Conceptualizing Community Health & Exploring Example Applications: Goodman et al. (2014), Nickel (2020) and Bunnel et al (2012) readings (PHD1123 Spring 2023) by Andrew Springer https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd en-us 2022-12-02 23:04:59 UTC 2023-01-31 21:27:06 UTC hello@padlet.com Explore the following questions. Use "sticky notes + function" to 'think, share & discuss'. Appoint a presenter to share back key points with larger group. andrewespringer https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2407215581 1)Health Topics & Community Outcomes: Based on the Communities Putting Prevention to Work initiative (Bunnel et al, 2012) and Nickel & von dem Knesebeck (2020) review, what have been topic areas of past community health interventions (obesity? substance use?). What have been some of the main outcomes studied? 

2)Approaches: Describe examples of policy, systems & environmental approaches applied.  Any innovative approaches to highlight?

3)Positive yet limited effects: According to Nickel & von dem Knesebeck (2020) review: “Despite the high number of studies that found positive effects, the impact of the interventions seemed to be rather limited. This holds especially true for large-scale community programs.”
What were the reasons given for limited effects? Other reasons?

4.) How can we enhance community health intervention practice & research?
]]> 2022-12-02 23:04:59 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2407215581 2.) Approaches: Community Health Interventions and PES Changes andrewespringer https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2407215582 Based on Bunnel et al (2012) and Nickel and von dem Knesebeck (2020) readings, list examples of community health interventions and policy, environmental and systems change applications. What interventions/changes interested you?]]> 2022-12-02 23:04:59 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2407215582 1.) Community Health Promotion Topic Areas andrewespringer https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2407215583 Based on the readings, what are examples of outcomes that were targeted by community health promotion interventions?]]> 2022-12-02 23:04:59 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2407215583 3.) Challenges with Community Health Interventions andrewespringer https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2407215584 Nickel and von dem Knesebeck (2020) found limited effects for their review. a.) What were reasons for those limited effects? b.) What are additional challenges with community health research and practice based on the readings?]]> 2022-12-02 23:04:59 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2407215584 4.) How can we enhance comm. health intervention research and practice? andrewespringer https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2407215585 2022-12-02 23:04:59 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2407215585 Outcomes https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2447638368 Obesity and tobacco use reduction
-Lorena]]> 2023-01-18 00:28:45 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2447638368 Improving nutrition https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2447650673 It was very interesting to learn about the different levels of strategies that were implemented to improve nutrition outcomes. For example, almost all communities focused on enhancing access to healthy food and used media strategies to promote healthy food and beverage choices. More than half of the programs worked with SNAP beneficiaries, and promoted breastfeeding through baby-friendly hospitals and workplaces.
-Lorena

]]> 2023-01-18 00:45:39 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2447650673 Large-scale community programs https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2447874934 These programs had limited changes in primary health outcomes. One explanation is that the dosage of activities was low, and the interventions often reached small groups.
-Lorena]]> 2023-01-18 05:54:27 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2447874934 Involve target groups in all processes https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2447878931 It is important to maintain an open channel with the target population, to understand their situation and co-create solutions by involving them during all the steps of the community health intervention, including planning, implementation and evaluation.
-Lorena]]> 2023-01-18 05:59:36 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2447878931 Contextual effects https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2450518087 One key explanation is that people in populations with low socio-economic status, high unemployment rates and a large percentage of migrants have restricted options and scope for action. This can hinder the effectiveness of such interventions
-JJ]]> 2023-01-20 00:37:36 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2450518087 Limited Effects https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451541958 Possible reasons are 1) methodological limitations, 2) concurrent context(ual) effects, and 3) limitations of the interventions used. (Sharon)]]> 2023-01-20 20:39:50 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451541958 Outcome: Increased Physical Activity https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451543904 (Sharon)]]> 2023-01-20 20:42:47 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451543904 Increasing Physical Activity and Walkability https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451545610 Done in 97% or 39 of the total communities in support of obesity prevention (Bunnel, 2012) 

Six ‘walkability’ initiatives to enhance the physical environment. (Nickel, 2020). 

(Sharon)]]> 2023-01-20 20:45:15 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451545610 Define "Community Health" for all Community Partners https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451550720 Define and explain to communities and their partners that 
"community health" is characterized by better health and quality of life for members of the community (Goodman, 2014). Quality of life improvement is the ultimate goal. (Sharon)]]> 2023-01-20 20:53:03 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451550720 "Up Front "Time Investment is Needed https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451553650 Most community capacities (e.g., participation and community structures) grew in the studies cited, but the authors note that this process required a significant “up front” time investment before health outcomes data could demonstrate change. -(Sharon)]]> 2023-01-20 20:57:33 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451553650 Outcome example https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451695574 Walkability to improve the physical environment
-Ghia]]> 2023-01-21 03:55:02 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451695574 Limitations https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451696939 a. Some challenges in their review was that the studies in extracted has too many varieties in population characteristics (e.g., culture, ethic, socioeconomic backgrounds) which can impact measurable effects.
b. Additional challenges in community health research and practice includes high drop-out rates which negatively impact the program effect. 
-Ghia]]> 2023-01-21 04:00:32 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451696939 Future Directions https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451697881 To enhance community health intervention research and practice it will be important to invest in collaborating with community residents and stakeholders from beginning to end (e.g., program planning, implementation, and evaluation) to make sure everyone who needs to be at table is present; this helps to strengthen community capacity and empowerment to increase sustainability of the efforts being implemented.
-Ghia]]> 2023-01-21 04:04:35 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451697881 Healthy Lifestyle Intervention https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451699045 Sarrafzadegan et al (2012): the quasi-experimental study about the education of healthy cooking and healthy lifestyle training for high-risk groups. 
-Ghia]]> 2023-01-21 04:09:24 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2451699045 Outcome: Improve nutrition https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2452112089 Promotion of healthy foods and drinks
-JJ]]> 2023-01-22 00:49:31 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2452112089 Nutrition interventions https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2452113124 reducing sodium through purchasing actions and restaurant standards - it's imperative to tackle this issue of excess sodium intake at the policy level to limit the temptation available to the public
-JJ]]> 2023-01-22 00:53:23 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2452113124 Be fully representative of the population https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2452115001 I think planning long-term, sustainable solutions in a community can only occur if all potential stakeholders and sociodemographic groups are able to participate in some capacity.
-JJ]]> 2023-01-22 00:56:11 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2452115001 Dietary behavior (e.g. fat and meat consumption) https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2453926592 -Yiqun]]> 2023-01-23 21:23:44 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2453926592 Potential publication bias? https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2453932858 From the Nicek and von dem Knesebeck article, I was struck by the fact that all the interventions included showed some kind of significant results. I wonder if this is an indication of publication bias? Personally I'm even more interested in the interventions that failed to show significant results. So that future practitioners can avoid unnecessary efforts. -Yiqun]]> 2023-01-23 21:30:21 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2453932858 Contextual/spill-over effects https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2453938870 Possible effects may have been masked by contextual
or ‘spill-over’ effects, both in the intervention and
the control areas. Also people living in deprived environments have restricted scope for action. 
- Yiqun]]> 2023-01-23 21:37:57 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2453938870 Thorough needs assessment beforehand https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2453944919 We talked about equity (thanks to the super impressive picture Taylor presented) last week. Different population has different needs and have various starting point. Accurate and effective needs assessment can guide us better utilize limited resources on the populations who need help the most.
- Yiqun]]> 2023-01-23 21:45:35 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2453944919 Outcome examples https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2454329963 Healthy eating behaviors, fruit and vegetable intake, breastfeeding, stress management, BMI, waist circumference, CVD risk factors, intensity of physical activity -Chishinga]]> 2023-01-24 08:29:05 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2454329963 Interventions https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2454366731 In Bunnell et al. (2012), the nutrition promotion interventions were of interest to me. I liked that 85% of the communities were supporting local food production and promoting school and home gardens. I liked the intervention by De Heer et al. (2015) from the systematic review that included a comprehensive outreach program on heart healthy behavior, cooking and dancing classes, walking groups, etc., and a capacity building component.-Chishinga]]> 2023-01-24 09:07:18 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2454366731 Limitations https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2454402991 Low dosages of the intervention, short duration of the implementation phase (unable to carry out all program activities), self-reported measures (may not be validated)
-Chishinga]]> 2023-01-24 09:40:37 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2454402991 Include the community and incorporate multiple levels https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2454430189 I believe that it is imperative that to incorporate the community throughout the process-planning, development, testing, and implementation of the community health intervention and to recognize that there a multiple factors and inequitable systems at play that have created health disparities. In the systematic review article, I liked the approach of the socio-ecological paradigm of health that highlighted the collaboration between user-addressed intervention (targeting changes at the individual, interpersonal, community levels) and the structured intervention (build up community capacity). This also needs to be considered moving forward. -Chishinga]]> 2023-01-24 10:04:41 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2454430189 Outcomes https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2455075911 Tobacco cessation and obesity interventions - TC]]> 2023-01-24 17:44:01 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2455075911 Policy Changes https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2455084243 One of the interventions that interested me were the smoke-free policy changes adopted to reduce tobacco use. The adoption among communities as discussed in Bunnell show the efficacy of these policies and support more widespread adoption. - TC]]> 2023-01-24 17:49:28 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2455084243 Comprehensive approaches https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2455087616 We can adopt comprehensive approaches to program interventions. Introducing primary interest groups in the planning process to weigh opportunities for improvement is key. Additionally, finding ways to mirror policy level interventions over time and how those can impact individual and organizational level change. - TC]]> 2023-01-24 17:51:32 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2455087616 Challenges and Limitations https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2455094925 Application to communities with multiple variables that may impact the problem at hand. Cost and resource limitations present significant problems for developing interventions that meet outcome changes. - TC]]> 2023-01-24 17:53:16 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewespringer/z5ky0m7p487ycekd/wish/2455094925