Depression: an Overview by Katherine O'Brien https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii erasing the stigma around mental awareness, and enlightening people on things that matter. All of this is research and an MLA bibliography is at the bottom. en-us 2017-03-14 08:49:18 UTC 2025-10-04 04:42:59 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Removelove.png Major Depressive Disorder k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/159906066 MDD also know simply as Depression is a mental disorder that is more common than many people think.]]> 2017-03-14 08:53:03 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/159906066 Intro: The mind of a person with depression k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/159907142 here is a poetic definition of depression from a strong women who has battled it

]]> 2017-03-14 08:58:25 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/159907142 Depression k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160136984 Depression isn't just a mood, it is also a mental illness. Many people think that MDD means that the person is very sad. However, depression can cause many symptoms in the body and mentally]]> 2017-03-15 00:57:37 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160136984 Similar Concept to Depression k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160138745 The Ancient Greek physician Hippocrates described a syndrome of melancholia as a distinct disease with particular mental and physical symptoms; he characterized all "fears and despondencies, if they last a long time" as being symptomatic of the ailment. It was a similar but far broader concept than today's depression.]]> 2017-03-15 01:04:16 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160138745 DEFINE k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160139012 The term depression itself was derived from the Latin verb deprimere, "to press down". From the 14th century, "to depress" meant to subjugate or to bring down in spirits. ]]> 2017-03-15 01:06:23 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160139012 A Historical Caricature of a Man with an Approaching Depression k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160139201 2017-03-15 01:08:13 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160139201 History of Depression k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143010 Depression was used in 1856 when referring to a psychiatric symptom was by French psychiatrist Louis Delasiauve. By the 1860s it started appearing in medical dictionaries to refer to a physiological and metaphorical lowering of emotional state.

]]> 2017-03-15 01:39:12 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143010 Another term for Melancholia k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143064 Although melancholia remained the dominant term during diagnostics, depression gained increasing usage in medical thesis’ and was a synonym by the end of the century.]]> 2017-03-15 01:39:38 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143064 Sigmund's Theory k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143150 Sigmund Freud theorized that objective loss, such as death or a break-up, results in subjective loss as well; the depressed individual has identified with the object of affection through an unconscious, process called the libidinal cathexis of the ego. ]]> 2017-03-15 01:40:19 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143150 More recent history k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143196 In the mid-20th century, researchers theorized that depression was caused by a chemical imbalance in neurotransmitters in the brain, a theory based on observations made in the 1950s of the effects of reserpine and isoniazid in altering monoamine neurotransmitter levels and affecting depressive symptoms. The chemical imbalance theory has never been proven.]]> 2017-03-15 01:40:46 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143196 The Term MDD k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143269 The term Major depressive disorder was introduced by a group of US clinicians in the mid-1970s as part of proposals for diagnostic criteria based on patterns of symptoms (called the "Research Diagnostic Criteria", building on earlier Feighner Criteria). ]]> 2017-03-15 01:41:12 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143269 Who can be affected? k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143459 2017-03-15 01:42:38 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143459 Depression, the "common cold" of mental illness k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143567 Globally, more than 300 million people of all ages suffer from depression. Depression affects approximately 19 million Americans, or 9.5% of the population in any given one-year period. At some point in their lives, 10%-25% of women and 5%-12% of men will likely become clinically depressed. 

]]> 2017-03-15 01:43:24 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143567 Which gender is more affected? k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143666 2017-03-15 01:44:29 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143666 Economic Downfall of Depression k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143716 It is estimated that depression exacts an economic cost of over $30 billion each year, but the cost of human suffering cannot be measured. ]]> 2017-03-15 01:45:02 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143716 Who suffers? k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143799 Depression not only causes suffering to those who are depressed, but it also causes great difficulty for their family and friends who often do not know how to help.

]]> 2017-03-15 01:45:51 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160143799 STATS k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160144021 According to the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey―Mental Health, 15- to 24-year-olds had the highest rates of mood and anxiety disorders of all age groups. About 7% of them were identified as having had depression in the past 12 months, compared with 5% of people aged 25 to 64 and 2% of those aged 65 or older]]> 2017-03-15 01:48:22 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160144021 Mood disorders, by age group and sex k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160144502 2017-03-15 01:53:51 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160144502 k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160144708 2017-03-15 01:56:01 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160144708 What Causes It? These May Increase Your Chances: k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160146318
  • Abuse. Past physical, sexual, or emotional abuse.
  • Certain medications. Some drugs, such as isotretinoin, the antiviral drug interferon-alpha, and corticosteroids.
  • Conflict. personal conflicts or disputes with family members or friends.
  • Death or a loss. Sadness or grief from the death or loss of a loved one.
  • Genetics. A family history of depression may increase the risk. 
  • Major events. Starting a new job, graduating, or getting married can lead to depression. So can moving, losing a job or income, getting divorced, or retiring.
  • Other personal problems. Problems such as social isolation due to other mental illnesses or being cast out of a family or social group can contribute to the risk of developing clinical depression.
  • Serious illnesses. Sometimes depression co-exists with a major illness or may be triggered by another medical condition.
  • Substance abuse. Nearly 30% of people with substance abuse problems also have major or clinical depression.

    • ]]>     2017-03-15 02:12:56 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160146318     What are the symptoms? k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160148170
  • Difficulty concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions
  • Fatigue and decreased energy
  • Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and/or helplessness
  • Feelings of hopelessness and/or pessimism
  • Insomnia, early-morning wakefulness, or excessive sleeping
  • Irritability, restlessness
  • Loss of interest in activities or hobbies once pleasurable, including sex
  • Overeating or appetite loss
  • Persistent aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that do not ease even with treatment
  • Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" feelings
  • Thoughts of suicide, suicide attempts
  • Change in appetite

    • ]]>     2017-03-15 02:32:05 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160148170     How is it diagnosed? What's the first step? k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160150001 The doctor would do a physical exam and ask for specific lab tests to make sure your depression symptoms aren't related to a condition such as thyroid disease, vitamin D deficiency, or another medical problem. The doctor will try to identify any major health concerns that may be contributing to symptoms of clinical depression. ]]> 2017-03-15 02:52:58 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160150001 For example k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160150074 depression might be associated with any of the following conditions:
    • Central nervous system tumors
    • Head trauma
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • Stroke
    • Syphilis
    • Various cancers (pancreas, prostate, breast)
    ]]>     2017-03-15 02:53:44 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160150074     Your doctor can usually tell if you have depression by asking you specific questions and doing a physical exam. k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160150115 Other tests may include:
    • CT scan or MRI of the brain to rule out serious illnesses such as a brain tumor
    • Electrocardiogram to diagnose some heart problems
    • Electroencephalogram to record electrical activity of the brain
    • The Patient Health Questionnaire-9: self-administered diagnostic screening and severity tool based on current diagnostic criteria for major depression
    • Beck Depression Inventory: a 21-question multiple-choice self-report that measures the severity of depression symptoms and feelings
    • Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale: a short survey that measures the level of depression, ranging from normal to severely depressed
    • Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale: an instrument that allows patients to evaluate their feelings, behavior, and outlook from the previous week
    • Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression: a multiple choice questionnaire that doctors may use to rate the severity of a patient's depression
    ]]>     2017-03-15 02:54:13 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160150115     Mood disorders k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160150185 It used to be that all mood disorders were lumped together. For example, a doctor will determine whether a patient has major depression, chronic depression including dysthymia (a mild form of just a few longstanding depression symptoms), seasonal affective disorder or SAD, bipolar disorder (manic depression), or some other type of clinical depression.]]> 2017-03-15 02:55:07 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160150185 Natural Treatments k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160150287 1. Get in a routine
    2. Set goals
    3. Exercise
    4. Eat healthy
    5. Get enough sleep
    6. Take on responsibilities
    7. Challenge negative thoughts
    8. Check with your doctor before using supplements
    9. Do something new
    10. Try to have fun]]>     2017-03-15 02:56:37 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160150287     Talk Therapy k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160150461 Talking with a therapist is one of the best treatments. Therapy can last for several months to years depending on the severity of depression. 
    Cognitive behavioral therapy- helps you see how behaviors and the way you think about things play a role in your depression
    Interpersonal therapy- focuses on your relationships with other people and how they affect you. 
    Problem-solving therapy- focuses on the specfic problems you face and helps you find solutions]]>     2017-03-15 02:59:16 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160150461     Medications k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160151540 Medications are the other key treatment for depression. They include:
    Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These common medicines include celexa, lexapro, prozac, paxil, and zoloft. Side effects are generally mild. They include stomach upset, sexual problems, insomnia, dizziness, weight change, and headaches.

    Other serotonergic antidepressants. These include viibryd and brintellix

    Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) This class of medicines includes Khedezla, Pristiq, Cymbalta, Fetzima, and Effexor). Side effects include upset stomach, insomnia, sexual problems, anxiety, dizziness, and fatigue.

    Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). These were some of the first medicines used to treat depression. TCAs include Elavil, Norpramin, Adapin, Sinequan, Tofranil, Aventyl, Pamelor, and Vivactil). Side effects include stomach upset, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, tremor, changes in blood pressure, and nausea. MAOIs can cause serious interactions with other medications and certain foods. While they can work extremely well, these drugs are usually reserved for depression that doesn’t respond to other medicines that are simpler to take. MAOIs include Marplan, Nardil, Emsam, and Parnate.
    ]]>     2017-03-15 03:16:26 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160151540     Relapse k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160153660 Some people with major depression have symptoms only once in their life. Others have them again and again. Once you get treatment, it's important to pay attention to your feelings. That will help you catch possible signs of a relapse. ]]> 2017-03-15 03:45:43 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160153660 MLA k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160154615 "All About Depression: Overview." All About Depression: Overview. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
    Canada, Government Of Canada Statistics. "Mood disorders, by age group and sex (Number)." Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. N.p., 07 Mar. 2016. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
    Canada, Government Of Canada Statistics. "Health Reports Depression and suicidal ideation among Canadians aged 15 to 24." Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. N.p., 18 Jan. 2017. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
    "Causes of Depression." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
    "Depression." Mental Health America. N.p., 28 Sept. 2016. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
    "Depression Diagnosis." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
    "Infographic: Life with Depression." Mental Health America. N.p., 22 Aug. 2016. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
    "Major depressive disorder." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 09 Mar. 2017. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
    "Signs of Depression Relapse in Pictures." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
    "Symptoms of Depression." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
    "Tests Used to Diagnose Depression." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
    "Treatments for Depression." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
    ]]>     2017-03-15 03:57:00 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160154615     Brain Scans of Depression k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160154954 2017-03-15 04:02:28 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160154954 k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160155816 2017-03-15 04:28:13 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160155816 k_ofamily https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160155882 2017-03-15 04:28:48 UTC https://padlet.com/k_ofamily/z1lgu7t8mvii/wish/160155882