2NUR7 VILLANUEVA, L. STSArea Manila by LIAM KENZIE VILLANUEVA

2NUR7 VILLANUEVA, L. STSArea Manila by LIAM KENZIE VILLANUEVA https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg Manila: A City by the Sea en-us 2022-02-22 03:47:03 UTC 2022-03-27 07:29:40 UTC hello@padlet.com Geography liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058135384 Manila, the capital of the Philippines, is a coastal city that sits at the mouth of the Pasig River. It was named after the mangroves that grew along its shores known as nilad, with native locals generally referring to the place as “may nilad” which translates to “there is nilad”. Once a marshy shore along the bay, it has now transformed into one of the most urbanized cities in the country, facing various problems such as overpopulation, traffic congestion, pollution, and crime. ]]> 2022-02-21 05:39:44 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058135384 Demographics liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058142199 With a population of almost 2 million and an area of 43 square kilometers, Manila is at the top of the list when it comes to the most densely populated cities, second only to Male in the Maldives. There is also diversity when it comes to ethnic groups in Manila since many locals from other provinces see it as a place of opportunity while foreigners gravitate towards its accommodation of English (though Tagalog is still the most spoken language in the region). The city is predominantly Catholic but there are also Sikh, Buddhist, Islamic, and other places of worship.]]> 2022-02-21 05:46:24 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058142199 Economy liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058146330 Throughout the history of the Philippines, Manila has always been considered a hub for business and trade, with the Spaniards establishing the Manila-Acapulco trade route which brought goods from Europe, Africa, and Hispanic America across the Pacific Islands to Southeast Asia and vice versa. Up to this day, the city is still considered the nation’s principal port but it has also become home to textile manufacturing, printing and publishing, as well as chemical processing.]]> 2022-02-21 05:50:34 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058146330 liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058281090 2022-02-21 07:44:35 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058281090 liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058283770 2022-02-21 07:46:34 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058283770 When I was younger, I used to pass the Pasig River multiple times a day and see clumps of trash on its brownish-green surface. At this point, it has already been declared biologically dead for 2 decades and I just can’t help but wonder what it looked like during its hay-day… liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058519592 2022-02-21 10:28:44 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058519592 liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058555140 Rivers are important because they serve as habitats for various species, provide livelihood for different communities, and are sources of fresh water among many other things which is why we should do our part to preserve these bodies of water. They could also symbolize human health since water is vital in our functioning, and as a student nurse, this is the reason why the current state of the Pasig River is so concerning. ]]> 2022-02-21 10:55:06 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058555140 liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058558733 2022-02-21 10:58:02 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2058558733 (Not So) Fun Facts about the Pasig River liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2059786244

The Pasig River accounts for 6.43% of the world's ocean plastic pollution, dumping 38,000 tons of plastic each year.

60% of the pollution in the river is domestic waste coming from households, 33% is industrial waste, and 7% is solid waste.

Standards for dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand, which are indicators of a river's ecological health, were not met.

Out of the 4.4 million people living along the river, only 600,000 or 12% are serviced by the sewerage system that treats domestic wastewater before their discharge.

]]> 2022-02-22 03:52:09 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2059786244 Rivers at the Heart of Communities liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060306054 Bodies of water have always been the birthplace of civilizations, from the Tigris-Euphrates river system of the Mesopotamians to the flooding Nile of the Egyptians. The fresh water and fertile soil surrounding these rivers are essential for agriculture. Thus, many people flock to these places with the promise of prosperity. In a similar way, a lot of individuals from different provinces move to Manila in hopes of better opportunities which has led to overpopulation. This problem combined with poor urban planning and governance has resulted in unsafe, unsustainable communities along the Pasig River. ]]> 2022-02-22 10:37:40 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060306054 liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060451345

Former governments of the Philippines have tried to remove the informal settler’s in several ways, and when these efforts were unsuccessful, walls were built along the esteros to disguise the settlements.

The government has a top-down approach to the Pasig River rehabilitation efforts, by not prioritising the needs of the informal settlers. Previous studies show us that such approaches affect the urban poor negatively.

The governmental system is missing both the incentives and tools to include the urban poor in the urban development.

]]> 2022-02-22 12:25:00 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060451345 The Ocean Cleanup liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060462113 Founded in 2013 by Dutch inventor Boyan Slat, The Ocean Cleanup is a non-profit foundation that develops and scales technologies with the aim of ridding the world’s oceans of plastic. Eight interceptors are currently deployed around the world, with the majority in Southeast Asia and the remainder in the Caribbean; the organization is currently working with governments all over the world to deploy in more rivers.]]> 2022-02-22 12:33:33 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060462113 The 7 Year Relocation Program and Other Efforts liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060490288 Aside from the relocation plans which are already being criticized, other efforts to rehabilitate the Pasig River include:

Mandatory localized sewage treatment.
Sanitation projects for secondary sewage households.
Expansion of community-based solid waste management.

However, since the abolishment of the Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission under President Duterte, these tasks have been allocated to different agencies such as the Manila Bay Task Force, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development (DHSUD) and the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA).

]]> 2022-02-22 12:53:49 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060490288 So what can we do? liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060491027 2022-02-22 12:54:20 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060491027 A New Problem liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060500375 2022-02-22 13:00:38 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060500375 Advocacy liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060535867 Advocating for the Pasig River and being vocal about its wellbeing is another way we can aid in its development. Social media has given us the ability to voice out our opinions and come together despite the limitations COVID has set. Movements such as #IlogPASIGlahin and #NoToParex are some examples of people coming together to amplify the voices of scientists who are so often ignored by the government.]]> 2022-02-22 13:21:07 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2060535867 References liamkenzievillanuevanur https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2068641201 Castelo, M. (2019, October 2). Manila's informal settlers face relocation in exchange for Clean Bay. Pulitzer Center. Retrieved February 2022, from https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/manilas-informal-settlers-face-relocation-exchange-clean-bay

Castillo, L., & Castillo, N. (2016). Chasing Manila Bay’s Sunset. The Shoestring Diaries. photograph. Retrieved 2022, from https://shoestringdiary.wordpress.com/2017/04/17/chasing-manila-bays-sunset/.

City Data. (2008). Manila. Economy - Manila. Retrieved February 21, 2022, from http://www.city-data.com/world-cities/Manila-Economy.html

De Guzman, M. (2021). Philstar Global. photograph. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.philstar.com/nation/2021/11/06/2139334/quiapo-church-welcomes-more-devotees.

Explaining the Interceptor | Cleaning Rivers . (2019). Youtube. Retrieved February 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bm1rH70wfJo.

Gorme, J. B., Maniquiz, M. C., Song, P., & Kim, L.-H. (2010). The water quality of the Pasig River in the City of Manila, Philippines: Current status, management and future recovery. Environmental Engineering Research, 15(3), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2010.15.3.173

Lago, A. T. (2021, October 10). How Parex puts Metro Manila's heritage in Danger – and why you should care. RAPPLER. Retrieved February 2022, from https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-culture/how-parex-metro-manila-heritage-danger-you-should-care/

Nett, J. (2020). The Oregon Encyclopedia. photograph. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/media-collections/manila-galleon/?grid=1#the-route-of-the-manila-galleon.

Onate, L. E. (2015). Pasig River Rehabilitation and the Urban Poor: A case study of informal settlers ' fight to stay in Manila. Academia. Retrieved February 23, 2022, from https://www.academia.edu/29828727/Pasig_River_Rehabilitation_and_the_Urban_Poor_A_case_study_of_informal_settlers_fight_to_stay_in_Manila.

Salita, D. C. (2022, January 5). People of Manila. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Manila/People#ref12358

u/SyslogForwarder. (2018). Reddit. photograph. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.reddit.com/r/Philippines/comments/8i4t8d/pasig_river_dividing_makati_and_mandaluyong/.

]]> 2022-02-28 01:31:56 UTC https://padlet.com/liamkenzievillanuevanur/z1mqjdfrsx2u78qg/wish/2068641201