Negative Research Dump by Gregg Nelson https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6 1. Put your name in the title. 2. List at least five broad points for your side on your submission. 3) Paste any links to useful information. These can be websites, videos, articles, etc. en-us 2021-03-06 19:46:53 UTC 2025-11-12 22:10:08 UTC hello@padlet.com Danielle Gregorson dgregorson1 https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2080440631 1.  It will disrupt vital military relationships: The joint force is heavily dependent on orbital systems. Our warships could not communicate without satellite links.
2. It will make the world’s best Air Force less effective: in fact other countries are combining their military air and space organizations in imitation of the US model. 
3. It will be defenseless without the help of other services: The US doesn’t build imperial battle cruisers like those seen in Star Wars. 
4. It will reduce incentives for other services to support space: Once a space force is created, the other military services will have little incentive to invest in understanding the orbital domain. 
5. It will be too dependent on industry: When an organization has a narrowly defined charter and lacks the resources of larger entries. 

https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2018/08/27/ten-ways-a-space-force-will-make-america-weaker/amp/

]]> 2022-03-07 00:53:27 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2080440631 Hannah Roever https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2082148442 1. It would be defenseless without the help of other services. They would not be able to fight back due to not being able to shoot. So, they have to rely on other agencies.
2. Budget is very large. The budget for this program is 15.4 billion. This hinders the economy.
3. It will disrupt vital military relationships. Satellites are used to communicate with warships. This would be hard to do with the space force.
4. It will create new barriers to joint force integration. Walls of known intelligence has been blocked. A lot of work has gone to bring down these walls, so everyone works together. The space force makes this harder.
5. Friendly fire. Shooting stuff out of the sky must always come down. This can create debris falling.

Ten Ways A Space Force Will Make America Weaker (forbes.com)
The Newest Military Branch—the Space Force - The War Horse

]]> 2022-03-07 17:18:40 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2082148442 Lily Meier lmeier151 https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2082257720
  • Used to Support other branches: The USSF doesn’t develop techniques or manage forces as other military branches do in regards to space combat. “Antisatellite weapons, for example, are still under Navy and Air Force control.” This means that other organizations are already capable and do most of the work.
  • Lacks Framework/Strategic Theory: The framework of the USSF was created prematurely due to it being pushed for political reasons, and not in the midst of warfare. The theories of how the organization will be run and pursue its mission are not made clear. While some theoretical theories exist, the “Space Force does not seem representative of any clear theoretical position.” The organization lacks a clear focus, which delays any advancements the organization could potentially make.

    • https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/space-force-ahead-its-time-or-dreadfully-premature#introduction

    • Doesn’t fix any current problems: The main problems with the Air Force's ability to manage space-related threats are the lack of budget, slow advancements, and lack of warfare fighting. The USSF doesn’t fix any of these problems. 

    https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/08/10/experts-offer-their-views-on-creating-a-space-force/

    • Creation Promotes Escalation: By creating a new military branch, the USA could potentially have risked sending an adverse message to other countries in regards to war in space. Rather than having a mission of peaceful exploration and global collaboration, the USSF has a mission of protection and fighting.

    https://bpr.berkeley.edu/2020/11/05/boots-on-the-moon-weighing-the-pros-and-cons-of-the-space-force/

    • Doesn’t Actually Fight: A common misconception about the Space Force is that it will fight threats in space. However, the purpose of military services like the USSF is to train, organize and equip, not to fight. At the moment, the fighting is done by Stratcom (United States Strategic Command).

    https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/fp_20180730_space_force_transcript.pdf



    ]]>     2022-03-07 18:12:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2082257720     Cherish Nelson https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep28729.pdf https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2084613330 The United States Space Force is a premature novelty.
    1) It lacks a strong institutional basis.
         Theoretical frameworks provide ideas on how to structure and employ forces on the battlefield in addition to the institutionalization of military organizations, the relationships within a defense establishment and those organizations, and prioritize particular capabilities through national leadership. This far there has been insubstantial theoretical framework about the militarization of space partially due to the novelty of the idea. The first USSF doctrinal document was published in 2020 and fails to establish clear context that explains how space power contributes to national power (or the contribution it offers to the other branches of the military).
    The United States Space Force is a long way off.
    2) The USSF cannot be considered a "service" of the military due to lack of configuration.
    A service is "a largely autonomous military organization that designs its own doctrines, manages its own systems of recruitment and promotion, and (in the US) has its own place on the Joint Chiefs of Staffs." Services are distinct from appointed sub-services such as Army "branches" or Navy "communities". The Space Force is notably smaller than any other service (by over 200,000 personnel compared to the Marine Corps, the next smallest service in the US). In addition, the USSF does not have its own uniforms, rank structure, bases, or substantial equipment pool.
    The political/military effectiveness of a "service" that barely exists.
    3) The nature of the USSF complicates the political/military effectiveness.
    The USSF appears to primarily support other areas of the military, especially its forefather, the US Air Force to which the USSF largely shares the same equipment, personelle, and doctrine. In order to evaluate the USSF performance and effectiveness, the Space Force will require the collaboration of larger and more prominent organizations. The Space Force doesn't manage forces or develop techniques for outer space combat. For example, anti-satellite weapons are under Navy and Air Force control. Indications of Space Force effectiveness relies on how the US military will depend on space for communication and intelligence in the future which requires assessing many USSF factors that are still not concrete (including metrics such as "how
    regularly do 'customers' of the Space Force’s products use that product in their daily operations?" ...and..."What rates of operational malfunction in spacecraft can be attributed to internal as opposed to external causes?"
    President Trump Strikes again.
    4) The Space Force appears to a be a ploy designed to protect the political aspirations of president Trump while attempting to not infringe too much on the institutional entitlement of the Air Force.
    Decisions on institutional reorganizations
    are generally political, in addition to whatever political force might drive them. A service’s creation reveals the political priorities of Congress and the president, especially as it attracts substantial costs and substantial risk. But the creation of a service is rarely political in the
    sense that it stems largely from an interest in generating a talking point that a president can use at political rallies. Although the Space Force shares a basis with theories of bureaucratic behavior, as well as considerable support from some actors within the defense community, it
    seems to have caught the president’s attention through his belief in its public appeal.
    Planning for the future.
    5)Analysts have only a vague sense of how the Space Force will effect the future.
    Analysts are in an unusual situation, as they have relatively little information with which to generate good expectations about whether the Space Force will perform its mission effectively, how it will get along with other services, or how it will affect the international environment. They have only a vague sense of the answers to many of the questions that will determine the success of the Space Force as an institution. Some analysts suspect that the
    Space Force will negatively affect multilateral arms limitation negotiations; they do not know how well the Space Force will be on traditional metrics of military effectiveness; they can guess that the presence of a Space Force officer on the
    Joint Chiefs will increase the prominence of
    space considerations in the National Military Strategy; and they have some reason to expect that the Space Force will increase demands on the military budget. Unlike the Air Force which was able to answer these questions at its birth, this very uncertainty surrounding the USSF is an indictment of the decision to create the Space Force.     ]]>     2022-03-08 18:34:36 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2084613330     Joelle Bremness jbremness https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2084633297 1. Roles are duplicated. With creating another military force there were quite a few overlaps when it came to responsibilities and authorities. With the space force being created there was a decrease in what the air force could do and therefore made the air force less effective.
    2. Risky in some ways. Sending the United States into a scenario where countries are stockpiling satellites and rockets for the purpose of a space war can lead to risky things for the country.
    3. Talk of space force takes attention away from other things. The space force has been brought up so much that it has taken away the attention on domestic and international priorities like Coronavirus and climate change.
    4. Money. There has been quite a bit of money into this form of military. It is considered to be a lot less than other branches of military, but it has taken billions of dollars way from taxpayers and just wasted it.
    5. Goes against what the United States stands for. The United States has wanted peace and to keep that peace longstanding. If the U.S. gets involved in space war of any kind it will demolish that idea of peace for the American people.

    https://govtrackinsider.com/no-militarization-of-space-act-would-abolish-the-space-force-the-newest-armed-forces-branch-e773b02b521f

    https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/04/20/the-space-force-is-a-misguided-idea-congress-should-turn-it-down/





    ]]>     2022-03-08 18:45:10 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2084633297     Alyssa Buros https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2084886079 1. No need for an additional military force
    U.S. Air force was created in 1947. They have thousands of personnel, years of experience and organizational strategy.

    2.  Lack of culture and purpose
    Currently has no organizational structure, borders and overlaps the need and job of the already created Air Force and other military branches.

    3.  High Costs to the United States Citizens
    Through COVID, gas prices, inflation and recent war activities, this is the last thing we need to worry about. Our citizen can hardly manage to pay bills let alone pull 15 million dollars out of thin air to support a program that is already controlled through multiple other military branches.

    4.  Premature launch of the Space Force
    This program was launched in 2019 without adequate personnel, designated uniforms, purpose and goals, rank structure, bases, equipment or organization identity.

    5.  Disruption of Alliance Relationships
    We have come so far to have good relationships with other countries. The more we know, the more technology we have this impairs out trust relationships with other countries. Technology is forever changing and if we have "too much control" in space, Other countries will begin to loose faith in our well established relationships. ]]>     2022-03-08 21:35:39 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2084886079     Taylor Stanley https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2085151849
  • It would take too long to build
    • Including schools, marching bands, etc.
  • It would cost a lot
    • Uniforms, marching bands, schools, doctrines, equipment, and building
    • On top of the huge budget, it will take money away from other services that are already in action.
  • The Space Force will be defenseless without the help of other armed forces.
    •  The satellites have no ability to fight back, as they cannot shoot back
    • There is also no battle management system
  • It will create a new bureaucracy
    • This means new positions will need to be filled and that comes with extremely high expenses to pay these individuals.
  • Air Force and Space Force could clash
    • Seeing the Space Force could have some of the same capabilities, it would be almost like a competition between the two. This would just make a competition rather than a solution.

    • https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/04/20/the-space-force-is-a-misguided-idea-congress-should-turn-it-down/

    https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2018/08/27/ten-ways-a-space-force-will-make-america-weaker/?sh=32b1be2f34b0

    ]]>     2022-03-09 01:51:18 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2085151849     Alicia Rutten https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2085234412 1. It will lack the resources to be a co-equal service.
    Space force workforce totals less than 1% of those employed at the Pentagon. Space force is allowed less than two days of federal spending per year. That is for all national security space activities.

    2. It will be too dependent on industry.
    The space force lacks funds and therefore has to turn to others for funds. Space force would be heavily dependent on private industry. Priorities would not be the same as public agnecies.

    3. It will drain resources from more productive pursuits.
    Space force is not revenue neutral. It will need many things such as a warfighting doctrine, secretary, uniforms, etc. The money from this will come from more important activities.

    4. It will make the world's best air force less effective.
    Having air force and space force together allows many skills to be in one place. If you break them apart you will lose major skills.

    5. It will spawn yet another sprawling bureaucracy.
    If space force becomes its own a whole new bureaucracy has to be formed. This is billions of dollars more for the taxpayers.]]>     2022-03-09 02:57:53 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2085234412     Aidan Price https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2085263093
  • It is a dividing issue
    • The idea of having the United States Space Force is one that has had major issues from both major political parties in America. To have all of the dividing opinions for something that is not a major part of our military is not a good thing to have.
    • It could easily be a part of the Air Force and not its own branch
    Creating an entirely new branch of the government for the space force is something that should not be done as of now. There are not enough issues to deal with to justify the creation of this branch especially when this can be added to the Air Force as a new division which can easily be a better fit for this as of now.

    Livingston, Ian. “Experts Offer Their Views on Creating a Space Force.” Brookings, Brookings, 10 Aug. 2018, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/08/10/experts-offer-their-views-on-creating-a-space-force/. 


    • Cost
    The Space Force is going to receive $17.4 Billion dollars in funding for this year, this is money that can be spent in other more important parts of the military or on something outside of the military completely.

    “FY22 Budget Gives Air & Space Forces the Strength to Meet Threats, Roth, Brown, Raymond Te.” United States Space Force, https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article/2651197/fy22-budget-gives-air-space-forces-the-strength-to-meet-threats-roth-brown-raym/. 

    • Major Misconception on its role
    The Space Force is not created to fight but instead to prevent and support different types of satiates and other assets in space. 

    • The expectations for something special could take service men and women away from other parts of the military
    Being brand new and having the name Space Force is enough to drive some people to want to join that over the Navy or another branch of the military. Because of this, we might see a shift in the number of servicemen and women for other branches of the military which will hurt them.



    ]]>     2022-03-09 03:21:39 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2085263093     Brandon Neuenburg https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2086981899 Cost/Spending
    The extra amount of schooling, training, testing, and salaries would be extremely high not to mention the tangible expenses as well. Equipment, materials, upkeep, and new innovations all cost money. With a new branch of military, taxes are bound to increase.

    Effort/Finding Individuals
    The effort and resources to fulfill all the needs that putting together another branch of military needs is not worth it in the end. Finding qualified individuals to fill the roles needed would be difficult and could potentially weaken the other branches if the Space Force poaches individuals from the Air Force for example. 

    Doesn't fix anything 
    As of right now, there is not necessarily a need for a military presence in space. Low government spending, no current space issues, and slowly improving technology in that industry doesn't make for the best foundation for the Space Force to build upon.

     Resources
    Not looking at the cost, the resources it would take to build a functional branch of military would take away from the other branches, especially the Air Force. This could cause conflict between the government and the other branches of military.

    Unintended Consequences
    When new stuff is tested through trial and error, things are bound to go wrong, and this could cause unnecessary casualties in tests or potential damages with accidental explosions. ]]>     2022-03-09 21:54:49 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2086981899     Jill Kinneman https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2087503330 1.Lacking a strong base.
    -It was introduced by the president with almost no consultation with the Department of Defense. The decision about national security was made in the spur of the moment.  These types of decisions cannot be made in spur of the moment, they need to be thoroughly thought through.

    2. It would be the smallest military branch with a very large budget.  With having a large budget for this, it pulling funds away from other resources that would have more benefits from the funds.

    3. It doesn't have distinct representation as a military department within the Department of Defense. This isn't an establish military, not having any organizational structure.

    4. It runs the risk of distorting force structure of US air capabilities. The challenges we face in space are not strictly military solutions.

    5. Misconception about its defense capabilities. The space force would not be able to fight.  It would have to rely on the help of the other forces to defend itself.

    https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/fp_20180730_space_force_transcript.pdf

    https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep28729.pdf]]>     2022-03-10 03:56:46 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2087503330     Kiana Simon https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089057199
  • Cost- The projected budget of the Space Force in the year 2021 is some $15 billion. Creating the service alone would cost $2 million over 5 years. 
  • It is the same as the Air Force- Given that the bulk of Space Force personnel have and will come from the Air Force, it seems likely that elements of Air Force organizational culture will accompany them. Since the Space Force emerged almost fully formed from Air Force Space Command, it is safe to assume that the service’s culture will strongly resemble that of Space Command. 
  • Poor Structure- The nature of the Space Force complicates the problem, since for now it seems primarily to support other parts of the U.S. military. It has taken over a set of missions associated with its direct progenitor, Air Force Space Command, and largely consists of the same equipment, personnel, and doctrine.
  • No History- the Space Force begins with a handful of personnel, no agreed‐​upon strategic theory, and little history or experience to draw upon.
  • Poor Space Power- Space power is defined as the ability to accomplish strategic and military objectives through control and exploitation of the space domain. Spacepower cannot unilaterally win wars. 

    • ]]>     2022-03-10 19:43:46 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089057199     Jacob Barth https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089151997

    1) It will disrupt vital military relationships.
    The joint force is heavily dependent on orbital systems. Our warships could not communicate without satellite links. Our smart bombs could not hit their targets without guidance from GPS spacecraft. Each armored brigade contains 2,500 pieces of equipment that depend on space to operate. Creating a new military service will inevitably impede and confuse arrangements that generally work well today.
    2) It will be too dependent on industry.
    When an organization has a narrowly-defined charter and lacks the resources of larger entities with which it must compete, it often turns to outsiders for help. An independent Space Force would be heavily reliant on private industry for technical expertise, policy advice, and program oversight. However, private industry is not driven by the same priorities as public agencies, and thus reliance on its advice would tend to distort the judgment and objectivity of a Space Force.
    3) It will spawn yet another sprawling bureaucracy. 
    This space force will give way to a bureaucracy that assigns high priority to protecting its interests and growing its budget. It won’t just replicate what already exists, it will find new functions to perform and new positions that need to be filled often by highly paid personnel who could be better deployed elsewhere. 
    4) It will be defenseless without the help of other services. 
    The United States does not build imperial battle cruisers like those seen in Star Wars. Its "warfighting" capabilities in space consist mainly of vulnerable satellites orbiting the Earth on well-known paths. The satellites can be hardened or proliferated, but they have no ability to shoot back at attackers and there is no battle management system. Any military response to attacks on U.S. space assets would likely require action within the atmosphere by other services.
    5) It will reduce incentives for other services to support space.
    Once a Space Force is created, the other military services will have little incentive to invest in understanding the orbital domain. Having lost their organic space communities, they will shift focus to areas still considered within their core competencies. The perverse effect will be to reduce expertise in space across the joint force by concentrating it in one place that is isolated from other military organizations.]]>     2022-03-10 20:52:36 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089151997     Spencer Wolf https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089154234 1. It might mess with relationships with other countries considering that countries are fighting for land as we speak adding a whole new thing to fight over seems really bad
    2. The time it would take to build wouldn't make sense 
    3. the side effects of having people up in space for years could really come into affect depending on how this is going to be organized
    4.  The cost of constantly sending people to and from space just to work on the space for up there seems insane not really worth it.
    5. We could get another cold war regarding territory in space or just other planets in general countries might claim them even if they haven't reached it yet and that could cause problems. 
    https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/space-force-ahead-its-time-or-dreadfully-premature#theories-space-power
    https://www.brookings.edu/events/space-force-the-pros-and-cons-of-creating-a-new-military-branch/

    ]]>     2022-03-10 20:54:02 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089154234     Jody Lauritzen https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089329718 May Send Adversarial Message - There have been many measures put into place in order to maintain good relations with other countries. Establishing a space force could send the message that war/fighting techniques are being pushed into space, and may cause a chain of events similar to that of what happened in the Cold War (For example, instead of an “arms race,” this could cause a “satellite race”). 

    Reduces Efficiency of the Air Force/Military - The military, specifically the air force, has been managing space resources effectively for years. Establishing a new branch could complicate a chain of communication that is already effective.

    Prevents Making Advances in the Understanding of Space - Establishing a space force could undermine the idea of global collaboration in regards to exploring the universe. This would put a huge dent into progressing our understanding of the rest of space. 

    Expenses - Establishing a space force would be very expensive. This would impact the funding of other branches of the military or the economy.

    Lack of Need - The Air Force already has a good grasp over controlling space-based technology and data, and does not feel the need to establish another branch of the military. Doing so in spite of this would make a space force feel redundant. 

    https://bpr.berkeley.edu/2020/11/05/boots-on-the-moon-weighing-the-pros-and-cons-of-the-space-force/ 

    https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2018/08/27/ten-ways-a-space-force-will-make-america-weaker/amp/

    ]]>     2022-03-10 23:59:37 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089329718     Brianne Hallin https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089393341 By creating this space force, we are implicating that we are preparing to safe guard and secure the space, which means this is opening a whole way that countries could attack another. If we are preparing ways to protect ourselves like through a space force it's just going to lead other countries to do the same because we started it, thus creating a whole new war domain and completely changing war as we know it. If nobody would have started looking into space and keep expanding war tactics into space we wouldn't have to safe guard it.

    https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/the-us-space-force-and-its-implications/

    We will now have to divide funds between 4 different branches of defense. This reduces the funding that goes to the army, navy, and the air force. This means it will be a completely separate branch of defense by it's own chain of command which could lead to more chaos.

    https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/the-us-space-force-and-its-implications/

    It will further worsen the already detrimental pollution levels. The amount of fossil fuels used and expended into our atmosphere when we launch rockets into space created a significant amount of pollution, when we are already on the downfall and seeing consequences to the pollution made thus far. And the bottom line, sending rockets to space it mostly explorational so we are polluting for something not necessary. roughly 4 millions lbs of carbon pollution is expended after every action made to go to space.

    https://connectusfund.org/18-biggest-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-space-exploration

    There is always the risk of running into other species in space. We cannot rule out nor assume that we will find other species out there but say we do, water is said to be the scarcest commodities in the universe, we are a planet made of 70% water if we run into other species are they going to want to take advantage of our resources? We would have no idea what we would be getting into. We would all like to think space travel can be peaceful but we can't guarantee it. The farther we go, the closer we may get to interstellar war that we only just started exploring. 

    https://connectusfund.org/18-biggest-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-space-exploration

    The exploration that we do now is already quite expensive. We spend about 200 billion per decade currently. Our planet as a whole spends 60 billion per year. Keeping in mind that world hunger could be solved with a mere half of that amount. Space travel is not necessary to survival so should it really be our top priority. There are many risks to humanity in our own planet should we really be bringing more risks into it?

    https://connectusfund.org/18-biggest-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-space-exploration]]>     2022-03-11 00:39:59 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089393341     Rachael Tanner https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089568400 1. Cost/Spending-
    The added expenses of education, training, testing would be substantial. The cost of launching the service alone would be $2 million over a five-year period.

    2. The country's air force will be weakened.-
    It has been a success for the US Air Force to combine airpower with space capabilities. As the United States has done, other countries are following suit. If the military aircraft community in the United States continues to disintegrate, it runs the danger of losing its current air and space dominance. The loss of war-winning skills and capabilities will cripple its air force.

    3. It will be too dependent on the industry-
    It is common for smaller organizations to look for help from outsiders when their licenses are restricted and they lack the resources of larger rivals. Private sector knowledge, policy guidance, and program supervision would be critical to an autonomous Space Force. If the Space Force depended on private industry's advice, its judgment and neutrality would be warped.

    4. There are no current concerns addressed by this proposal-
    Delays in technical advancements and a paucity of combat aircraft capable of participating in space warfare limit the Air Force's ability to address space-related threats. No action is taken by the USSF to remedy any of these problems.

    5. It will drain resources from more productive pursuits-
    Every new military branch must have its own warfighting philosophy and military staffing as well as different uniforms and other types of support. Pat Shanahan, Deputy Defense Secretary, points out that this will cost billions of dollars and divert funds from other priorities.

    https://bpr.berkeley.edu/2020/11/05/boots-on-the-moon-weighing-the-pros-and-cons-of-the-space-force/Editor in Chief.    https://connectusfund.org/18-biggest-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-space-  https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2018/08/27/ten-ways-a-space-force-will-make-america-weaker/amp/ ]]>     2022-03-11 02:13:27 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089568400     Alayna Rineck https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089637210 Cost - The minimum cost for developing a Space Force would roughly be $11 billion over a 5-year period. 

    Unneeded - As cool as it sounds, a Space Force is not needed.  The US has so many things to deal with and fix first, that this, at least for now, is an unnecessary investment.

    Rushed - The US is unprepared for a high-tech advancement like this. There needs to be a lot more testing to secure the safety of the Space Force; not only for its members but also for America's citizens.

    Keeping Up - Technical advancements are made so fast.  How would the US keep up with those advancements?  Not only would it be very difficult to, but the cost of it would be outrageous.

    Oversight - There will be and have many mistakes, but is the US prepared for those mistakes?  

    Risks - Developing a Space Force would increase the risk of missile attacks. Adversaries may push more aggressively and are mistaken that the Space Force could prevent such attacks, causing a risk of blowing up territory.

    Sources:
    Does America Need a Space Force? - Defense One
    Shielded-from-Oversight-full-report.pdf (ucsusa.org)]]>     2022-03-11 02:50:40 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2089637210     Emma Tollefson etollefson2 https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2090532187 It would cost a lot of money. -There would be a lot of different things that would have to happen that would cost a lot more money. We would have to get different things as well as get new resources.
    Time- Between everything that would have to be done to make. this happen, it would take too much time.
    Unnecessary- The space is not really needed at the moment. On top of not needing it, the US has other things that should be taking priority.  It will also not fix any of the current problems we are experiencing.
    It will disrupt vital military relationships.-The joint force is heavily dependent on orbital systems. Our warships could not communicate without satellite links.  Smart bombs are not able to hit their targets without help from the GPA craft. Each armored brigade contains 2,500 pieces of equipment that depend on space to operate.
    Risks- Developing a Space Force, would increase risks in many different ways. Including attacks as well as different risks that could happen up in Space. 

    ]]>     2022-03-11 14:26:19 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2090532187     Trevor Z. https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2090638475

    1. 2018- President Trump directs the Department of Defense to prepare for the establishment of a sixth military service.

    2. 2019- Space Command re-established as a combatant command; President Trump signs the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, creating the Space Force.

    3. In the 1970s and 1980s the number and sophistication of satellites expanded rapidly. The U.S. military achieved new operational capabilities in space, delivering intelligence, communications, and navigational systems to soldiers. As demonstrated in the Gulf War, the U.S. military could use space to fight more effectively in conventional conflicts, essentially making the battlefield transparent.9 In short order, nearly the entirety of modern U.S.

    4. The Space Force’s capstone document, Space power, defines space as the domain of orbital flight, including vehicles that leave and then reenter the atmosphere without making a single orbit, such as ballistic missiles. While some definitions of space rely on a judgment of where the Earth’s atmosphere ends (many multilateral agreements use the Kármán line, which is 100 km above sea level), the Space Force doctrine resists using any specific physical demarcation.

    5. Part of the point of the Space Force is to create pathways for personnel to develop expertise in space issues, making it particularly appropriate for facilitating outreach to the civilian space sector.

    ]]>     2022-03-11 15:25:00 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2090638475     Josie Weinzirl https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2090727898 1. Other military services rely on space - we need space for communication and military function, the Space Force would disrupt and confuse the system that we have now. Why fix what isn't broken?
    2. Wouldn't be equal to the other services - lacks resources, personnel, history, overall facts and statistics to measure effectiveness, etc. There would have to be a creation of a "warfighting doctrine, a dedicated secretariat and military staff, special support organizations, unique uniforms and other items that do not exist today."
    3. Too similar to other services already provided
    4. Resources could be spent somewhere else. We don't have a dying need or current urge for a Space Force so why pull the trigger and make an impulsive decision.
    5. Other services won't specialize in space anymore - creating the Space Force would only have a small number of people who focus on space instead of an array of individuals from various military services. 

    https://www.cato.org/policy-report/march/april-2021/was-space-force-good-idea 
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2018/08/27/ten-ways-a-space-force-will-make-america-weaker/?scrlybrkr=cddfd945&sh=73d445f034b0

    ]]>     2022-03-11 16:20:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2090727898     Jason Pentimone https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2090866208
  • The Cost - The first year of the Space for in works, it costed the country over $3.3 billion dollars. This totaling a project cost of over $12 billion in the end of five years. 
  • Shared Services - Since the majority of the Space Force personal comes from the military, such as my dad, we are taking responsibilities and people away from the Air Force. Where the majority of these tasks can be accomplished by the Air Force and dispersed to the Navy as well. 
  • Structure - With being a new branch of the military services, the personal have to start new and create a structure from the beginning. For the longest time, dad wore his Air Force uniform due to the lack of communication and formality of the new uniforms. But that is just the beginning of struggles. Most of this branch is cyber based. Personal have to be created and trained to work on projects such as satellites to the upmost cyber tracking and analyzation. With most personal not holding these qualities, this creates a hardship and difficulty that can't be missed. 
  • Starting new - When dad was first endowered into the USSF, we were assigned to Buckley Air Force base in Aurora Colorado. With all of the USSF personal on Air Force Ground, this created problems and possible recollections since you aren't on a "home turf." Buckley is now a Space Force base but at the time this was a difficulty we had to face. There are only 6 USSF bases. With the USAF having 59 current bases, they have home ground and area to structure as their own. With only 6 bases, the USSF can't really do that. Space Force Locations
  •  Misconceptions - Unlike the US Army or the Navy, the Space Force does not entirely fight. The USSF is more of a defense and surveillance branch rather than an in-war sense. By doing this they work more with these other branches helping with warnings and possible mishaps waiting to happen. But have the possibilities to send the equipment and defense needed to help defend this situation and help be prepared before the situation at hand happens. About Space Force

    • ]]>     2022-03-11 17:49:57 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2090866208     Christian Hobbs https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2090890291 1. It will disrupt vital military relationships.
    The relationships supporting these functions have been laboriously worked out over many years. Creating a new military service will inevitably impede and confuse arrangements that generally work well today.
    2. It will make the world's best air force less effective.
    If the U.S. proceeds to dis-integrate its military aerospace community, it will likely undermine its current dominance both in the air and in orbit. Its air force will be diminished by the loss of skills and capabilities directly related to winning wars.
    3. It will drain resources from more productive pursuits.
    A new military service will require its own warfighting doctrine, a dedicated secretariat and military staff, special support organizations, unique uniforms and other items that do not exist today.
    4. It will be too dependent on industry.
    An independent Space Force would be heavily reliant on private industry for technical expertise, policy advice, and program oversight.
    5. It will be defenseless without the help of other services.
    Any military response to attacks on U.S. space assets would likely require action within the atmosphere by other services. ]]>     2022-03-11 18:06:20 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2090890291     Amanda Karlen https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2090902340 1. It reduces incentives for other services to support space. With the space force being created, other military services will have less incentive to invest in understanding orbital domain. 
    2. It will make the world's best air force less effective. Other countries are following suite due to the success that the U.S. has had, however, it is undermining the current dominance of both air and orbit. The air force will be diminished by loss of skills and capabilities. 
    3. It lacks resources to be a co-equal service. "Separate but equal" was the goal. However, this program lacks the funding and personnel to be separate but equal. 
    4. It disrupts vital military relationships. The joint force is dependent greatly on orbital systems. the new military service will inevitably impede and confuse arrangements that generally work well today. 
    5. It is defenseless without the help of other services. "Warfighting" capabilities in space have no ability to shoot back at attackers and there is no battle management system. Any military response needed would have to come from the atmosphere by other services. ]]>     2022-03-11 18:14:30 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2090902340     Ellie Drier https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091001414 https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2018/08/27/ten-ways-a-space-force-will-make-america-weaker/?sh=61e26a3634b0&scrlybrkr=cddfd945

    1. It will make the world's best air force less effective. The U.S. Air Force has pioneered the integration of air power and space capabilities with great success.
    2. It will be defenseless without the help of other services. The United States does not build imperial battle cruisers like those seen in Star Wars. Its "warfighting" capabilities in space consist mainly of vulnerable satellites orbiting the Earth on well-known paths. The satellites can be hardened or proliferated, but they have no ability to shoot back at attackers and there is no battle management system.
    3. It will spawn yet another sprawling bureaucracy. You don't need to be a political scientist to understand that every time Washington creates a major new organization, it gives birth to a bureaucracy that assigns high priority to protecting its interests and growing its budget. That is what will happen with the Space Force.
    4. It will be too dependent on industry. When an organization has a narrowly-defined charter and lacks the resources of larger entities with which it must compete, it often turns to outsiders for help. An independent Space Force would be heavily reliant on private industry for technical expertise, policy advice, and program oversight.
    5. It will disrupt vital military relationships. The joint force is heavily dependent on orbital systems. Our warships could not communicate without satellite links. The smart bombs were not able to hit their targets without guidance from the GPA craft. Each armored brigade contains 2,500 pieces of equipment that depend on space to operate.]]>     2022-03-11 19:23:17 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091001414     Trysta Leech https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091009125 1. It lacks resources to be a co-equal service. It doesn't have the facts, history, resources, statistics, personnel, and funding to be separate but equal. Each new military has to have its own war-fighting military staffing and philosophy which would drain the resources.
    2. It would disrupt vital military relationships. The joint force depends heavily on orbital systems in which our warships couldn't communicate without our satellite links. Creating new military service will confuse the arrangements that work well today.
    3. Cost. The budget of the Space Force is $15 billion as of 2021. Creating a new military service would alone cost about $2 million over 5 years, just for the education, training, testing, and added expenses.
    4. Time. For everything that would have to happen in order for the technological advances could take place, it would take too much time. The U.S. is unprepared and needs a lot more testing done to ensure safety.
    5. It would be defenseless without the help of other services. Any actions for the military response on the U.S. space assets would have to be required by other services. The "War-fighting" capabilities in space consist mostly of vulnerable satellites orbiting the Earth on well-known patterns. ]]>     2022-03-11 19:29:33 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091009125     Jolene Windl https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091040608 1. Lead to War- The military strategies might push them into war, because instead of sending a purely defensive or philosophical message the Space Force may send an adversarial one. There is a major risk that if we are lead to war then a chain reaction will be triggered or even wartime expansion in space that is similar to that of the Cold War.
    2. Excessive Military Bureaucracy- Currently, a large part of the space military is controlled by the Air Force. The task of space operations remains manageable to the Air Force and it's leadership does not feel the need to split the Space Force into a different branch. Every service depends on the connectivity provided by communication satellites and data. Bureaucratic walls can create unexpected problems such as jargon, communications, and professional expectations differ across organizations. In the past, simple definitional misunderstandings between services have produced serious problems. The Space Force may struggle to provide the level of service that the other organizations have grown to rely on.
    https://www.lawfareblog.com/it-time-space-force
    3. Cost- The U.S. Space Force has a contract made up of $32 million dollars of which can be used in the other branches of the military that handle the operations of space.
    https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2021/12/23/space-force-issues-32-million-contract-for-prototype-space-based-sensor/
    4. Lack of Purpose- The Space Force has inherited a legacy of poor performance and hasn't shown any organizational structure. They haven't delivered or shown us any results. They don't have strong relationships with allies and partners, particularly those with spacefaring militaries.
    5. Doesn't Represent the U.S.- In this article below, General Raymond states that "they have set the tone, such as focusing on being a digital service, but being different should be a permanent part of the Space Force's DNA." They believe that the Space Force should embrace being different than the other branches of the military. The military should stand as one and be able to unite together, but with the Space Force they will have issues. 
    https://warontherocks.com/2021/03/hey-space-force-dont-worry-about-public-relations-just-deliver-results/ ]]>     2022-03-11 19:56:33 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091040608     Elaina Winters https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091111158 1. Time:
    Creating a good space force would take lots of time. This would take years to develop completely while the time would be better spent actually fixing the problem.
    2. Military Escalation:
    A space force could push war into space and cause a chain reaction. Countries may obtain large quantities of satellites and rockets for a space war which would be catastrophic.
    3. Spending:
    By creating a space force, there would be excessive military spending. There would be many added costs like education and training which is unnecessary considering the Air Force already spends a lot of money and resources for space.
    4. Drain resources from more productive pursuits:
    Creating a space force would mean a new military service. This requires a war-fighting doctrine, a secretariat, military staff, and many other items. The resources that would go into a space force could be used for more important issues.
    5. Would make the world’s best Air Force less effective:
    The U.S. Air Force has created a model that works so well other countries imitate the model. The U.S. will lose its dominance, skills, and capabilities if a space force is created.
    https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/fp_20180730_space_force_transcript.pdf
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2018/08/27/ten-ways-a-space-force-will-make-america-weaker/?sh=749ceded34b0]]>     2022-03-11 21:12:59 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091111158     Stella Bellin https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091112931  1. It doesn't have a good organizational structure or strong purpose to be efficient and useful. The air force already had a strong organizational structure and dealt with what the space force now is supposed to deal with. It could have just stayed as a part of the air force.

    2. It has a budget of 17.4 billion a year, and it's predicted that the cost will keep going up.
     
    3. The force was created without a strong foundation. It should have been thought through more before being created. It will struggle to strongly establish itself.

     4. Putting more military emphasis on space may cause it to be harder to keep space as a relatively peaceful zone. There are some treaties that aim to keep space as a peaceful zone, but it may be more difficult to maintain them and/or create more restrictions on the weaponization of space since that would go against the Space Force's interests.

    5. It could come off as adversarial to other countries. This could trigger unwanted conflict. War in space could have catastrophic consequences on both civilians and the military because of reliance on satellites.



    https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article/2651197/fy22-budget-gives-air-space-forces-the-strength-to-meet-threats-roth-brown-raym/#:~:text=The%20Air%20Force's%20budget%20of,evolution%20of%20the%20Space%20Force.
    https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/space-force-ahead-its-time-or-dreadfully-premature#budget
    https://bpr.berkeley.edu/2020/11/05/boots-on-the-moon-weighing-the-pros-and-cons-of-the-space-force/]]>     2022-03-11 21:15:27 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091112931     Claudia Johnson https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091131999 1. It will affect important military relationships: Our military service is working well today. Forming a new space force will just disrupt what we have already created. It will not only require time but also money that we could be spending elsewhere.

    2. New barriers will be created: Part of the reason our law enforcement has failed is because of information that has been kept private. Creating this new military service will cause more secrets and barriers that we must overcome.

    3. We will rely too heavily on industry: When we lack the resources to complete tasks, we often turn to outsiders for help. An industry like this would require technical expertise, policy advice, and program oversight. Private forces like this cause controversy and judgement.

    4. It will be defenseless without other services help: We do not have the ability to build battle ships to fight war in space. The only tools being used are satellites which have no way to defend themselves. 

    5. It will make the world's best Air Force less effective: We have built one of the most successful air power and space capabilities. Other countries are starting to build similar models based off of our success rate. If we were to create something like a space force, it might undermine our credibility.]]>     2022-03-11 21:40:53 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091131999     Luna Penterman https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091141235 1. It will lack the resources to be co- equal service
    - Donald Trump wanted the space force to be separate but also equal with the Airforce. The Airforce in the defense department and intelligence community just represent 1% of the personnel employed by the pentagon. the total budget of national security is less than two days worth of federal spending each year. So the space force with not be separate nor equal to other services.

    2. It will drain resources from more productive pursuits
    - The vice chairman of the joints Chiefs stated that if people think creating a space force will be revenue neutral is naive. A new military service will require a lot of expensive equipment that do not exist now.  Pat Shanahan states that it will cost billions of dollars and most of the money will most likely be used for important activities.

    3. It will disrupt vital military relationships
    - It will cost millions of dollars to get different  things like uniforms, special support systems, and military staff.


    4. It will disrupt vital military relationships
    - It would rely on the industry to much for technical support, policy advice, and program oversight

    5. money use
    -The space force is 13 percent over there budget total of 17.4 billions dollars, the air forces is 3 percent over there current budget. Aswell the United states had to spend the money to support the Space Force.
    ]]>     2022-03-11 21:53:19 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091141235     Kaylee O'Malley https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091255048 1. President Donald Trump directed DOD to prepare for the establishment of yet another Military service. This would be the sixth service of the year 2018 he has helped with.

    2. During 2019 Trump signed a National Defense Authorization ct for Fiscal Year 2020, which then created Space force.

    3. The U.S Military achieved new operational capabilities in space, delivering intelligence, communications, and navigational systems during the years through 1970s to 1980s.

    4. Space's Forces capstone document, space power, defines space as the domain of orbital flights. Including vehicles that leave and then reenter the atmosphere without making a single orbit, such as ballistic missiles.

    5. A great point of the Space Force was to create new pathways for personnel development in expertise for space issues. Which made it convenient for facilitating outreach to the civilian space sectors.


    ]]>     2022-03-12 01:17:22 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091255048     Peace in the universe nkolosova2 https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091264454 Danger for all mankind.

    1. In the 21st century, humanity needs to move to a new level of resolving global conflicts without using any weapons: tactical and, especially, space ones. Conflicts must be resolved at the level of debate, and in no case by war!

    2. In addition to the fact that the growth of space power can lead to war, there is also a threat that the war between countries will turn into a World War, and even worse, into a space war with the complete destruction of the planet. Everything in the world must develop in harmony with balance, therefore the growth of cosmic forces is dangerous for all mankind.

    3. Also, the space force program is costly to taxpayers. It would be nice to use most of the taxes for peaceful creation, to save the planet from an impending ecological catastrophe.

    4. To turn the cosmic forces to the destruction of impending dangerous objects from the Cosmos, it is more useful for the Earth. There is enough space junk in space that could be lethal to the planet if it goes unmanaged, which can happen if military space forces are used.

    5. The development of space technology in outer space should have peaceful purposes, the study of outer space, new discoveries, and the prevention of disasters on Earth. Space forces should not dominate or compete with anyone for security purposes.

    https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/space-force-ahead-its-time-or-dreadfully-premature#what-space-why-does-it-need-military

    ]]>     2022-03-12 01:33:17 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091264454     Regan Prissel https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091271872 1. Disrupt the current military system
    Adding another branch to the military would mean it must be added to the complex military system. This is unnecessary adjusting the rest of the military would have to go through.
    2.  It is unnecessary
    All other branches can split the responsibilities the space force would have. Creating a space force would take responsibilities away from the Air Force and Navy
    3. It would take a lot of time to develop
    The space force was expected to be fully operational at this point. There are many more important concerns for the US. “organize, train, and equip space forces to protect U.S. and allied interests in space and to provide space capabilities to the joint force. Space Force responsibilities include developing military space professionals, acquiring military space systems, maturing the military doctrine for space power, and organizing space forces to present to our Combatant Commands.” All of this would take up time and attention that could be focused elsewhere.
    4. Big cost
    The money used for the space force would give less bureaucratic leverage. This money could be spent elsewhere, and where we truly need it.
    5. Effects of NASA
    The creation of the space force could affect civilian missions from NASA and make them targets. Funding for each may be difficult to decide.

    ]]>     2022-03-12 01:46:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091271872     Maurisa Larsen https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091302917 The purpose of the space force. The argument of how it will protect us in space is a lackluster argument because what good will a force of 6,434 military personnel and 77 spacecraft do to protect our satellites and GPS systems. 
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Space_Force?scrlybrkr=74dcf9e8 
    It isn’t we’ll lead and organized
    It will cause interference with existing procedures and lacks organizational structure like the other branches 
    https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/space-force-ahead-its-time-or-dreadfully-premature#introduction 

    It won’t be creating that many new jobs considering how few personnel there are to begin with and not to mention many people in the air force who already covered the jobs of some aspects of the space force are simply being transferred over. 
    https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/FAQs/Whats-the-Space-Force/ 
    This is an urgently needed protective measure.
    If it was truly a necessary thing why is it taking so long for basic branch policies to show such as official uniforms and training requirements. 
    https://www.military.com/daily-news/2022/03/11/space-force-guardians-grow-exasperated-waiting-branchs-policies-slowly-emerge.html 
    It will be the first of its kind. From 1985 to 2002 the Pentagon had a U.S. Space Command and seeing as it isn’t in use yet today it wasn’t useful then when security measures were lesser why would it be more important now when every couple of months security updates happen. https://www.military.com/space-force?scrlybrkr=722da551 
    ]]>     2022-03-12 02:35:49 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091302917     https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091389491 1. Resources:
    This would be an incredibly huge waste of resources as the resources used to build a fleet of space ships could be used to help solve problems that we are facing here on our planet.
    2. Cost:
    The cost to make a fleet of spaceships would be absolutely immense as it would take years to develop safe technology that can safely allow us to travel to and from space and building materials would be super expensive.
    3. Time:
    To develop a fleet to go into outer space could take decades for it to be advanced enough to sustain human life for an extremely long period of time without having major health consequences.
    4. Military tension:
    This could cause yet another space race as the United States participated in before during the cold war with Russia which was a race for space ship development and other means of satellites out in space. This would cause military tension among the countries and could ultimately lead to war depending on the technology equipped on the new spaceships.
    5. Undermine the Air Force:
    The United States currently has the best air force in the world and if we spend too much of our time and money on spaceships then this will eat the air forces budget and make them far less effective compared to our enemy countries.]]>     2022-03-12 05:29:03 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091389491     Taylor Jaggar https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091392901 National Budget Increased:

    "    The Air and Space Forces released their combined budget proposal on May 28 as part of the Biden administration’s overall spending request for the 2022 fiscal year. The Department of the Air Force’s request calls for $173.7 billion, a 3% increase over the current budget. The Air Force’s budget of $156.3 billion represents a 2.3% increase, and the Space Force’s budget of $17.4 billion is a 13.1% increase from FY 2021."

    The United States National budget is being increased by 3% for a program that as of yet has not shown significant value to the Nation and its economy. These resources and sources of income could be redirected to a different cause that needs immediate action, such as homelessness in California.

    FY22 budget gives Air & Space Forces the strength to meet threats, Roth, Brown, Raymond te. (2021, June 8). United States Space Force. https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article/2651197/fy22-budget-gives-air-space-forces-the-strength-to-meet-threats-roth-brown-raym/

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    ]]>     2022-03-12 05:37:48 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091392901     Taylor Jaggar https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091396837 Space Force Needed Now?

    Does the United States need a military presence in space? Most informed opinions suggest that the answer is yes. Does the United States need a new independent service for managing that military presence? The answer is less obvious. In the case of the Space Force, an even greater degree of uncertainty looms because the precise organizational structure of the service is unsettled. Indeed, most of the arguments against the creation of the Space Force have focused on either the lack of strategic necessity for creating a new service or the price tag associated with standing up a new organization.

    The Space Force’s capstone document, Spacepower, defines space as the domain of orbital flight, including vehicles that leave and then reenter the atmosphere without making a single orbit, such as ballistic missiles. Regarding the militarization of space, Spacepower defines it as the use of space for military purposes, whether those purposes include the transit of objects (missiles) or the use of satellites for surveillance or communications. 

    The Air Force, for better or worse, had answers to all these questions at its birth. As it now exists, the Space Force appears to be a kludge designed to protect the political aspirations of the president while not encroaching too much on the institutional prerogatives of the Air Force. Provisionally, many aspects of the Space Force seem problematic. Space is, if anything, a more intractable domain than air in terms of interservice conflict in that space assets are the sinews of the day‐​to‐​day activities of the services on land, at sea, in the air, and in cyberspace. The inclusion of the Space Force within the Department of the Air Force raises questions about how independent the Space Force will really be, and thus whether it will realize any of the promised gains. Finally, the lurking problem of the development of an independent space doctrine, which has in some historical cases resolved in favor of doctrines that favor independent, offensive operations, remains a long‐​term concern insofar as it would threaten to endanger peaceful use of the “space commons.”

    Space Force: Ahead of Its Time, or Dreadfully Premature? (2020, December). Cato Institute. https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/space-force-ahead-its-time-or-dreadfully-premature#conclusion

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    ]]>     2022-03-12 05:48:29 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091396837     Taylor Jaggar https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091398021 List Of Potential Info Sites:

    american.edu. (2020). American University. https://www.american.edu/sis/centers/security-technology/the-purpose-and-mission-of-the-space-force.cfm

    Add to if you find more!
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    ]]>     2022-03-12 05:51:44 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091398021     Jamie Felce jfelce https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091703596 It is a poorly conceived, wasteful undertaking that will weaken the joint force. America's military needs in space would be far better served by retaining the existing organization of the joint force and making modest adjustments to assure space challenges are met in a timely fashion.

    It will disrupt vital military relationships. The joint force is heavily dependent on orbital systems. Our warships could not communicate without satellite links. Our smart bombs could not hit their targets without guidance from GPS spacecraft. Each armored brigade contains 2,500 pieces of equipment that depend on space to operate. The relationships supporting these functions have been laboriously worked out over many years. Creating a new military service will inevitably impede and confuse arrangements that generally work well today.

    It will create new barriers to joint force integration. Organizations have boundaries that get in the way of cooperating with other organizations -- particularly when they are competing for missions and resources. One reason the 9-11 attacks succeeded was that intelligence and law enforcement agencies did not share information because they were protecting their bureaucratic turf. A great deal of effort has been invested in tearing down those walls. But standing up a Space Force would create new barriers to cooperation.

    It will drain resources from more productive pursuits. The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs recently told an audience that anyone who thinks creating a Space Force will be revenue-neutral is "naive." A new military service will require its own warfighting doctrine, a dedicated secretariat and military staff, special support organizations, unique uniforms and other items that do not exist today. Deputy defense secretary Pat Shanahan says this will cost billions of dollars, and much of the money will likely come from more important activities.

    It will make the world's best air force less effective. The U.S. Air Force has pioneered the integration of air power and space capabilities with great success. In fact, other countries are combining their military air and space organizations in imitation of the US. model. If the U.S. proceeds to dis-integrate its military aerospace community, it will likely undermine its current dominance both in the air and in orbit. Its air force will be diminished by the loss of skills and capabilities directly related to winning wars.
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2018/08/27/ten-ways-a-space-force-will-make-america-weaker/?sh=652e04d934b0]]>     2022-03-12 15:34:07 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2091703596     Sarah Philipps https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2092842943 https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2018/08/27/ten-ways-a-space-force-will-make-america-weaker/?sh=16b4695f34b0]]> 2022-03-14 01:22:20 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2092842943 sarah philipps https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2092844939 https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/28452/why-the-trump-space-force-will-make-space-more-dangerous]]> 2022-03-14 01:23:44 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2092844939 sarah philipps https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2092849702 https://defense360.csis.org/bad-idea-disestablishing-the-space-force/]]> 2022-03-14 01:27:10 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2092849702 Brianna Horn https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2092859147 1. It will Drain Resources
    It is to expensive because it requires a lot expensive equipment that no longer exist. It could cost billions of dollars.
    2. It will make the world's best air force less effective
    Its air force will be diminished by the loss of skills and capabilities directly related to winning wars.
    3. Will Make Space Dangerous
    Creating the Space Force sets up structural changes and reinforces approaches that could hasten a costly and destabilizing arms race in space.
    4. Vulnerable for Attack
    The U.S. military depends on satellites for everything including intelligence, surveillance, navigation, communications, even for the guidance of its weapons.
    5. It will be too dependent on industry
    An independent Space Force would be heavily reliant on private industry for technical expertise, policy advice, and program oversight.]]>     2022-03-14 01:34:02 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2092859147     Taylor Maneval https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2096163350 1. Will take resources from more productive projects.  The cost of starting Space Force will cost billions of dollars, those dollars coming from other projects that are needed sooner. 
    2. It is replicating capabilities that already exist.  The air force already has cyber capabilities that the Space Force would want to do. Instead of the Air Force giving over theirs, Space Force would have to create their own. 
    3. Cost: Let's face it, this country is in enough debt as it is. Instead of trying to create a new military branch that isn't currently needed, the US should start to work on its infrastructure. 
    4. Increased tensions between countries: It has happened before with the race to the moon. As soon as one country tries to do something new, the other superpowers tend to do the same. Having a Space Force would just create more possibility for war. 
    5. This was created as a joke: President Trump brought this up as a joke and somehow it ended up a very real possibility. This does not have a good foundation because it was not thought out properly. 
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2018/08/27/ten-ways-a-space-force-will-make-america-weaker/?sh=2cec27ca34b0 ]]>     2022-03-15 14:58:09 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2096163350     Taylor Maneval https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2096167703 Direct quote from website: 
    2. It creates high-level pollution events.
    We must consume fossil fuels when we launch rockets into space, which means we’re creating a significant level of pollution every time we expend fuel for exploration purposes. Even on a light load, it costs about $300,000 to fuel a rocket. Larger models could hold a half-million gallons of fuel that would be used during an entire mission. That means we are creating roughly 4 million pounds of carbon pollution with every action that we take to reach space. Then we must find a way to place these fuels safely into orbit to make our exploration efforts useful, creating even further potential problems for our atmosphere. ]]>     2022-03-15 15:00:06 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2096167703     Shania Xiong https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2738744187 The Cost: With wanting to create a space force the cost of the new service is projected to range from $11.3 billion to $21.5 billion under the three options considered. 96 percent brought over from existing budget accounts within DoD. Withing these totals, $0.30 billion to $0.55 billion would be new funding ($1.5 to $2.7 billion over five years).

    Not Necessary- A space force is not a crucial part for United States as it involves a lot of time, planning, and money.

     It disrupts military relationships-sending the military into space can create conflict, as of currently there has not been any. This can cause tension with other nations and lead more conflict in space.

    Space Force is starting to train its soldiers
     to fight… in space? (phys.org)

    Resources-When creating the space force it is becoming to be a waste of resources as there are a lot of parts that is needed to make it. Although it will be the smallest branch it is creating more waste. 

    Can lead to militarization in space- with the space force being created it has the use of space for military advantages, but we would want to avoid space debris and disrupt the exploration and scientific research of what goes on up there. Militarization in space can involve deploying weapons and satellites for spying, this can lead to conflict between nations. ]]>     2023-10-09 20:23:27 UTC https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2738744187     The U.S. Space Force's budget for FY2024 is requesting $30 billion. FATHIA SALAH https://padlet.com/gnelson23_3/z4pzpj3ju1xbvls6/wish/2743765869 Cost of budget:
    If we breakin  down, for an example more than 60% of this budget, which amounts to about $19.2 billion, is dedicated to research, development, testing, and evaluation. This is similar to someone investing a significant portion of their income in improving their skills, buying new tools, and conducting experiments to stay ahead in their profession. 

    However Imagine you're a taxpayer, and you learn that the U.S. Space Force is requesting a budget of $30 billion for FY2024, which is an increase of $3.9 billion compared to the previous year. You might be concerned about how your hard-earned money is being allocated, especially when there are other pressing needs like healthcare and education.

    Even more disheartening is the fact that over 60% of this budget, around $19.2 billion, is earmarked for research, development, testing, and evaluation. It could feel like a significant portion of your tax dollars is being funneled into what appears to be a never-ending cycle of weapon development.

    This might raise questions about whether this level of investment in military space capabilities is necessary, given the many domestic and social challenges that need funding.

    And also it's important to remember that budget decisions impact people's lives, and taxpayers often want to see their money used for purposes that benefit society as a whole. The allocation of resources can be a subject of debate, with some arguing that more should be spent on other essential areas like healthcare, education, or infrastructure.


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