Current watering condition: Full watering, 1 - 2 times/ week (alot of roots)

Sun: Direct sun

Fertilizer: Yes

Current watering condition: Full watering, 1 - 2 times/ week (alot of roots)

Sun: Direct/ shady sun

Fertilizer: Yes

Current watering conditon: Spray wet the soil, 2 times/

week(no indirect sun)

After 3 to 4 months - reduce water volume or watering frequency (when plant get older, they prefer slightly dryer soil.)

Sun: Indirect sun

Fertilizer: No or use diluted liquid fertilizer only

optimal temperature: 18 - 27C

high temperature: 35 - 40C

Dormancy: -10C

Current watering condition: Half watering, 1 time/week (no indirect sun)

Sun: Direct sun

Fertilizer: Yes diluted liquid fertilizer

Optimal: 15 - 32C (water 25% to keep moist, early spring)

Dormancy: below 15C

Roots 1 cm above the soil, 蘆頭 must exposed to prevent roting. use coco fibre to cover loosely the 蘆頭.

Current watering condition: Spray wet the soil, 1 time/week (no indirect sun)

Sun: Direct sun

Fertilizer: Yes

1) use very small pot/ use big pot but shallow soil (checking roots

2) Less sunlight/ very little roots ---> use very little water, water in the morning

3) no roots ---> spray 1x and no fertilizer

4) 1-2 week after planting ---> water daily. 3 - 12 weeks after planting ---> water every 2-3 weeks. After 12 weeks ---> water weekly until roots are established 1 year.

Grow activated Bifidobacterium:

Bacteria, sugar and water. Innoculate for 24 hours and pour in moist soil.

Before use dilute 1:1000

use in Spring Summer Autumn

Spring and Summer:

1. Add 1 - 2ml of liquid Fertilizer into 200ml of water container

2. Pour gently into dry soil and wait for 1 hour.

3. Pour water gently to soak and flush down the entire flower pot with water until water leak out (perform 3X).

4. Drill holes in soil

** Ensure the soil is dry before the next watering cycle

Autumn: Pour 200ml - 400 ml of water gently into the flower pot in morning (Moist-dry soil, not soggy condition).

Winter/ rainy days: Spray water only (limit water) or 200ml in the afternoon (maintain moist-dry soil condition). water temperature is room temperature.

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Current watering condition: Pour 200ml of water (no indirect sun)

Sun: Direct/indirect sun and Windy

Fertilizer: Yes, diluted fertiliser

Thai Watercress

Optimal temperature: 10 - 24 C

High temperature: 29C

Pennywort

Optimal 15 - 21C

High 35 - 40C

Repotting

. remove 1/3 to 1/2 old soil (remove old root and bacteria)

. add moist new soil (use soft black soil)

. put in small/same size pot with many holes( 乾濕循環)

. pour water 2X 3X （澆透 泥土）

. put under direct sunlight(10 - 16 days)

. no fertilizer in 1st month

. no leaves no fertilizer

After 1 year or 2 years, plant not nice.

In September.

Situation 2:

After repotting, plant appearance slim branches, yellow leaf, 悶根, control water, leaf drop.

upper soil moist and bottom soil dry

Cut branches ---> avoid rainy days, bacteria

1. Black stem/ green stem

   cut flower, dry stem, black stem, keep leaves. Go Repot.

2. Too little leaf, dropping leaf, new 苗 dry up --->too much water in soil ---> root problem, bacteria.

   dry up branches, yellow leaves, slim branches. Go Repot and put chopstick in soil

3. No leaves ---> bottom stem no black --->OK. Bottom stem black ---> throw away. Cause by root problem. Cut away slim branches, black stem cut slightly more. Go Repot.

do not cut/ level up the top branches and leaves.

Growing shoots in Autumn:

unhealthy plants (little leaves, yellow leaves/ branches, dry branches, drop leaves, slim branches). cut away the unhealthy parts. Cause by root problem. Go Repot ---> may choose a slightly bigger pot if white root have alot.

healthy plant ( alot of green leaves)

cut the flower, remove a little leaves at bottom to show bottom stem.

Repot

Allow sunlight to reach the bottom stem.

no Fertilizer - no leaves or roots.

root cannot breath in soil, poor growth, wlited

2. Symptom

a. dry soil, plant wilted, dry up ---> lack of water

b. wet soil, plant wilted, leaf vein clear, yellow leaf, leaf edge brown ---> too much water

3. cause of 悶根

frequent watering, dry wet cycle not good, over use of clay / sticky soil, Repot --->soil poor drainage, young arrive plant ---> poor ventilation.

4. solution

   stop watering, drill holes in soil, if soil too hard - add fermented goat Fertilizer.

15 - 25 deg C - growing

10 deg C - stop growing

5 deg C - sleep

flowering plants - flower fall ( not die) then leaves fall

Water gives to flower then leaves

leaves plant - leave darken then leaves fall then bottem old leaves turn yellow. water give to new leaves.

After watering the plant, 4th day plant fall means 3rd day need to water plant. 3rd day fall means 2nd day water plant.

B) water limitation ( soil dry moist cycle)

plant grow slowly or stop growing

leaves drop ( green/ yellow)

Best method to use is :

plant physical appearance and soil dry moist cycle.

1) plant fall

check soil - dry

check pot - light weight

means lack of water

so add water

2) plant fall

check soil - moist or too much water

means root rot, plants cannot absorb water and lead to lack of water. so Repot use new dry soil.

Water too much

B) soil too hard

root unable to develop well, poor water absorption especially during 35C, 悶土根.

35C soil temperature disrupt root growth. need to change soil.

change water routine

give more water or less water

1) soil cannot dry/ no air circulation in soil/ no airy soil.

Have alot of water cause root rot and bacteria growth.

Solution: 1 time watering last 2- 5 days to dry, then control water volume.

Solution: drill holes in soil, add stone to increase air inside the soil. Make soil drier.

Closed window plant die

2) Temp increase

some plant does not like hot weather, so need wind to cool down.

Solution: plant move away from hot/warm area. Put a fan.

need 通風

purpose decrease temperature

air moisture take away heat

leaves have air circulation

2)梅雨季節

need 通風

increase humidity, bacteria growth, leaves diseases, stem and root rot

3)After watering plant

need 通風/ air circulation in soil

悶土根

Solution: put at window during sunny day

4) humidity

new plant bring home

environment adaptation

old leaves yellow and drop

solution: need to increase humidity, spray water on leaves.

new plant change pot/ repot - increase soil humidity.

air roots - increase humidity to prevent air root dry up/ flatten/ rot

new shoot growing and 蘆頭 surrounding increase humidity

flowerpot/ soil humidity/ air circulation maintain

soil wetness Vs drainage (stone partial size)

Indoor plants: switch on fan, 1 - 2 hours

High humidity:

白粉病

灰霉病

黑班病

霜霉病 humidity 100%, early morning water droplet on leaves

Low humidity:

紅蜘蛛

sign/ symptoms

leaves drop

less leaves

Water evaporation low

悶土根

root rot

Black stem

solution

short rain - use preventive spray

long rain - use treatment spray

Sunset: W

Mar - Sept (Spring - Summer time): E - NE

Sept - Mar (Autumn - Winter): E - SE

Mar - Sept (Spring - Summer time): W - NW

Sept - Mar (Autumn - Winter): W - SW

Dec - Mar: N - NE

SW Monsoon wind

Jun - Sept: S - SE

other months: variable light wind

Dec - Mar: NE Monsoon period

Dec/Jan: wetter

Feb: less wet

Mar - May: Inter monsoon period, variable light wind

Jun - Sept: SW monsoon

Jun/Jul: hotter

Aug/Sept: less hot more heat

Every 7 - 10 years: switch between El Nino/ La Nina. It change the climate of the year.

El Nino: Hotter year

La Nina: Cooler year