Phylogenetic Trees and Cladograms by Kaelyn Kim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm Made with good vibes en-us 2016-12-11 02:11:17 UTC 2016-12-13 03:41:56 UTC hello@padlet.com Essential Knowledge 1.B.2 kaelynkim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143030284 Phylogenetic trees and cladograms are graphical representations (models) of evolutionary history that can be tested.]]> 2016-12-12 01:10:22 UTC https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143030284 Reading Phylogenetic Trees kaelynkim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143030569
  • Branch point (or node): divergence of 2 species
  • Sister Taxa: groups with an immediate common ancestor
    • ]]>     2016-12-12 01:16:21 UTC https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143030569     What do phylogenetic trees do? kaelynkim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143030698 - show speciation
    - show lost traits
    - show common ancestry]]>     2016-12-12 01:19:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143030698     Outgroup Comparisons kaelynkim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143030799
  • Outgroup: a species that is closely related to the various species studied
  • Homologies shared by the outgroup and ingroup are ancestral characters that come before the two groups split from a common ancestor.
    • ]]>     2016-12-12 01:21:22 UTC https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143030799     2 Phylogenetic Principles kaelynkim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143030891
  •  Maximum Parsimony: that the evolutionary tree with the least evolutionary events is the correct explanation.
  • Maximum Likelihood: Given certain rules about how DNA changes over time, a tree can be found that reflects the most likely sequence of evolutionary events.
    • ]]>     2016-12-12 01:23:50 UTC https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143030891     Phlyogenetic Bracketing kaelynkim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143031124 allows us to conjecture characteristics of an ancestor based on the traits of its descendants. ]]> 2016-12-12 01:27:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143031124 Phlyogenetic Bracket kaelynkim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143031125 Predicting features of an ancestor by looking at the traits of its descendants.]]> 2016-12-12 01:27:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143031125 Creating Phylogenetic Trees kaelynkim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143031283
  • Derived Character: evolutionary novelty unique to a clade.
  • Ancestral Character: a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon.
    • ]]>     2016-12-12 01:32:01 UTC https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143031283     Illustrative Example: Heart Chambers (DERIVED) kaelynkim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143272774 4 chambered hearts was a derived characteristic of endotherms such as mammals and birds in order for them to provide more fuel and oxygen to their tissues.]]> 2016-12-13 03:14:28 UTC https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143272774 Illustrative Example: Absence of Legs in Sea Mammals (LOST) kaelynkim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143272945 As land mammals evolved into sea mammals such as modern-day whales, traits such as legs were lost.]]> 2016-12-13 03:17:47 UTC https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143272945 Big Idea 1 kaelynkim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143274330 The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life.]]> 2016-12-13 03:41:13 UTC https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143274330 Enduring Understanding 1.B: kaelynkim https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143274351 Organisms are linked by lines of descent from common ancestry.]]> 2016-12-13 03:41:45 UTC https://padlet.com/kaelynkim/z63ljp6muikm/wish/143274351