https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1 Made with a dash of wit en-us 2021-02-25 14:53:28 UTC 2026-01-15 10:14:22 UTC hello@padlet.com janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1241393227 Ngo Dinh Diem was born into what he claimed was a family decedent from one of the great families of Vietnam, a clan of mandarins. Ngo also claimed that his family, the Ngo's were among the first Vietnamese to embrace Catholicism. In truth, his father attained mandarinal rank and he was born into a lower class family. ]]> 2021-02-25 15:00:35 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1241393227 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1241420572 Ngo Diem entered into government service in 1921. He rose quickly through the ranks due to Nguyen Huu Bai's, (the Catholic head of the council of ministers in Hue) favor towards him. At age 25, he was the province chief, in charge of 300 villages. ]]> 2021-02-25 15:05:27 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1241420572 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1241439569 Seeing how widespread the communist movement was, in 1925, Ngo Diem exposed communist cells located in the province of Quang Tri. Four years later in 1929, Ngo rounded up the leaders who had organized a communist demonstration. Because of his actions, he was promoted to governor of Phan Thiet. ]]> 2021-02-25 15:08:47 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1241439569 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1241466615 Emperor Bao Dai learned of Ngo Diem's hard work against communism and with the agreement of the French, he was promoted to be a Cabinet member. Three months later when the French refused to look at his reforms, Ngo Diem resigned. ]]> 2021-02-25 15:13:23 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1241466615 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1241480619 When the Japanese took over Vietnam in March 1945 after French rule, they offered Diem the premiership under his old boss, Bao Dai. He declined but later regretted his decision. However, it was too late.]]> 2021-02-25 15:15:49 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1241480619 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1241491449 Ho Chi Minh who had seized control over Vietnam requested to speak to Ngo Diem after he recovered from his illness. He valued his morals and beliefs and offered Ngo a job. Ngo turned down his job offer as he blamed his brother's death on Ho. ]]> 2021-02-25 15:17:36 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1241491449 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1258751896 Diem escapes capture from Ho Chi Minh. He had been actively collaborating with anti-communists. France re-occupies Vietnam which then becomes Ho Chi Minh's priority. ]]> 2021-03-02 15:05:14 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1258751896 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1258763423 America becomes involved in the conflict in Vietnam as while they claim to be anti-colonialism they are also anti-communist. They aid Diem in his rise to power as his Catholic and anti-Communist views appeal to them and make him more trustworthy. ]]> 2021-03-02 15:07:07 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1258763423 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1258775555 The French are losing control and territory in Vietnam as Viet Minh controls 2/3rd of the country. Over 74,000 French soldiers were killed or had been wounded. Another 190,000 soldiers were stuck in defensive positions that restricted their ability to seek out their enemies and win the war.]]> 2021-03-02 15:08:59 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1258775555 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1258790923 The fall of Dien Bien Phu which was a big French loss signified that they would soon be out of Vietnam. Essentially they had lost the war. Emperor Bao Dai who saw his party lifestyle threatened made Ngo Diem the premier of South Vietnam. Diem was supported and backed by the United States. ]]> 2021-03-02 15:11:25 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1258790923 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1273935871 A truce was signed by the French representatives and the Viet Minh. The truce guaranteed for elections in 1956 and divided Vietnam into South and North Vietnam. The  demarcation line was fixed along the 17th parallel. Viet Minh got the worse end of the stick as their allies, the USSR and Communist China forced them to comply. ]]> 2021-03-05 15:00:46 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1273935871 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1273968964 The peace agreement also guaranteed that Vietnamese citizens could move between the borders and each side would accept refugees. Even though Diem expected that there would be no more than 10 thousand North Vietnamese refugees, around 200 thousand refugees arrived in South Vietnam overwhelming the government. Most of these refugees were Catholic who feared religious persecution if they stayed in Viet Minh. ]]> 2021-03-05 15:07:25 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1273968964 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1293279754 Colonel Edward Lansdale became Diem's campaign manager but he was actually the head of a covert CIA group that specialized in psychological warfare. His "psywar" team spread rumors about the Chinese raping and murdering in North Vietnam and claimed that because the U.S. had started fighting against the North, atomic warfare was coming. They spread all of these lies to increase the amount of refugees which Lansdale believed would lead Diem to victory in an election. ]]> 2021-03-10 15:00:55 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1293279754 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1293310118 While in America, Diem was portrayed as a great honest man who simply wanted to save his country, the people who he was in charge did not experience this side of him. Diem's rule was filled with terror, incompetence and corruption. The joy that Americans felt about his reign were not stemmed on the truth. ]]> 2021-03-10 15:05:56 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1293310118 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1293369336 Diem and his people stage a referendum. To win the election, Diem had his people rig it by intimidating voters and casting extra ballets. Diem won the election with 98.2% of the vote but many wondered how the amount of people who voted for him could surpass the amount of people present in South Vietnam. Once in charge, Diem changed the constitution to allow him to total control (he could change laws, dismiss anyone and could declare an emergency which would give him total control).]]> 2021-03-10 15:15:43 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1293369336 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1349431126 Diem refuses to hold the elections that were scheduled during the Geneva Convention in 1954. He claimed that because Ho Chi Minh's regime was not legitimate, he would not follow the agreement.. He also did not accept the Geneva Accord either which was his other reason to not hold elections. Neither him or the United States had any intention of letting the elections happen anyways and Diem was attempted to achieve authoritarian control through extreme social policies. ]]> 2021-03-24 18:12:17 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1349431126 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1396659172 Diem he limited the amount of money landowners could collect from farmers. Landlords could collect no more than 25% of a farmer's crop. He also gave tenants permission to leave uncultivated land. However because these new policies were not enforced, they had no value. Tenant did not like the new policy because they had not paid rent since war broke out in 1946. The land owners did not like the polices either because they felt that the amount of rent they could now collect was too little.]]> 2021-04-08 16:22:27 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1396659172 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1396687154 The land reforms enacted by Diem were negative because the did not benefit most people. 10% of the 1 million tenants purchased new land and the land-owners still had control over the majority of the land. His policies were ineffective.]]> 2021-04-08 16:28:10 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1396687154 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1396690942 The CIP (Commercial Import Program) was created. Money was funneled into the country through this program to not cause inflation. The urban middle class benefitted from the CIP because they could take advantage of the industrial opportunities while not being caught into the corruption. People who lived in the rural areas of Vietnam did not receive any benefits from the CIP. The upper class depended on the poverty of the poor rural areas for cheap labor.]]> 2021-04-08 16:29:02 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1396690942 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427056825 South Vietnam was voting for the national assembly during the 1959 elections. This was a threat against Diem's authoritarian control in the country as these candidates had the power to stand up to his extreme control. No longer would his nepotism run government be unopposed.]]> 2021-04-16 19:58:56 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427056825 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427058630 The Caravellle Group was a group of 18 politicians who gathered together after Dr. Phan Quang Dan, the man who won the assembly was arrested on bogus claims. Their objective was to persuade Diem to change his behavior and create economic and social reforms. People couldn't be arrested for any and everything and the economy had to improve.]]> 2021-04-16 19:59:32 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427058630 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427060849 The National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam, better known as the National Liberation Front (NLF), was formed. The goal of the NLF was to create a better Vietnam. They would go about this by instilling patriotism within citizens. The most important patristic objective was to overthrow Diem and remove the U.S. from impacting South Vietnam. ]]> 2021-04-16 20:00:18 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427060849 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427084470 Diem, inspired by a British program launched the agroville campaign, a way to increase supporters among the lower class. The goal of the agroville campaign was to increase Diem supporters among the lower class. He planned to move peasants into villages where they could have access to healthcare services, education and other amenities. This would in turn cause them to favor Diem. But the peasants disapproved of the campaign. They were forced to build the agrovilles themselves and in building these new living groups they were forced to leave their homes. Because the Vietnamese were super connected to their homes, leaving their ancestral lands was traumatic. Also, the agrovilles seems to be concentration camps instead of a friendly community.]]> 2021-04-16 20:08:43 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427084470 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427090256 Diem suspended the agroville campaign after the damage had been done. He had no support and Viet Cong was violently taking over the country by kidnapping and killing. ]]> 2021-04-16 20:10:56 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427090256 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427108241 The Battle of Ap Bac was started by the Viet Cong. While the ARVN had more military weapons, the VC had more tactical advantages. By the end of the battle, the ARVN suffered sixty-one killed and over one hundred wounded. The VC won as they saw less losses and conquered the territory. However because they left, it appeared as if the ARVN won.]]> 2021-04-16 20:17:00 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427108241 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427200425 Buddhist citizens protested in Hue against Diem's wishes. Even though the ARVN used tear gas and attack dogs, the demonstrators refused to back. To end the conflict, the soldiers poured brownish-red liquid on the heads of praying Buddhists which made them sick. They were hospitalized for respiratory ailments and burns. Diem then ordered under martial law a dusk-to-dawn curfew.  ]]> 2021-04-16 20:56:20 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1427200425 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1430933442 Protesting against Diem's regime, a Buddhist monk named Thich Quang Duc allowed himself to be lit on fire. All around him, other Buddhist monks and nuns stood watching. They repeated his act of devotion by telling the crowd that he had become a martyr. They also prevented him from receiving help from firefighters and the police. ]]> 2021-04-19 00:52:36 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1430933442 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1430962400 In response to the demonstrations by Buddhist monks, Diem began violently forcing people to comply. Soldiers trampled over nuns and monks and murdered many. Buddhists were arrested and statues were toppled over. However as pictures of the Buddhist crisis spread internationally, Diem lost his US allies as they could no longer support him as he did not condemn the death of Thich Quang Duc. ]]> 2021-04-19 01:04:58 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1430962400 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1459623807 The International Control Committee was established. This committee along with the foreign powers in France, the USSR, China and India put political pressure on North and South Vietnam to reach a peace agreement. France held a press conference claiming that they would support any treaty agreed upon by both parts of the country. China and the USSR threatened to use North Vietnam as a battle ground for their war.]]> 2021-04-26 14:07:16 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1459623807 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1459639947 The U.S threw away the opportunity for peace. If they had peacefully left the country in 1963, Ho Chi Minh would have agreed to have a federated government. A federated government allowed Diem to remain in power. This would mean that all the bloodshed that occurred would not have happened and the U.S. would not have lost a war and killed so many people.]]> 2021-04-26 14:10:11 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1459639947 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1459649971 The first obstacle the ARVN faced was getting the brigadier general and military governor of Saigon, Dinh to support the coup. He could call on enough men to help win over Diem. The second obstacle they faced was trusting America to truly support their coup. They also struggled with trusting each other and trusting that the CIA station chief in South Vietnam, Richardson would not tip of Nhu. Even though the U.S ambassador continued to push them to start a coup, there were many reasons they did not.]]> 2021-04-26 14:11:58 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1459649971 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1460894890 President Kennedy gave a CBS interview with Walter Cronkite. Carefully choosing his words, he stated a clear message on Diem's regime and how to move forward. Kennedy wanted Diem to know that for him to win the war he needed to win the hearts of his people and to win their hearts, there needed to be policy and leadership changes. Diem could not use violence as the first response to everything nor could his family run the country. If Diem did not heed the message, the U.S. would be forced to take more action. ]]> 2021-04-26 17:54:10 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1460894890 janata_harrison https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1460924384 Diem was assassinated and the coup was successful. After attending All Soul's mass, his body was returned to the Joint General Staff headquarters where many were left shaken by his death. While the coup had lasted 17 hours, 33 were killed and 236 wounded. Those in Saigon rejoiced, thanking the Americans and burned images of Diem. ]]> 2021-04-26 17:59:43 UTC https://padlet.com/janata_harrison/z4d4b8fd446zdsm1/wish/1460924384