*The branch of linguistics and logic concerned with meaning
*Blt studies the sounds patterns that occur within languages
*Pragmatics is the study of how context affects meaning

* I, you, he, she, it, we, they
*here. there, over there
* Now, then, soon, tomorrow

*here, there, over there
* Now, then, soon, tomorrow
*my, your, his, her, our, their 

*Now, then, soon, tomorrow
*I, you, he, she, it, we, they
*Here, there, over there

*It refers to the gestures, pointing, or nodding when we talk
* It refers to a situation in which there is an exchange of information
* It refers to what has been said already in the utterance

*It refers to what has been said already in the utterance
*it describes how speakers of a language use language to make promises. lay bets, issue warnings, christen boats, nominate people for a position, congratulate someone, or swear testimony
* It is a situation that must be true for utterances to be appropiate

* It is a situation that must be true for utterances to be appropiate
* We use it when we give someone to understand or suggest indirectly through what we say rather than stating it explicity what we think about something
* it describes how speakers of a language use language to make promises. lay bets, issue warnings, christen boats, nominate people for a position, congratulate someone, or swear testimony

*Do not make your contrinution more informative than is required
*Do not say what you believe to be false
* Avoid unnecessary wordiness

*Avoid oscurity of expression
* Be ordely
* Make your contribution as informative as is required for the current purposes of the exchange

*Avoid unnecessary wordiness
* Be relevant 
* Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence

* inferences drawn from a phrase in context
* additional meaning beyond reference
* True situations for phrases to be appropiate

* Semantics relationships
* States of affairs with sentences which are ambiguous             
* People use language to do things like warning, nominating, reminding, etc

* Overtly in the case performative verbs
* It is determined from context with other verbs
* With performative verbs ti is mentioned overtly while with other verbs it is determined by context 

a.       There is obstruction of the airstream when you pronounce a vowel 

b.      There is some obstruction of the airstream when you pronounce a vowel 

c.       There is no obstruction of the airstream when you pronounce a vowel.

2.      Wat are high vowels? 

a.       [i], [y], [ɨ], [ʉ], [ɯ], [u] 

b.      [ɪ], [ʏ], [ɪ̈], [ʊ̈], [ʊ]

c.        [ɪ], [ʏ], [ɪ̈], [ʊ̈], [ʊ], [i], [y], [ɨ], [ʉ], [ɯ], [u] 

3.      What are low Vowels? 

a.       [æ], [a], [ɐ], [ɑ], [ɒ] 

b.      [i], [y], [ɨ], [ʉ], [ɯ], [u] 

c.       [ə]

4.      The a in "had," the e in "bed," and the i in “fit" are... 

a.       front vowels. 

b.      back vowels 

c.       none

5.      A… vowel--e.g., the u in rule" and the o in "pole"-is produced with the... part of the tongue raised toward the soft palate (velum). 

a.       back 

b.      front 

c.       none of the above

6.      What does tense mean with respect to vowels? 

a.       It refers to the extra muscle tension we make when we produce some vowels

b.      It refers when we pronounce vowels without muscle tension 

c.       None of the above.

7.      Choose the examples of lax vowels 

a.       boat, hat, boy 

b.      bit, bet, book 

c.       beat, boot, bait

8.      Choose the examples of tense vowels 

a.       put, about, hut 

b.      moot, tea, pea 

c.       high, saw, book

9.      What are diphthongs? 

a.       A union of three vowels (letters or sounds) pronounced in one syllable (as in some pronunciations of our) 

b.      It is a group of two or more consonant sounds that come before (onset), after (coda) or between (medial) 

c.       They are sounds formed by combining two vowel sounds in one syllable

10.  What are the major phonetic classes? 

a.       All the languages have two major phonetic classes: consonants and vowel sounds, though some play dual 

b.      All the languages have two major phonetic classes: consonants and vowel sounds, though none of them play dual roles 

c.       None of the above

a.       There is obstruction of the airstream when you pronounce a vowel 

b.      There is some obstruction of the airstream when you pronounce a vowel 

c.       There is no obstruction of the airstream when you pronounce a vowel.

2.      Wat are high vowels? 

a.       [i], [y], [ɨ], [ʉ], [ɯ], [u] 

b.      [ɪ], [ʏ], [ɪ̈], [ʊ̈], [ʊ]

c.        [ɪ], [ʏ], [ɪ̈], [ʊ̈], [ʊ], [i], [y], [ɨ], [ʉ], [ɯ], [u] 

3.      What are low Vowels? 

a.       [æ], [a], [ɐ], [ɑ], [ɒ] 

b.      [i], [y], [ɨ], [ʉ], [ɯ], [u] 

c.       [ə]

4.      The a in "had," the e in "bed," and the i in “fit" are... 

a.       front vowels. 

b.      back vowels 

c.       none

5.      A… vowel--e.g., the u in rule" and the o in "pole"-is produced with the... part of the tongue raised toward the soft palate (velum). 

a.       back 

b.      front 

c.       none of the above

6.      What does tense mean with respect to vowels? 

a.       It refers to the extra muscle tension we make when we produce some vowels

b.      It refers when we pronounce vowels without muscle tension 

c.       None of the above.

7.      Choose the examples of lax vowels 

a.       boat, hat, boy 

b.      bit, bet, book 

c.       beat, boot, bait

8.      Choose the examples of tense vowels 

a.       put, about, hut 

b.      moot, tea, pea 

c.       high, saw, book

9.      What are diphthongs? 

a.       A union of three vowels (letters or sounds) pronounced in one syllable (as in some pronunciations of our) 

b.      It is a group of two or more consonant sounds that come before (onset), after (coda) or between (medial) 

c.       They are sounds formed by combining two vowel sounds in one syllable

10.  What are the major phonetic classes? 

a.       All the languages have two major phonetic classes: consonants and vowel sounds, though some play dual 

b.      All the languages have two major phonetic classes: consonants and vowel sounds, though none of them play dual roles 

c.       None of the above

*  It states that children acquire language through imitating others and reinforcement 

*It means that language is built into all human beings and that *the LAD processes and acquires language. 

It holds that children talk because they have something to talk about.
3.- What does Innateness theory refer to?
*It means that language is built into all human beings and that the LAD processes and acquires language.
*It holds that children talk because they have something to talk about.
*It states that children acquire language through imitating others and reinforcement.
4.- What does the Interactionist theory refer to?
*It is focused on a linguistic environment where parents or people who look after children in their early childhood are involved and are essential.
*It supports the idea that the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) works when it is correctly stimulated, it means in the right time and in the right place.
*It holds that language acquisition and environment are related.
5.- What does the Critical theory refer to?
*It supports the idea that the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) works when it is correctly stimulated, it means in the right time and in the right place.
*It is focused on a linguistic environment where parents or people who look after children in their early childhood are involved and are essential.
*It holds that language acquisition and environment are related.
6.- What does the Input theory refer to?
*It holds that language acquisition and environment are related.
*It is focused on imitating others and reinforcement
It supports the idea that the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) works when it is correctly stimulated, it means in the right time and in the right place.
7.- What is Motherese or Caretalk?
*It is an interchange plus a conversation plus communication.
*It is the way in which adults (parents, grandparents) speak to babies.
*It is the language that surrounds infants.
8.- What is the Language Acquisition Device
*It is the language that surrounds infants.
*It is an innate ability to acquire language.
*It is an interchange plus a conversation plus communication.
9.- What does the strong version of the Critical period state? *Children can learn languages at early ages.
*Children can learn languages at any time. However, after puberty it will be more difficult and incomplete
*Children must acquire the first language before puberty; on the other hand, they will never be able to learn from later exposure.
10.- What does poverty of stimulus state?
*the linguistic input received by young children is in itself insufficient to explain their detailed knowledge of their first language, so people must be born with an innate ability to learn a language
*The right linguistic input and output.
*It is the way in which adults (parents, grandparents) speak to babies.
11.- What is Universal Grammar?
*It is a grammar like English Grammar or Spanish Grammar.
*It is a type of prescriptive grammar.
*It represents the principles and parameters to which all human languages conform
12.- What infants do within the Pre-talking stage / Cooing (0-6 months)?
*The baby attempts at creating, experimenting and imitating sounds.
*The baby has more control over his vocal cords babbling, gesturing, and moving his body to ask for something. In this stage babies produce or say one-word sentences.
*The baby begins to recognize his mother's voice. The baby produces vowel-like sounds.
13.-What infants do within the Babbling stage (6-8 monthe)? *In this stage babies produce or say one-word sentences
*In this stage babies or toddlers produce sentences made up of two words. basically one word is the subject and the other one is the predicate
*The baby attempts at creating, experimenting and imitating sounds The baby has more control over his vocal cords babbling, gesturing, and moving his body to ask for something
14.- What infants do within the Holophrastic / One-word stage (9-18 months)? 

*The baby attempts at creating, experimenting and imitating sounds. The baby has more control over his vocal cords babbling, gesturing, and moving his body to ask for something.

*In this stage babies or toddlers produce sentences made up of two words. 

*In this stage babies produce or say one-word sentences. During this stage infants tend to overgeneralize.
15.- What infants do within the Two-Word Stage (18-24 months)?
*In this stage babies produce or say one-word sentences. During this stage infants tend to overgeneralize.
*The baby attempts at creating, experimenting and imitating sounds. The baby has more control over his vocal cords babbling, gesturing, and moving his body to ask for something.
*In this stage babies or toddlers produce sentences made up of two words, basically one word is the subject and the other one is the predicate.