34:44 UTC

Attitude: belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events {the way you approach a problem}

many factors contribute to the development of attitudes

external
imitation: social learning (albert bandura)
reinforcement: operant conditioning (bf skinner)
others: peers / family / school
exposure: to outside influences (social media / when item occurs / consistency with schema)
internal
prospective: what we pay attention to, how we interpret it, connect the current situation to related experiences in memory (social cognitive perspective)

social learning

Social Schema

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-06 12:42:59 UTC

schemas: pattern of thought that organize our experiences
person schemas: how we think someone would be acting
situation schemas: different kinds of social situations (dinner or library?)
role schemas: represent shared expectations for a person in a role (a student should pay attention)
relationship schemas: represent expectations about self and others in unique relationships

heuristic is a mental shortcut
representative heuristic to group things

Attitudes and Behavior

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-06 12:51:32 UTC

What affects your behavior?
Attribution theory
Dispositional attribution: a person's stable enduring traits
Situation attribution:the situation
you can attribute it to either internal motivation or situation

internal attitudes + external motivation = behavior

Attitudes are relatively stable

Attitude Formation and Change
Self-monitoring: tendency to be concerned with one's public image and adjust their actions to fit the needs of the current situation

High self-monitors look for cures on how their expected to behave
Low self-monitors express and act on their attitudes

Fundamental Attribution Error:
overestimating the influence of personality and underestimating the influence of situation

Attitude Formation and Change (cont.)

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-06 13:08:09 UTC

Mere Exposure Effect: the more one is exposed to an item, the more one will like it (me liking zeel rip)

Racism

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-12 12:29:40 UTC

prejudice and discrimination directed at particular racial group

Group Biases

ingroup: "us," people with whom we share a common identity
outgroup: "them," those perceived as different or apart from ingroup
scapegoating: blaming one person or group for everything

Just World Phenomenon

people get what they deserve
dispositional attribution

Overcoming Racism

recategorization: try to expand our schema for a particular group
controlled mental processing: train ourselves to be more mindful of people who differ from us
superordinate goals: relations are improves when groups come together to cooperate with shared goals

Performance in Groups

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-12 12:45:43 UTC

contact theory: needs one-on- one contact with other group members
social facilitation: through the presence of others, behavior is increased or enhanced (free throw-basketball)
social inhibition: in the presence of others, behavior is decreased
Prosocial Behavior (in groups)
bystander intervention: conditions under which people nearby are more or less likely to help someone in trouble
bystander effect: helpfulness decreases as # of bystanders increase (aka diffusion of reponsibility)
pluralistic ignorance: we think we are the only one with the question, but there might be others who don't know, and the only way to find out is to ask
pluralistic influence: people decide what constitutes an emergency by looking at others (if no one else is asking your question, don't ask it)

mood can affect willingness to help
feel good do good phenomenon
cultures differ in amount of help offered in response to requests for minor help

Stereotypes

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-12 12:46:13 UTC

[OVER]generalized beliefs about a group of people (attitude//a heuristic)
a set of characteristics believed to be shared by all members of a social category

3 types
public: what we say to other about a group
private: what we consciously think, but don't say to others
implicit: unconscious mental associations guiding our judgments (you see a black man holding something unclear, more people say its a gun even if its a phone)

Helping Behavior

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-12 13:09:38 UTC

Altruistic Behavior: helping behavior that is not linked to personal gain (pay it forward)

increased when in good mood, feel a sense of responsibility, have been taught/modeled helping behavior

Conformity

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-13 12:30:09 UTC

Solomon Asch: the experiment where the subject has to identify lines of the same length
strongest when...

attraction to group
3 people in the group
unanimous vs. dissention
public vs. private
prior commitment of individual
motivation of individual - status
men are more likely to conform (historically speaking, the men assimilate first)
culture (collective vs. individualistic)

Obedience

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-13 12:49:38 UTC

compliance with a demand
milgram experiment: supposed shocks went from 15-450 - shock ratings varied from mild to XXX
controversial because "teachers" experienced stress and were deceived

Test Prep

ilakkiyaven2598 — 2018-04-18 12:29:56 UTC

twitter

@psych_review {the best one}
@phineasthegage
@ap_psychology

follow the calendar
go to the review sessions
and come prepared to review those topics
practice ap test: april 25, limited space, sign up
AP Test Outline
100 mcq in 70 minutes (2/3 of the score and 42 seconds per question)
2 frq in 50 minutes
Semester II Final Exam
65 mcq's
1 frq-7 terms
5/2-wed-frq and 19 mcq's
5/3-thurs-remaining mcq's