Discussion Post #2 by

Discussion Post #2 by https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk en-us 2023-02-17 14:41:04 UTC 2023-02-17 18:54:43 UTC hello@padlet.com 1. The two divisions of the ANS and alternate names associated with each. gwendolynkeys https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486676836 1. The two divisions of the ANS are Parasympathetic and Sympathetic and the alternate names are fight or flight, rest, and digest (LO 5.3)

]]> 2023-02-17 18:46:42 UTC https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486676836 2. The neurotransmitters for each division gwendolynkeys https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486677606 1. The neurotransmitters for the Parasympathetic division are acetylcholine. The neurotransmitters for the Sympathetic division are norepinephrine, epinephrine, and acetylcholine (LO 5.5)

]]> 2023-02-17 18:47:24 UTC https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486677606 3. The locations where each NT is released in each division of the ANS. gwendolynkeys https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486678092 1. The location where the neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic division are released at the ganglia and the postganglionic nerve endings. In the sympathetic division neurotransmitters for ACH are released at the ganglia and NE are released at the postganglionic nerve endings. (LO 5.5)

]]> 2023-02-17 18:48:01 UTC https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486678092 4. The receptors of each division with main locations of each receptor. gwendolynkeys https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486678817 1. The receptors for the parasympathetic division are muscarinic and nicotinic. Muscarinic receptors are located on the cell membranes of the visceral organs and glands are stimulated by ACH released from parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings.

There are two types of nicotinic receptors, and they are nicotinic nerves and nicotinic muscle. Nicotinic nerves receptors are located at both parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia and are stimulated by ACH released from preganglionic nerve endings to conduct impulses across the autonomic ganglia to the postganglionic fibers of both autonomic divisions.

Nicotinic muscle receptors are located on the cell membranes of skeletal muscle and are stimulated by ACH from somatic nerve endings. (LO 5.5)

The receptors of the sympathetic division are adrenergic. The adrenergic receptors are alpha and beta. These receptors are assigned to certain organs and glands in the body. (LO 5.5 and 6.6)

]]> 2023-02-17 18:48:56 UTC https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486678817 5. The end organ responses that occur when each transmitter is stimulated. List the specific organ and state what response is generated in that organ when stimulated by each ANS division gwendolynkeys https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486681983 The end organ response that occurs in the sympathetic division neurotransmitter is stimulated: (Table 5.1)

Adrenal medulla – Release of epinephrine

Arteries – vasoconstriction Heart – Increases heart rate and av conduction; increase contractility

Intestines, gastrointestinal motility, secretions – decrease

Postganglionic neurotransmitter – Norepinephrine released

Pupils in the eye – Dilation

Lower respiratory passages Bronchodilation

Urinary bladder – relaxation

Urinary sphincter – contraction
The end organ response that occurs in the parasympathetic division neurotransmitter is stimulated:

Adrenal medulla – none

Arteries – not supplied to parasympathetic nerves

Heart – decreases heart rate and AV conduction

Intestines, gastrointestinal motility, secretions – increase

Postganglionic neurotransmitter – acetylcholine release

Pupils in the eye – constriction

Lower respiratory passages Bronchoconstriction

Urinary bladder – contraction

Urinary sphincter – relaxation

]]> 2023-02-17 18:51:58 UTC https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486681983 6. The drug classifications for each division of the ANS. Under each classification, identify which receptors are interacted with, then include the action that occurs. gwendolynkeys https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486683107 1. Drug classifications for the sympathetic division separated by Drug classification/receptor/action occurs: (Table 6.7)

Sympathomimetics

Alpha-adrenergic drugs- Alpha-1 receptor- smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction

Nonselective beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic drugs-Beta 1 &2 receptors-

Cardiac stimulation, smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilation

Selective beta-2 adrenergic drugs-Beta 2 receptors - Smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilation

Sympatholytic

Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers- Alpha-1 receptor- Smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilation

Nonselective beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic blockers- beta 1&2 receptors-Cardiac depression, smooth muscle contraction (beta-2 organs)

Selective beta-1 adrenergic blockers-beta 1 receptors – cardiac depression

Adrenergic neuronal blockers-adrenergic nerve endings-decrease in sympathetic activity:

Ganglionic-Parasympathetic

Adrenergic drugs- Antagonism of antiadrenergic effect of ganglionic blockade, especially on cardiovascular system

Adrenergic blocking drugs- Additive antiadrenergic effect to produce hypotension and possible cardiovascular collapse

Cholinergic drugs- Antagonism of anticholinergic effect of ganglionic blockade, especially on GI and urinary tracts

Antagonism of anticholinergic effect of ganglionic blockade, especially on GI and urinary tracts

Anticholinergic drugs- Additive anticholinergic effect

Vasodilator drugs- Additive vasodilating effect to produce hypotension and possible cardiovascular collapse

]]> 2023-02-17 18:53:11 UTC https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486683107 7. The specific drug examples found on your drug list under each drug classification including generic (lowercase) and brand (capitalized in parentheses with the trademark symbol at the end- ® gwendolynkeys https://padlet.com/gwendolynkeys/z2qyep8bqozetnsk/wish/2486684676 . phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

prazosin (Minipress®)

terazosin (Hytrin®)

doxazosin (Cardura®

formoterol (Foradil®)

albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)

terbutaline (Brethine®)

nadolol (Corgard®)

propranolol(Inderal®)

timolol (Blocadren®
atenolol (Tenormin®)

metoprolol (Lopressor®)

pilocarpine (Pilocar®)

bethanechol (Urecholine®)

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