In my opinion, the role of students in maintaining school facilities is important because maintaining school facilities is a shared responsibility and cannot be borne by one person alone.

1. Not scribbling on desks

2. Keeping the environment clean

3. Not damaging school facilities

4. Taking good care of the facilities

That is all from me. Thank you.

Okey, its enough for my opinion, thank u

^_^

the student should keep classroom and public space clean and not damage the facilities provided with take good care of the facilities provided

I think school facilities are very important for learning. To improve and maintain them, schools should do regular cleaning and fix broken items quickly. Students also need to help by keeping the school clean and using everything properly. If we all work together, the school will stay nice and comfortable for everyone.

Maintain and care for existing facilities, avoid damaging them, and inform teachers if any items are unusable.

In my opinion, students feel the need to play an active role in maintaining school facilities, for example by not damaging them, maintaining cleanliness, and using the facilities according to their function.

Remember, taking care of our school facilities isn't just about following rules it's about showing respect for our learning environment and for everyone who uses it. When we all pitch in, our school stays a great place to be!

Participating in clean-up activities Joining school clean-up events or taking care of specific areas.

We use these facilities every day, so it’s our responsibility to take care of them.

And I think we should keep the school clean by throwing trash in the bin and helping with class duties like sweeping and wiping the board.

I also think we must use the school’s tools and furniture properly not scribbling on desks or damaging anything.

Setting a good example being a role model for other student is taking care of facilities

In my opinion, some of our students are In my opinion, some of the students who study at our school must look after and maintain the facilities provided by the school so that in the future the existing facilities can be used as well as possible and There are no damaged items or items that are not suitable for proper use, therefore we as school residents must care for and use them properly.

Bcs, students also have the right to use these facilities and infrastructure.

So, students also have to be responsible for maintaining these facilities and infrastructure.

A small example isn't drawing on the table, turning off the lights and fans when not in use.

I think students have an important role in maintaining and improving school facilities, which includes keeping them clean, reporting damage, using the facilities according to their function, and participating in maintenance activities.

Students can help with basic facility maintenance, such as watering plants, cleaning windows, or reporting damage to authorities.

Each student is responsible for maintaining cleanliness in the classroom and other school areas. This includes not littering, cleaning up spills, putting away used items, and using facilities appropriately.

• First, by maintaining cleanliness and maintaining existing facilities.

• Second, by actively participating in learning activities and making good use of available facilities.

• Third, by providing input and suggestions to the school for improving facilities and enhancing the learning environment.

not only our knowledge but also our character. It teaches us how to work hard, respect others, and be responsible. School also gives us the chance to make friends and create memories that last a lifetime

They also need to keep the environment clean by throwing trash in the proper place and helping in activities such as classroom cleaning or school maintenance programs.

In addition, students can give suggestions to the school about how to improve the facilities to make them more useful. By doing this, students show respect for their school and help create a comfortable learning environment for everyone.

Introduction and Definition of a Sentence:

• - The video begins with a greeting and introduction to the topic: **Passive Voice** in English for Grade 11 students.

• - The presenter emphasizes the importance of understanding **what a sentence is** before learning passive voice.

  
  

Definition of a sentence:

Minimum one subject + one predicate + conveys meaning.

Examples to clarify:

• “I eat” is a sentence (subject = I, predicate = eat).

• “Is going to hit” is not a sentence but a phrase (lacking subject or object).

• “D’Green is lying on the bed” is a sentence with subject, predicate, and adverbial phrase.

• Highlight: Sentences must make logical sense and have these minimum elements to qualify as sentences.

Active vs Passive Sentences in Indonesian Context

• Introduction to active and passive voice in Indonesian to relate with English structures.

• Active sentences typically use prefixes like **“me-”** (e.g., Ani membaca buku - Ani reads a book).

• Passive sentences use prefixes like **“di-”** (e.g., Buku dibaca oleh Ani - The book is read by Ani).

• Key point: Passive sentences shift focus from the doer (subject) to the object receiving the action.

• Important rule: Only sentences with **objects** can be made passive. Sentences without objects (e.g., “Syukri runs hard”) cannot be converted to passive voice.

Structure of Active Sentences and Identifying Objects

• Active sentences have at least one subject, one predicate, and usually an object.

• Examples:

• Mary helps the boy. (Mary = subject, helps = verb, the boy = object)

• john opens the door.

• I am reading a book.

• Differentiating objects from adverbials:

• Objects receive the action.

• Adverbials give information about time, place, or manner (often preceded by prepositions like in, on, at).

• Clarification: Objects are **nouns or pronouns** directly affected by the verb.

Converting Active Sentences to Passive Sentences: Basic Principles

• - The **object of the active sentence becomes the subject** in the passive sentence.

• - The verb changes according to tense and uses the **past participle (V3)**.

• - The original subject appears after the verb phrase, often preceded by **“by”** (optional if the doer is unknown or irrelevant).

• - Examples by tense:

• - Simple past: Mary helped the boy → The boy was helped by Mary.

• - Simple present: John opens the door → The door is opened by John.

• - Present continuous: I am reading a book → A book is being read by me.

• - The presenter explains the importance of verb forms V1, V2, and V3 in English grammar.

• - Pronouns in passive voice change accordingly (e.g., I → me).

Passive Voice Formulas Based on Tenses**

The video presents **eight core passive voice formulas** depending on the tense:

• - Simple present:

• - Formula: Is/am/are + v3 (past participle)

• - Example: The door is opened by john.

• - Present continuous:

• - Formula: Is/am/are + being + v3

• - Example: The book is being read by me.

• - Simple past:

• - Formula: Was/were + v3

• - Example: The boy was helped by mary.

• - Past continuous:

• - Formula: Was/were + being + v3

• - Note: not specified in detail.

• - Present perfect:

• - Formula: Has/have + been + v3

• - Example: The letter has been written by me.

• - Past perfect:

• - Formula: Had + been + v3

• - Note: not specified in detail.

• - Simple future:

• - Formula: Will + be + v3 or be going to + be + v3

• - Example: The letter will be written by me.

• - Future perfect:

• - Formula: Will + have + been + v3

• - Example: The letter will have been written by me

• - Emphasis on correct auxiliary verbs ("is," "are," "was," "were," "has," "have," "will") matching the subject and tense.

• - Reminder to add **“being”** in continuous tenses before V3.

• - The importance of understanding verb forms and auxiliary verbs to form correct passive sentences is highlighted.

Passive Voice with Two Objects

• - Explanation on handling sentences with **two objects**.

• - Example: “I’m going to tell him the truth.”

• - “him” = indirect object

• - “the truth” = direct object

• - In passive, you can promote either object as the new subject:

• - “He is going to be told the truth by me.”

• - “The truth is going to be told to him by me.”

• - The presenter stresses that both forms are correct and follow the same passive voice principles.

• - Reminder to adjust pronouns and auxiliary verbs accordingly.

  
  

Sentences Without Objects and Exercises

• - Reiteration that sentences without objects **cannot be transformed into passive voice**.

• - Example: “I cry in the kitchen” cannot be passive because it lacks an object.

• - The video then moves on to exercises involving passive voice across various tenses

Sample exercise breakdown:

• Simple Present:

• - Active: I write a letter.

• - Passive: A letter is written by me.

• Present Continuous:

• - Active: I am writing a letter.

• - Passive: A letter is being written by me.

• Simple Past:

• - Active: I wrote a letter.

• - Passive: A letter was written by me.

• Present Perfect:

• - Active: I have written a letter.

• - Passive: A letter has been written by me.

• Simple Future:

• - Active: I will write a letter.

• - Passive: A letter will be written by me.

• - Future (Going to):

• - Active: I am going to write a letter.

• - Passive: A letter is going to be written by me.

• - The exercises illustrate the application of passive voice rules in different tenses and modal verbs.

• - Pronoun changes and auxiliary verb agreements are reinforced.

• - The presenter encourages viewers to ask questions in the comment section for clarification.

Key Insights and Conclusions

• - A sentence requires at least one subject and one predicate and must convey meaning.**

• - **Only sentences with objects can be converted into passive voice.**

• - The **object in active sentences becomes the subject** in passive sentences.

• - Forming passive voice requires correct use of **auxiliary verbs** and **past participle (V3)**, adjusted according to tense.

• - Eight main passive voice formulas cover simple, continuous, perfect, future, and modal tenses.

• - For sentences with **two objects**, either object can be promoted to subject in passive form, with slight changes in sentence structure.

• - Sentences without objects (intransitive verbs) **cannot form passive sentences**.

• - Pronouns and auxiliary verbs must be adjusted correctly when converting active to passive voice.

• - Understanding verb forms V1, V2, and V3 is essential to mastering passive voice.

• - Continuous tenses require the auxiliary “being” before the past participle.

• - Modal verbs in passive voice follow a similar structure but include modals before “be” + V3.

• - Practice exercises reinforce the application of these rules across multiple tense forms.

What Is a Sentence?

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete idea, thought, or meaning. A sentence must have at least one subject and one predicate, and it must convey meaning.

Example of a sentence:

• "I eat." This is a sentence because it has a subject ("I") and a predicate ("eat") and it conveys meaning.

• 
  

Example of something that is not a sentence:

• "is going to eat" — This is only a predicate phrase; it has no subject.

Difference Between Active and Passive Sentences

1. Active Sentence: The verb usually begins with "me-" (in Indonesian). The subject performs the action.

   • Example: "Ani membaca buku cerita." (Ani reads a storybook.) — Ani is the subject doing the action.

2. Passive Sentence: The verb usually begins with "di-" or "ter-". The subject receives the action.

• Example: "Buku cerita dibaca oleh Ani." (The storybook is read by Ani.) — The storybook is the subject receiving the action.

Main Requirement for Making Passive Sentences

A sentence can only be changed into passive voice if it has an object.

An object is something that receives the action from the subject.

Examples of sentences that CANNOT be made passive (because they have no object):

• "I eat." — Eat what? No object.

• "She cries very hard." — "Very hard" is an adverb, not an object.

• "I sleep early tonight." — "Early" and "tonight" are adverbs, not objects.

• "The bus is coming." — No object.

Basic Formula of Passive Voice

• Active Sentence: Subject + Verb + Object

• Passive Sentence: Object (moved to the front as the new subject) + be + Verb 3 + by Subject (moved to the back as the 'agent')

The be form (such as is, am, are, was, were, been, being) and the past participle (Verb 3) are required in passive voice.

Examples of the Formula in 3 Tenses

Simple Past Tense

• Active: "Mary helped the boy."

• Passive: "The boy was helped by Mary."

Explanation: "be" becomes "was" (because it's Simple Past and the subject "The boy" is singular) + Verb 3 of "help" is "helped".

Simple Present Tense

• Active: "John opens the door."

• Passive: "The door is opened by John."

Explanation: "be" becomes "is" (because it's Simple Present and the subject "The door" is singular) + Verb 3 of "open" is "opened".

Present Continuous Tense

• Active: "I am reading a book."

• Passive: "A book is being read by me."

Explanation: Since this is Continuous (ongoing), the formula becomes "is + being + Verb 3 (read)". The word "being" is required to show the ongoing action.

List of 8 Passive Voice Formulas by Tense

Simple Present Tense

• Formula: is / am / are + Verb 3

• Example: "The letter is written by Sarah."

Present Continuous Tense

• Formula: is / am / are + being + Verb 3

• Example: "The cake is being baked by my mom."

Present Perfect Tense

• Formula: has / have + been + Verb 3

• Example: "The documents have been signed by the manager."

Simple Past Tense

• Formula: was / were + Verb 3

• Example: "The window was broken by the boy."

Past Continuous Tense

• Formula: was / were + being + Verb 3

• Example: "The house was being cleaned by the maid."

Past Perfect Tense

• Formula: had + been + Verb 3

• Example: "The project had been completed by the team."

Simple Future Tense

• Formula 1: will + be + Verb 3

• Example: "The report will be submitted by her."

• Formula 2: is / am / are + going to + be + Verb 3

• Example: "The truth is going to be revealed by the witness."

Future Perfect Tense

• Formula: will + have + been + Verb 3

• Example: "The building will have been finished by next year."

Special Case: Sentences with Two Objects

What if an active sentence has two objects?

Example (Active):
"I am going to tell him (Object 1) the truth (Object 2)."

This can be changed into passive in two ways:

1. Object 1 (him) becomes the subject:

   • "He is going to be told the truth by me."

2. Object 2 (the truth) becomes the subject:

• "The truth is going to be told to him by me." (Note the addition of the word "to".)

Active sentences focus on the doer of the action, while passive sentences emphasize the receiver. In Indonesian, active verbs usually use the prefix me-, while passive verbs use di- or ter-. Only sentences with objects can be changed into the passive voice, since the object in the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive one. The verb must change according to the tense and use the past participle (V3) form, while the original subject may appear after by. The auxiliary verb to be also changes according to tense and subject number.

Verb forms are essential: V1 (base form), V2 (simple past), and V3 (past participle, used in passive). The correct verb and auxiliary depend on the tense. There are eight main passive voice formulas:

• Simple Present: is/am/are + V3

• Simple Past: was/were + V3

• Present Continuous: is/am/are + being + V3

• Past Continuous: was/were + being + V3

• Present Perfect: has/have + been + V3

• Past Perfect: had + been + V3

• Simple Future: will + be + V3 or be going to + be + V3

• Future Perfect: will + have + been + V3

Sentences with two objects can form two types of passive voice, depending on which object becomes the subject, with the other following by or to. Common mistakes include confusing adverbs with objects, forgetting to adjust auxiliary verbs, omitting being in continuous tenses, and misusing the past participle.

Understanding sentence structure is essential because identifying the subject, predicate, and object correctly forms the basis of passive voice. Passive voice requires an object, and the transformation must follow the correct tense and verb form. Tense determines the auxiliary verb and verb form used. Continuous and perfect tenses are more complex due to the use of being and been. Pronouns also change form—subjects in active sentences become objects in passive ones and vice versa. Regular practice with various tenses strengthens mastery of passive construction.

For example, “I eat” is a complete sentence, “is going to hit” is only a phrase, and “ran” is just a word. In Indonesian: “Ani membaca buku cerita” (active) becomes “Buku cerita dibaca oleh Ani” (passive). Auxiliary verbs vary by tense (is/am/are, was/were, has/have been, will be, etc.), and singular subjects use is/was while plural ones use are/were.

Example: “Mary helps the boy” → “The boy is helped by Mary.” Pronouns also shift: I → me, he → him, they → them, etc. In double-object sentences like “I’m going to tell him the truth,” both “He is going to be told the truth by me” and “The truth is going to be told to him by me” are correct. Modal verbs (must, should) also follow passive rules: “The letter must be written.” Note that some verbs, like read, have the same spelling in V2 and V3 but different pronunciation.

For deeper understanding, learners are encouraged to study related videos on explanation texts and pronouns as additional resources.

- What is a Sentence? The video first defines a sentence as a group of words containing at least one subject and one predicate that conveys a complete meaning

- Active vs. Passive: It explains the difference between active and passive sentences. In Indonesian, active verbs often start with "me-" (e.g., membaca - to read), while passive verbs use "di-" or "ter-" (e.g., *dibaca* - to be read)

- The Golden Rule: A sentence must have an object to be changed into the passive voice. Sentences without an object (e.g., "She cries very hard," "The bus is coming") cannot be made passive

- Basic Passive Formula: The core principle is that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

The basic structure is:

Subject (from active object) + be + Verb 3 + (by Agent)

The "by..." phrase (showing who did the action) is optional

• Passive Voice Formulas by Tense

The video provides specific formulas for changing active sentences to passive in various tenses

- Simple Present: `is/am/are + Verb 3`

- Simple Past: `was/were + Verb 3`

- Present Continuous: `is/am/are + being + Verb 3`

- Past Continuous: `was/were + being + Verb 3`

- Present Perfect: `has/have + been + Verb 3`

- Past Perfect: `had + been + Verb 3`

- Simple Future: `will + be + Verb 3`

- Be Going To: `is/am/are + going to + be + Verb 3`

- Modals (must, should, etc.): `Modal + be + Verb 3`

- Future Perfect: `will + have + been + Verb 3`

• Other Topics:

- Sentences with Two Objects: If an active sentence has two objects (e.g., "I am going to tell *him* *the truth*"), either object can be used as the subject for the passive sentence.

- Practice: The lesson concludes with several practice exercises, converting active sentences to passive using the different tense rules

1.Foundational Rules for Passive Voice

• Definition of a Sentence: A valid sentence must minimally contain one subject, one predicate (verb), and must convey meaning.

• ​The Crucial Condition: An active sentence can only be converted into the passive voice if it is a transitive sentence, meaning it must have an object (S-V-O). Sentences without an object (S-V-Adverb) cannot be made passive.

  
  

2.The Basic Conversion Strucsente

The conversion from Active to Passive follows a core structure, which is then adapted for each tense:

1. The Object from the active sentence moves to the front and becomes the new Subject.

2. The new Subject is followed by a form of To Be (which changes based on the original tense).

3. The main verb is always converted into the Verb 3 (Past Participle) form.

4. The original active subject can optionally be added at the end using "by Subject".

   
   

3.Passive Voice Formulas by Tense

​The conversion involves adapting the core structure by adjusting the form of To Be or adding specific words.

•​Simple Tenses:

1. Simple Present: Uses To Be (is/am/are) + V3. Example: A letter is written by me.

2. ​Simple Past: Uses To Be (was/were) + V3. Example: A letter was written by me.

3. Simple Future (with will): Uses will + be + V3.

4. Simple Future (with be going to): Uses be going to + be + V3.

   
   

•​Continuous Tenses:

1. ​Present Continuous: Uses To Be (is/am/are) + being + V3. The word being is necessary to replace the V-ing from the active form.

2. ​Past Continuous: Uses To Be (was/were) + being + V3.

   
   

•​Perfect Tenses:

1. ​Present Perfect: Uses has/have + been + V3. The word been is added after has/have.

2. Past Perfect: Uses had + been + V3.

3. Future Perfect: Uses will have + been + V3.

   
   

• ​Modals:

• ​For sentences using modals (like must, can, should), the structure is the modal + be + V3.

4. Special Cases

​Two Objects: If an active sentence has two objects for example : I told him the truth, either object can become the new subject. If the non-subject object remains, you must add the preposition 'to' before it for example : The truth is going to be told to him by me.

1. Definition and Necessary Condition

The video begins by defining a sentence as a structure containing at least one subject and one predicate (verb) that conveys meaning. It then introduces the concept of Active and Passive Voice, noting that in Indonesian, active verbs often start with 'me-' while passive verbs start with 'di-' or 'ter-'. The essential condition for any active sentence to be converted into the passive voice is that it must have an object. Sentences without an object (intransitive verbs), such as "She sleeps," cannot be made passive.

2. The General Conversion Rule

The conversion from the active structure (Subject + Verb + Object) to the passive structure follows a fundamental rule:

• The Object of the active sentence moves to the front and becomes the New Subject of the passive sentence.

• The Verb is always changed into its Verb 3 (Past Participle) form.

• The auxiliary verb Be is introduced and must be correctly conjugated to match the tense of the original active sentence.

• The original Subject moves to the end, is preceded by the preposition "by," and is often optional, especially if the doer is unknown or unimportant.

The resulting general formula is: New Subject + Be (conjugated) + Verb 3 + (by Agent)

3. Handling Sentences with Two Objects

For active sentences containing both an indirect object (e.g., him) and a direct object (e.g., the truth), the video explains that either object can be chosen to become the new subject of the passive sentence. When the direct object becomes the subject, a preposition (like to or for) is often needed before the indirect object (e.g., The truth is going to be told to him).

This comprehensive summary covers the definitions, the mandatory condition, the general formula, the specific tense adjustments, and the rule for handling two objects, as detailed in the lesson.

1. Use facilities responsibly

2. Report damage or potential hazards

3. Initiate maintenance or cleaning activities

4. Reject neglectful or destructive behavior from peers

1. Definition of a Sentence

A Sentence is a word arrangement that minimally must have one subject, one predicate, and convey meaning.

Example: I eat fulfills the elements of a subject and a predicate, and has meaning.

2. Active vs. Passive Sentences

*Active: The subject performs an action.

* Passive: The subject receives or is acted upon by an action.

3. Main Requirement for Passive Sentences

A sentence that can be changed to passive must have an object (transitive verb). A sentence that only has a subject and a predicate, or has an adverb (description) instead of an object cannot be made passive.

4. Basic Formula for Changing Active to Passive

* Active Sentence: Subject (S) + Verb (V) + Object (O)

* Passive Sentence: Object (O) + Be + Verb 3 (V3) + (by Subject)

* The Object of the active sentence becomes the Subject of the passive sentence.

+The Be verb must be adjusted according to the Tense and the new subject.

+ The Verb is always in the V3 (Past Participle) form.

+The By Subject (the performer of the action) is optional.

5. Passive Formulas Based on Tenses (Summary: Be + V3)

The form of 'Be' changes based on the tense:

* Simple Present: is/am/are + V3

Example: A letter is written.

* Present Continuous: is/am/are + being + V3

Example: A letter is being written.

* Present Perfect: has/have + been + V3

Example: A letter has been written.

* Simple Past: was/were + V3

Example: A letter was written.

* Past Continuous: was/were + being + V3

Example: A letter was being written.

* Past Perfect: had + been + V3

Example: A letter had been written.

* Simple Future: will + be + V3 or be going to + be + V3

Example: A letter will be written.

* Future Perfect: will + have + been + V3

Example: A letter should have been written.

* Modals: modal + be + V3

Example: A letter must be written.

6. Sentences with Two Objects

If an active sentence has two objects (direct and indirect) can choose either one to become the subject in the passive sentence.

* Active Example: I am going to tell him the truth.

* Passive 1 (Subject: him)

He is going to be told the truth by me.

* Passive 2 (Subject: the truth)

The truth is going to be told to him by me.

(Note the addition of to before the second object).

The passive voice is a sentence form where the subject receives the action, rather than performs it.

➤ Example:

Active: The chef cooks the meal.

Passive: The meal is cooked by the chef.

It is used to emphasize the action or object, not the doer.

2. When to Use the Passive Voice

When the performer (agent) is unknown.

e.g., The window was broken last night.

When the performer is not important.

e.g., The road is being repaired.

When we want to focus on the result.

e.g., The product has been sold out.

3. General Formula

Subject + To Be (am / is / are / was / were / be / been / being) + Past Participle (V3) + [by + agent (optional)]

4. Converting from Active to Passive

Tense Active Form Passive Form Example

Simple Present S + V1 + O O + am/is/are + V3 (+ by S) She cleans the room → The room is cleaned by her

Simple Past S + V2 + O O + was/were + V3 (+ by S) He wrote a letter → A letter was written by him

Present Continuous S + am/is/are + V-ing + O O + am/is/are + being + V3 They are building a bridge → A bridge is being built

Present Perfect S + have/has + V3 + O O + have/has + been + V3 She has finished the work → The work has been finished

Future (will) S + will + V1 + O O + will + be + V3 He will repair the car → The car will be repaired

5. Pronoun Changes

Active Subject Becomes (Agent)

I → by me You → by you

He → by him She → by her

We → by us They → by them

6. Passive without “by”

The by-phrase can be omitted when the doer is not important or obvious.

➤ Examples:

The thief was arrested (by the police).

English is spoken here.

7. Practice Examples (from the lesson)

1. The teacher explains the lesson. → The lesson is explained by the teacher.

2. They built this house in 1990. → This house was built in 1990.

3. Someone has stolen my bag. → My bag has been stolen.

4. People speak English all over the world. → English is spoken all over the world.

8. Common Mistakes Discussed

Using the wrong form of “to be” for the tense.

Forgetting to change the verb to V3 (past participle).

Always including “by” even when unnecessary.

9. Conclusion

The passive voice is common in news reports, formal writing, and exams.

Key steps:

1. Identify the object in the active sentence.

2. Make it the subject.

3. Add the correct form of to be.

4. Change the verb to past participle (V3).

Use “by” only when the performer is relevant or important.

Passive voice is a sentence in which the subject receives the action, not performs the action.

The focus is on the result or the object of the action.

Example:

•Active: The teacher teaches the class.

•Passive: The class is taught by the teacher.

2.Structure / Form

General pattern of passive voice:

→ Subject + to be (in the correct tense) + past participle (V3) + (by + agent)

Notes:

•The form of to be must follow the tense of the active sentence.

•The past participle (V3) is used as the main verb.

•The agent (doer of the action) using “by …” is optional.

3.When Passive Voice is Used

Passive voice is used when:

•The doer of the action is unknown

•The doer is not important to mention

•The focus is on the object or result of the action

•In formal writing, scientific reports, news, or instructions

Example:

The experiment was conducted.

(It doesn’t need to state who did it)

Topic Important Information

Focus On the object or the result

Structure S + to be + V3 + (by + agent)

Verb form Must use past participle

Agent Can be removed if unnecessary

- WHAT IS A SENTENCE?

it should minimally contain 1 subject, 1 predicate and Convey meaning

#example

- I eat

Aktif : kt kerja nya diawali me-

Pasif : kt kerjanya diawali dengan imbuhan di-, atau ber-

# example

1. Ani reads a story book (aktif)

2. Story book read by Ani (pasif)

Remember ❗

- There are sentences that cannot be made into passive. Those sentences should be whithout object

# Example

1. She cries very hard

2. I sleep early tonight

*Active to Passive*

S + V + O (active)

O + be + V3 + by S (optional) (Passive)

#Example

- Marry helped the boy (active)

- The boy was helped by marry (passive)

List Formula Of Passive :

1. Simple present tense: be(is, am are) + V3

2. Present continuous tense: be(is, am, are) + being + V3

3. Present perfect tense: has/have + been + V3

4. Simple past tense: be (was,were) + being + V3

5. Past continous tense: be (was, were) + being + V3

6. Past perfect tense: had + been + V3

7. Simple future tense: wil/ be( is, am ,are) going to + be + V3

8. Future perfect tense: will + have + been + V3

*PASSIVE WITH 2 OBJECT*

Active:

Iam going to tell him the truth

Passive:

He is going to be told the truth by me

The truth is going to be told to him by me

# penggunaan object yg dipakai terserah, hanya salah satu

– WHAT IS A SENTENCE

it should minimally contain 1 SUBJECT, 1 PREDICATE, and CONVEY MEANING.

Example :

- I eat

• Aktif : the verb begins with the prefix me-

• Pasif : the verb begins with the suffix di-, ber-

Example :

1. Ani reads a story book (aktif)

2. Story book read by Ani (pasif)

REMEMBER !!

- There are sentences that cannot be Made into passive. Those sentences should be without object

Example :

1. She cries very hard

2. I sleep early tonight

– ACTIVE TO PASSIVE

S+ V+ O (active)

O+ be+ V3+ by S(optional) (passive)

Example :

1. Marry helped the boy (active)

2. The boy was halped by marry (passive)

– LIST OF FORMULA OF PASSIVE :

1. Simple present tense : be (is,am,are)+V3

2. Present continuous tense : be (is,am,are)+ being+V3

3. Present perfect tense : has/have+been+V3

4. Simple past tense : be (was,were)+V3

5. Past continuous tense : be (was,were)+being+V3

6. Past perfect tense : had+been+V3

7. Simple future tense : will/be (is,am,are) going to+be+V3

8. Future perfect tense : will+have+been+V3

– PASSIVE WITH 2 OBJECTS

• Active : Am going to tell him the truth.

• Passive : He is going to be told the truth by me.

The truth is going to be told to him by me.

Passive Voice digunakan ketika fokus kalimat adalah pada objek atau tindakan yang diterima subjek, bukan pada pelaku tindakan.

➡️ Rumus umum:

Subject + to be + past participle (V3) + (by + doer)

Contoh:

Active: The teacher explains the lesson.

Passive: The lesson is explained (by the teacher).

2. Perubahan dari Active ke Passive

Langkah-langkah:

Objek kalimat aktif menjadi subjek baru.

Kata kerja utama diubah ke bentuk V3 (past participle).

Tambahkan to be sesuai tenses kalimat aktif.

Subjek aktif (pelaku) menjadi agent dan diawali by (opsional jika tidak penting).

3. Rumus Passive Voice Berdasarkan Tense

Simple Present : am/is/are + V3

Ex: They make cakes (active)

Cakes are made (passive)

Present Continuous : am/is/are + being + V3

Ex : They are making cakes

Cakes are being made

Simple Past : was/were + V3

Ex: They made cakes

Cakes were made

Past Continuous : was/were + being + V3

Ex : They were making cakes

Cakes were being made

Present Perfect : have/has + been + V3

Ex : They have made cakes

Cakes have been made

Future (will) : will + be + V3

Ex : They will make cakes

Cakes will be made

A sentence consists of at least one subject and one predicate, and has a clear meaning.

Example of a simple sentence:

I eat (I eat) → already fulfills the elements of subject and predicate.

Non-sentences:

Phrases without a subject or complete meaning, such as is going to hit or single words like run .

2. Active and Passive Sentences in Indonesian

Active sentences usually use the prefix me- (Ani membaca buku).

Passive sentences use the prefixes di- or ter- (buku telah dibaca oleh Ani).

The focus of a passive sentence is on the object being acted upon.

3. Conditions for Passive Sentences

Passive sentences must have an object that is subjected to the action.

Sentences without objects cannot be changed into passive sentences.

Example of a sentence that cannot be passive:

Syukri works hard (no object).

4. General Formula for Changing Active Sentences to Passive

Active sentence structure:

Subject + Verb + Object

Passive sentence:

Object (becomes new subject) + to be (according to tense) + Verb (past participle/V3) + by + old subject (optional)

Contoh:

Mary helps the boy → The boy is helped by Mary

5. Use of To Be According to Tenses

Simple Present: is/are + V3

Simple Past: was/were + V3

Present Continuous: is/are being + V3

Past Continuous: was/were being + V3

Present Perfect: has/have been + V3

Past Perfect: had been + V3

Simple Future: will be + V3 / be going to be + V3

Future Perfect: will have been + V3

6. Verb Tipe 3 (Past Participle)

For passive sentences, the verb used is the third form of the verb (V3).

Contoh: open → opened, write → written.

7. Sentences with Two Objects

Choose one of the objects to be the passive subject.

Contoh:

I am going to tell him the truth

→ He is going to be told the truth

atau

→ The truth is going to be told to him

8. Difference between Objects and Descriptions

An object is something that is subject to an action.

Adverbs provide information about time, place, manner, usually preceded by prepositions such as in, on, at .

Example:

He sleeps in the kitchen (has no object → cannot be passive).

9. Practice Questions and Understanding Tenses

Examples of active and passive sentences with various tenses are provided for practice.

It is important to understand the changes in the form of to be and verbs according to tense.

Definition:

Passive voice is a sentence form where the subject receives the action instead of doing it.

Structure:

* Subject + be (am/is/are/was/were/been/being) + past participle (V3) [+ by + agent]

Examples:

* Active: The chef cooks the meal.

* Passive: The meal is cooked (by the chef).

Uses:

* When the doer is unknown or unimportant

* To focus on the action or result

* In formal writing (reports, news, research, etc.)

Examples by Tense:

* Present Simple → The book is read.

* Past Simple → The book was read.

* Future → The book will be read.

* Present Perfect → The book has been read.

Notes:

* Only transitive verbs (with an object) can form passive voice.

* Avoid overusing it—active voice is clearer and stronger.

🔶Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice (kalimat pasif) adalah kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai tindakan, bukan melakukan tindakan. Fokus kalimat ada pada objek dari tindakan.

IN ENGLISH:

Passive voice is a sentence in which the subject is subjected to an action, not the one performing the action. The focus of the sentence is on the object of the action.

Contoh:

Active: they are cleaning the room

passive:the room is being cleaned by them

🔶Rumus Umum Passive Voice

> to be + past participle (V3)

Bentuk “to be” menyesuaikan dengan tenses kalimat.

🔶 Rumus Passive Voice Berdasarkan Tenses

Tense Rumus Passive Contoh

Simple Present: am / is / are + V3

»The book is read by Rina.

Present Continuous: am / is / are + being + V3

»The cake is being made by my mom.

Present Perfect: has / have + been + V3

»The letter has been sent.

Simple Past : was/ were + V3

»The song was sung by her.

Past Continuous: was / were + being + V3

»The door was being painted.

Past Perfect:had + been + V3

»The car had been repaired.

Simple Future: will + be + V3

»The report will be written tomorrow.

Future Perfect: will + have + been + V3

»The project will have been finished by 2026.

🔁 Perubahan dari Kalimat Aktif ke Pasif

1. Objek aktif → Subjek pasif

2. Kata kerja → Bentuk “to be + V3”

3. Subjek aktif → keterangan dengan “by” (bisa dihilangkan jika tidak penting)

Contoh:

Active: They built a bridge.

Passive: A bridge was built (by them).

⚙️ Kapan Menggunakan Passive Voice

Saat pelaku tidak diketahui atau tidak penting.

→ The window was broken last night.

Untuk menekankan hasil atau objek tindakan, bukan pelakunya.

→ The vaccine was developed in 2020.

🚫 Kata Kerja yang Tidak Bisa Dipasifkan

Kalimat dengan intransitive verb (tidak punya objek) tidak bisa dibuat pasif.

Contoh:

❌ He slept → tidak bisa menjadi pasif karena tidak ada objek.

Apakah kamu mau aku buatin versi ringkas tabel + contoh (biar gampang buat belajar cepat)?

# Sentence is should minimally contain 1 subject, 1 predicate, and convey meaning. So, if the sentence doesn't have a mean, it couldn't be called by sentence.

Ex :

• I eat (sentence)

• Is going to eat (not sentence, just phrase)

• He (not sentence, but word)

• The green idea is lying on bed (not sentence, don't have mean)

* Sentence without object can't be made into passive.

Ex:

• She cries very hard

• I sleep early tonight

• The bus is coming

* The Use of Passive Voice ↓

🟦Active formula :

S + V + O

↓ ↓ ↓

Marry helped the boy

🔵Passive formula :

→object in active is the subject in passive

O + be + V3 + by S (optional)

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

The boy was helped by Marry

* Passive with 2 objects :

🟦Active

>> I am going to tell him the truth

🔵Passive

>> He is going to be told the truth by me

>> The truth is going to be told to him by me

* Sentence without object :

> I cried in the kitchen

(can't be made into passive)

• Passive List Formula

  > Simple present tense :

  S + be (is, am, are) + V3

↓ ↓ ↓

ex : i am bored

> Present continuous tense:

S + be(is, am, are) + being + V3

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

ex : He was being shoked

> Past continuous tense :

S + be(was, were) + being + V3

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

ex : Lana was being so tired

Definition:

Passive voice is a sentence form in which the focus is on the receiver of the action rather than the doer. The subject of the sentence receives the action.

Structure:

The basic pattern of the passive voice is:

Subject + to be + past participle (V3) + by + object (optional)

Example:

• Active: The teacher explains the lesson.

• Passive: The lesson is explained (by the teacher).

Tense Changes:

• The verb “to be” changes according to the tense.

• Present Simple → am/is/are + V3

• Past Simple → was/were + V3

• Present Continuous → am/is/are being + V3

• Past Continuous → was/were being + V3

• Present Perfect → has/have been + V3

• Future → will be + V3

When to Use Passive Voice:

1. When the doer of the action is unknown or not important.

Example: The window was broken last night.

2. When we want to emphasize the result or object of the action.

Example: The project has been completed.

3. In formal or academic writing.

Common Mistakes:

• Forgetting to use the correct form of “to be.”

• Using the wrong past participle (V3).

Conclusion:

Passive voice helps focus on the action or the object, not the subject. Understanding its structure and tense changes is essential to form correct passive sentences.

(EXPLANATION TEXT)

WHAT IS A SENTENCE?

It should minimally contain 1 SUBJECT, 1 PREDICATE, and CONVEY MEANING.

Example:

- I eat. (Sentence)

- Is going to eat. (not a sentence, just a phrase).

He (Word)

The green idea is lying on bed. (Not a sentence because it doesn't convey meaning)

AKTIF: me-

PASIF: di-, ber-

Ani membaca buku cerita. (Aktif)

Buku cerita dibaca oleh Ani. (Pasif)

REMEMBER!

There are sentences that cannot be made into passive. Those sentences should be without object.

Example:

She cries very hard.

I sleep early tonight.

The bus is coming., etc.

Passive Voice

The use of passive voice:

Formula:

Active formula:

S+ V+O

Example:

Marry helped the boy.

John opens the door.

I am reading a book.

Passive formula:

OBJECT IN ACTIVE IS THE SUBJECT IN PASSIVE

O+ be + V3 + by S(optional)

Example:

(A) Marry helped the boy.

(P)The boy was helped (by Marry)

(A) John opens the door.

(P) The door is opened (by John)

(A) I am reading a book.

(p) A book is being read (by me)

List of formula of passive:

1. Simple Present tense: be(is,am,are)+ V3

2. Present continuous tense: be(is,am,are)+ being+ V3

3. Present perfect tense: has/have+ been+ V3

4. Simple past tense: be(was, were) + V3

5. Past continuous tense: be(was, were)+ being+ V3

6. Past perfect tense: had + been + V3

7. Simple Future tense: will/ be(is,am,are) going to + be + V3

8. Future perfect tense: will + have + been + V3

Passive with 2 objects

Active:

I am going to tell him the truth.

Passive:

He is going to be told the truth by me.

The truth is going to be told to him by me.

1. Definisi Kalimat

Kalimat minimal memiliki satu subjek, satu predikat, dan menyampaikan makna.

2. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif

- Kalimat aktif: Subjek melakukan aksi, misalnya "Ani membaca buku."

- Kalimat pasif: Objek kalimat aktif menjadi subjek kalimat pasif, misalnya "Buku dibaca oleh Ani."

3. Syarat Kalimat Pasif

Kalimat harus memiliki objek agar bisa diubah menjadi kalimat pasif.

4. Rumus Umum Mengubah Kalimat Aktif ke Pasif

- Obyek kalimat aktif menjadi subjek dalam kalimat pasif.

- Gunakan bentuk "to be" sesuai dengan tenses + verb bentuk ketiga (V3/past participle).

- Subjek kalimat aktif bisa ditambahkan dengan "by" dalam kalimat pasif (opsional).

5. Rumus Passive Voice Berdasarkan Tenses

- Simple Present: subjek + am/is/are + V3

Contoh: "John opens the door." → "The door is opened by John."

- Simple Past: subjek + was/were + V3

Contoh: "Mary helped the boy." → "The boy was helped by Mary."

- Present Continuous: subjek + am/is/are being + V3

Contoh: "I am reading a book." → "A book is being read by me."

- Past Continuous: subjek + was/were being + V3

Contoh: "They were repairing it." → "It was being repaired by them."

- Present Perfect: subjek + has/have been + V3

Contoh: "She has made a cake." → "A cake has been made by her."

- Past Perfect: subjek + had been + V3

Contoh: "He had finished the work." → "The work had been finished by him."

- Simple Future (will): subjek + will be + V3

Contoh: "They will build a house." → "A house will be built by them."

- Future dengan going to: subjek + am/is/are going to be + V3

Contoh: "I am going to write a letter." → "A letter is going to be written by me."

- Modal verbs: modal + be + V3

Contoh: "You must clean the room." → "The room must be cleaned by you."

6. Kalimat dengan Dua Objek

Jika kalimat memiliki dua objek, pilih salah satu yang akan dijadikan subjek pasif.

Contoh: "I am going to tell him the truth."

Pasif bisa menjadi:

- "He is going to be told the truth."

- "The truth is going to be told to him."

7. Kalimat Tanpa Objek

Kalimat tanpa objek tidak bisa dibuat menjadi kalimat pasif karena tidak ada benda yang dikenai aksi.

Syarat kalimat pasif : "Harus memiliki Objek"

Active Formula -> S + V + O

Passive Formula -> Object in active is in the subjects in passive = O + be + V3 + by S (optional)

Example 1 : Marry (S) + helped (V) + the boy (O)

Passive -> The boy (O) + was (be) + helped (V3) + by Marry (by S)

Example 2 : I am reading a book

Passive -> A book is being read by me

(Jika pada kalimat terdapat Ving dan akan dirubah menjadi Passive Voice, maka ada tambahan "being" sebelum Verb)

LIST FORMULA of PASSIVE :

~ Present

1. Simple = be (is, am, are) + V3

2. Continuous = be (is, am, are) + being + V3

3. Perfect = has/have + been + V3

~ Past

1. Simple = be (was/were) + V3

2. Continuous = be (was/were) + being + V3

3. Perfect = had + been + V3

~ Future

1. Simple = will/be (is, am, are) going to + be + V3

2. Perfect = will + have + been + V3

# Passive Voice with 2 Objects #

Active = I (S) am going to tell (P) him (O1) the truth (O2)

Karena ada dua objek, jadi harus memilih salah satu untuk diubah menjadi Passive Voice

jika menggunakan O1 :

He is going to be told the truth by me

jika menggunakan O2 :

The truth is going to be told to him by me

In an active sentence, the subject performs an action, such as in “The chef cooks the meal.” In this case, the focus is on the chef. When changed into a passive form, the sentence becomes “The meal is cooked by the chef,” which draws attention to the meal instead of the doer of the action. This shift in focus is the main reason passive voice is used to emphasize the result or the receiver of the action rather than the performer.

Not every sentence can be turned into passive voice. To form one, there must be an object in the active sentence that can become the new subject. If there is no object, the sentence remains active. For example, “He sleeps” cannot be changed into passive because there is no object receiving the action.

The process of converting an active sentence into passive form follows a basic formula:

Object (of the active sentence) + to be + past participle + (by subject).

The form of “to be” changes depending on the tense of the original sentence.

Present tense: They clean the room → The room is cleaned.

Past tense: She wrote a letter → A letter was written.

Future tense: He will build a house → A house will be built.

Each transformation requires the correct verb tense and the past participle form of the main verb. Words such as cleaned, written, and built show this pattern clearly.

Some verbs take two objects, like give or send. These can produce two possible passive sentences depending on which object is emphasized.

Active: She gave me a book.

Passive 1: A book was given to me.

Passive 2: I was given a book.

Both are grammatically correct; the difference lies in which element is highlighted.

However, verbs that do not take an object; such as sleep, arrive, go, die, or happen, cannot be made passive because there is nothing to turn into the new subject. Recognizing this limitation is one of the key challenges in understanding how passive structures work.

In summary, the explanation highlights what passive voice is, how it differs from active voice, and what grammatical patterns must be followed to form it correctly. It also emphasizes the importance of identifying subjects, verbs, and objects in order to build accurate and meaningful sentences in English.

(EXPLANATION TEXT)

1.What is Sentence?

It should minimally countain 1 subject, 1 predicate, and convey meaning.

Example:

-I eat (sentence)

-Is going to eat (not a sentence, just a phrase)

Active: me-

Passive: di- , ber-

example:

Ani membaca buku cerita (active)

Buku cerita dibaca oleh Ani (passive)

REMEMBER! •There are sentences that cannot be made into passive. Those sentences should be without object. Example: She cries very hard

2.the use of passive voice:

formula:

active formula:

S + V + O (active)

O + be + V3 by S (optional)

example:

1) Marry helped the boy (active)

2) The boy was helped by Marry (passive)

3.List of Formula of Passive

1) Simple Present Tense: be(is,am,are)+V3

2) Present Continuous Tense: be(is,am,are)+being+V3

3) Present Perfect Tense: has/have+been+V3

4) Simple Past Tense: be(was/were)+V3

5) Past Continuous Tense: be(was/were)+being+V3

6) Past Perfect Tense: has+been+V3 7) Simple Future Tense: will/be(is,am,are) going to+be+V3

8) Future Perfect Tense: wil+have+been+V3

4.Passive with Two Object

active:

I am going to tell him the truth passive:

He is going to be told the truth by me

the truth is going to be told to him by me

1. Definition

The passive voice is when the subject of a sentence is the receiver of an action, rather than the doer. In other words, something is done to the subject rather than the subject doing something.

Example: Instead of “The teacher teaches the students,” we have “The students are taught by the teacher.”

2. Structure / Formula

The video explains that to form passive sentences, you generally use a form of the verb to be + the past participle (third form) of the main verb.

Then the agent (the “doer”) may be included using “by …” but it can be omitted if unknown or unimportant.

3. Conversion from Active to Passive

The steps include:

Identify the object in the active sentence -> this becomes the subject in the passive sentence.

Choose the correct to be form according to tense (is/are, was/were, has been, etc.).

Use the past participle (verb 3) of the main verb.

Optionally add “by + agent”.

Example: Active: “They built the house.” -> Passive: “The house was built by them.”

4. Functions / Why use passive voice

Some reasons to use passive voice:

When you want to emphasise the action or result rather than the doer.

When the doer is unknown, unimportant, or obvious from context.

In formal writing (reports, scientific text), where the focus is on the process or outcome rather than who performed it.

5. Examples and practice

The video gives several example sentences across different tenses, showing how the forms change in passive: simple present, simple past, present perfect, etc.

It also invites students to practice converting active sentences into passive—>helping to reinforce the rules and patterns.

6. Important points to watch out for

Even in passive sentences the verb’s tense must match the original active tense (via the correct to be form).

The “by …” phrase (agent) is optional. You can omit it if the agent is unknown or not important.

Some active sentences cannot or are awkward to convert into passive voice (especially when there’s no direct object, or when the object is a clause).

1. Definition

A passive sentence is a sentence in which the subject receives the action.

Example: The door is opened by John.

2. Conditions for Passive Voice

A sentence can only be changed into the passive voice if it has an object.

Example:

I eat rice can be made passive.

I sleep early cannot be made passive because there is no object.

3. General Formula

Object + to be + Verb 3 + by + Subject

The phrase by + subject may be omitted if it is not important.

4. Formulas Based on Tenses

a. Simple Present: is, am, are + Verb 3 (A letter is written.)

b. Present Continuous: is, am, are + being + Verb 3 (A letter is being written.)

c. Present Perfect: has, have + been + Verb 3 (A letter has been written.)

d. Simple Past: was, were + Verb 3 (A letter was written.)

e. Past Continuous: was, were + being + Verb 3 (A letter was being written.)

f. Past Perfect: had + been + Verb 3 (A letter had been written.)

g. Simple Future: will + be + Verb 3 (A letter will be written.)

h. Future Perfect: will + have + been + Verb 3 (A letter will have been written.)

5. Sentences with Two Objects

Example: I am going to tell him the truth.

He is going to be told the truth.

The truth is going to be told to him.

6. Sentences That Cannot Be Made Passive

Sentences without an object cannot be changed into passive voice.

Example: I sleep in the kitchen.

1. Definition

Passive voice is a sentence whose subject receives the action, not performs it. The focus is not on the doer but on the object that receives the action.

2. General characteristics of a sentence:

A sentence must have at least one subject and one predicate, and it must have a complete meaning.

A sentence without an object cannot be changed into a passive form.

Example:

Active: Ani reads a storybook.

Passive: The storybook is read by Ani.

3. Requirements for a sentence to be changed into passive:

• Must have an object (something that receives the action).

• If there is no object, the sentence cannot be changed into passive.

  
  

  Example: She sleeps early → cannot be changed into passive because there is no object.

4. Basic pattern:

🌸 Active sentence:

Subject + Verb + Object

🌸 Passive sentence:

Object (active) → Subject (passive) + to be + Verb 3 + (by Subject)

The phrase “by Subject” can be omitted if the doer is not important or not known.

5. Difference between object and adverb:

• Object: a thing or person that receives the action.

• Adverb: shows time, place, or manner, usually begins with on, in, at, or ends with -ly.

  
  

6. Steps to change active into passive:

1. Move the object in the active sentence to the subject position

2. Adjust the form of “to be” according to the tense and the new subject.

3. Use the Verb 3 (past participle).

4. Add “by” followed by the doer if necessary.

7. Example of transformation:

a. Simple Past

Active: Mary helped the boy

Passive: The boy was helped by Mary

b.Simple Present

Active: John opens the door

Passive: The door is opened by John

c. Present Continuous

Active: I am reading a book

Passive: A book is being read by me

8. Passive voice formulas based on tenses:

• Passive voice with two objects:

If an active sentence has two objects, you can choose one of them to become the subject in the passive sentence.

Example:

Active: I am going to tell him the truth

Passive 1: He is going to be told the truth by me

Passive 2: The truth is going to be told to him by me

9. Sentences that cannot be changed into passive:

Sentences without objects (for example, only with subject and predicate) cannot be changed into passive.

Example: I cook in the kitchen → cannot be changed, because “in the kitchen” is an adverb of place, not an object.

10. Practice transformation examples:

1. I write a letter → A letter is written by me

2. I am writing a letter → A letter is being written by me

3. I wrote a letter → A letter was written by me

4. I was writing a letter → A letter was being written by me

5. I have written a letter → A letter has been written by me

6. I had written a letter → A letter had been written by me

7. I will write a letter → A letter will be written by me

8. I am going to write a letter → A letter is going to be written by me

9. I must write a letter → A letter must be written by me

10. I will have written a letter → A letter will have been written by me

11. Conclusion:

• Passive sentences emphasize the receiver of the action.

• Use Verb 3 and the proper “to be” form according to the tense.

• Not all active sentences can be changed into passive (especially those without an object).

“By” can be omitted if the doer is not important to mention.

• Purpose: To teach how to form and use the passive voice correctly.

— Active vs Passive Voice —

Active voice: The subject performs the action.

→Ex: Rama eats a banana.

Passive voice: The subject receives the action.

→Example: A banana is eaten by Rama

Passive Voice Structure

The basic pattern of the passive voice is:

Subject + to be + past participle (V3) + by + object (optional)

→Ex:

Active: The teacher explains the lesson.

Passive: The lesson is explained (by the teacher).

Example of Tense Transformation

• Simple Present:

Active: She writes a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by her.

• Simple Past:

Active: He cleaned the room.

Passive: The room was cleaned by him.

• Future Tense:

Active: They will build a house.

Passive: A house will be built by them.

A sentence consists of at least one subject and one predicate, and has a clear meaning.

Example of a simple sentence:

I eat (I eat) → already fulfills the elements of subject and predicate.

Non-sentences:

Phrases without a subject or complete meaning, such as is going to hit or single words like run .

2. Active and Passive Sentences in Indonesian

Active sentences usually use the prefix me- (Ani membaca buku).

Passive sentences use the prefixes di- or ter- (buku telah dibaca oleh Ani).

The focus of a passive sentence is on the object being acted upon.

3. Conditions for Passive Sentences

Passive sentences must have an object that is subjected to the action.

Sentences without objects cannot be changed into passive sentences.

Example of a sentence that cannot be passive:

Syukri works hard (no object).

4. General Formula for Changing Active Sentences to Passive

Active sentence structure:

Subject + Verb + Object

Passive sentence:

Object (becomes new subject) + to be (according to tense) + Verb (past participle/V3) + by + old subject (optional)

Contoh:

Mary helps the boy → The boy is helped by Mary

5. Use of To Be According to Tenses

Simple Present: is/are + V3

Simple Past: was/were + V3

Present Continuous: is/are being + V3

Past Continuous: was/were being + V3

Present Perfect: has/have been + V3

Past Perfect: had been + V3

Simple Future: will be + V3 / be going to be + V3

Future Perfect: will have been + V3

6. Verb Tipe 3 (Past Participle)

For passive sentences, the verb used is the third form of the verb (V3).

Contoh: open → opened, write → written.

7. Sentences with Two Objects

Choose one of the objects to be the passive subject.

Contoh:

I am going to tell him the truth

→ He is going to be told the truth

atau

→ The truth is going to be told to him

8. Difference between Objects and Descriptions

An object is something that is subject to an action.

Adverbs provide information about time, place, manner, usually preceded by prepositions such as in, on, at .

Example:

He sleeps in the kitchen (has no object → cannot be passive).

9. Practice Questions and Understanding Tenses

Examples of active and passive sentences with various tenses are provided for practice.

It is important to understand the changes in the form of to be and verbs according to tense

1. Definition of Passive Voice

Passive voice is a sentence form where the subject receives the action rather than doing it.
In other words, the focus is on the action or the object, not the doer.

📘 Example:

• Active: The teacher explains the lesson.

• Passive: The lesson is explained by the teacher.

2. Formula

List of formula of passive:

>Simple Present tense: be(is, am, are)+ V3

>Present continuous tense: be(is, am, are) + being+ V3

>Present perfect tense: has/have+ been+ V3

>Simple past tense: be (was, were) + V3

>Past continuous tense: be(was, were) + being + V3

>Past perfect tense: had + been + V3

>Simple Future tense: will/ be(is, am, are) going to + be + V3

>Future perfect tense: will + have + been + V3

3. How to Change Active to Passive

Steps:

1. Move the object of the active sentence to the subject position.

2. Use the correct form of to be according to the tense.

3. Change the main verb into past participle (V3).

4. Add by + agent if necessary (optional).

📘 Example:

• Active: They clean the room every day.

• Passive: The room is cleaned every day.

4. When to Use Passive Voice

✅ When the doer is unknown or unimportant.
✅ When the action or result is more important than who did it.
✅ Often used in formal writing, reports, or scientific texts.

In short:
Passive voice emphasizes the action or the object rather than the doer, and it is commonly used in formal or impersonal contexts.

the general formula for forming a passive sentence is: object (from the active sentence) + to be (is/am/are/was/were/be/been/being) + past participle (V3) + (by + subject). the "(by + subject)" part is optional and is used if the actor needs to be mentioned. to change an active sentence into a passive one, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence, and the main verb is changed into the past participle form. it is important to adjust the "to be" form to match the tense of the active sentence accordingly.

in some cases, the phrase "by + subject" can be omitted in the passive sentence. this usually happens when the actor is unknown, unimportant, or already clear from the context. for example, "the window was broken." in this sentence, it is not mentioned who broke the window because it may be unknown or irrelevant. the use of the passive voice without "by" is often used to emphasize the action or the result of the action.

- Definition:

A sentence must minimally contain one subject, one predicate, and convey meaning. Passive voice is a form of a sentence in which the subject receives the action of the verb instead of doing it.

- Active and Passive Sentences:

Active voice shows that the subject does the action. In Indonesian, active verbs usually use the prefix “me-”, while in English, the verb is in the base form (Verb 1).

Example: Rani writes a letter. (Rani menulis surat)

Passive voice shows that the subject receives the action. In Indonesian, passive verbs usually use the prefix “di-” or “ter-”, while in English, the verb uses “to be + past participle (V3)”.

Example: A letter is written by Rani. (Surat ditulis oleh Rani)

Only sentences that have an object can be changed into passive voice. Sentences without an object cannot be made passive.

Example:

Active: Rani eats rice. → Passive: Rice is eaten by Rani.

Active: Rani sleeps. → Cannot be changed into passive because there is no object.

- Formulas of Passive Voice:

1. Simple Present Tense: am/is/are + V3

Example: Active: She writes a letter. → Passive: A letter is written by her.

2. Present Continuous Tense: am/is/are + being + V3

Example: Active: She is writing a letter. → Passive: A letter is being written by her.

3. Present Perfect Tense: has/have + been + V3

Example: Active: She has written a letter. → Passive: A letter has been written by her.

4. Simple Past Tense: was/were + V3

Example: Active: She wrote a letter. → Passive: A letter was written by her.

5. Past Continuous Tense: was/were + being + V3

Example: Active: She was writing a letter. → Passive: A letter was being written by her.

6. Past Perfect Tense: had + been + V3

Example: Active: She had written a letter. → Passive: A letter had been written by her.

7. Simple Future Tense: will + be + V3

Example: Active: She will write a letter. → Passive: A letter will be written by her.

8. Future (be going to): am/is/are + going to + be + V3

Example: Active: She is going to write a letter. → Passive: A letter is going to be written by her.

9. Future Perfect Tense: will + have + been + V3

Example: Active: She will have written a letter. → Passive: A letter will have been written by her.

- Notes:

• “By + subject” can be omitted if the doer is not important or unknown. Example: The room is cleaned every day.

• Verb 3 (V3) refers to the past participle form of the verb, such as written, eaten, made, seen, built, etc.

• Passive voice is used when the subject receives the action rather than doing it. For example: “The cake was eaten by the children.”

• Note: Only sentences that have an object can be turned into passive. Sentences without objects cannot become passive.

• In comparison:

▪︎ Active: “She wrote the letter.”

▪︎ Passive: “The letter was written by her.”

🧮 Formulas for Passive in Various Tenses

• The video lists formulas for passive voice across several tenses:

▪︎ Simple Present: be (is/am/are) + V3

▪︎ Present Continuous: be (is/am/are) + being + V3

▪︎ Present Perfect: has/have been + V3

▪︎ Simple Past: be (was/were) + V3

▪︎ Past Continuous: be (was/were) + being + V3

▪︎ Past Perfect: had been + V3

▪︎ Simple Future: will/ be going to + be + V3

▪︎ Future Perfect: will have been + V3

📌 Key Points / Usage

• Passive voice shifts focus from who did the action to what action was done, or what received the action.

• It’s useful when:

▪︎ The doer (agent) is unknown, unimportant, or obvious.

▪︎ You want to emphasize the result rather than the doer.

• Remember: If a sentence has no object (i.e., no one/thing receives the action), you cannot convert it into a passive form.

📝 Why It’s Important

• Especially in academic texts, reports, explanations (like “explanation text” genres), passive voice is very common.

• Knowing how to convert active sentences into passive and understanding the appropriate tense/form helps you write more flexible, varied English.

1. Definition & Purpose

   • The passive voice is introduced as a way to shift the focus from the performer (agent) of the action to the receiver of the action.

   • It helps emphasize what is done, rather than who does it.

2. Structure / Form

   • The video breaks down the structure of passive sentences: Subject + “to be” verb + past-participle (V3) + [optional “by + agent”].

   • Examples are shown converting active sentences to passive ones, e.g.
     Active: “Someone cleans the classroom.”
     Passive: “The classroom is cleaned (by someone).”
     

3. Tenses & Variations

   • The presenter walks through various tense forms in passive voice (Simple Present, Present Continuous, Simple Past, etc.), showing how the “to be” part changes accordingly:

     • Simple Present: “A letter is written.”

     • Present Continuous: “A letter is being written.”

     • Simple Past: “A letter was written.”

     • And so on.

   • They also cover modal verbs + passive: e.g., “The car can be repaired.”

4. When to Use Passive Voice

   • Situations where the agent is unknown, not important, or better left out.

   • When you want to emphasize the action or the object rather than who performed it.

   • For more formal or academic style writing.

5. Important Notes & Tips

   • You don’t always need to include “by + agent” unless specifying who did it is necessary.

   • Overuse of passive can make writing less dynamic—so balance is important.

   • Practice converting active to passive and identifying when passive is preferred.

🌷1. Understanding Voice: Active vs. Passive

In English grammar, "voice" indicates whether the subject of a sentence is performing or receiving the action.

· Active Voice: The subject is the doer of the action.

· Example: The chef cooked the meal.

· Here, "the chef" (subject) is actively performing the action of cooking.

· Passive Voice: The subject is the receiver of the action.

· Example: The meal was cooked by the chef.

· Here, "the meal" (subject) is receiving the action of being cooked.

Why use the Passive Voice?

We use the passive voice to emphasize the action or the recipient of the action,rather than who performed it. This is common in:

· Formal or scientific writing: The experiment was conducted over three months.

· When the doer is unknown or unimportant: My wallet was stolen.

· When we want to avoid blaming someone: Mistakes were made.

🌷2. The Fundamental Rule for Forming the Passive

A sentence can only be changed from active to passive if it has a direct object.

✅ Can be passive (has an object):

· Active: The company launched a new product. ("a new product" is the object)

· Passive: A new product was launched by the company.

❌ Cannot be passive (no object):

· She sleeps. ("Sleeps" is an intransitive verb; there is no object).

· They arrived late.

· The baby smiled.

🌷3. The Core Formula

The universal structure for the passive voice is:

[New Subject] + [Form of 'to be'] + [Past Participle (V3)] + [by + Agent] (Optional)

Step-by-Step Transformation:

1. Identify the object of the active sentence. This object will become the new subject of your passive sentence.

2. Identify the tense of the active verb. Choose the correct form of the verb 'to be' (am, is, are, was, were, be, been) to match this tense AND the new subject.

3. Use the past participle (V3) of the main verb (e.g., taken, written, made, done).

4. The original subject can be placed after "by" at the end, but it is often omitted.

Example:

· Active: [The mechanic] [fixed] [my car].

· (Subject = The mechanic, Verb = fixed, Object = my car)

· Passive: [My car] [was] [fixed] [by the mechanic].

· (New Subject = My car, 'to be' = was (past tense), Past Participle = fixed)

🌷4. Passive Voice Across Different Tenses

The tense of the sentence is shown by the form of the verb 'to be'.

Tense Active Voice Passive Voice Formula Passive Voice Example

Simple Present He writes the report. is/am/are + V3 The report is written by him.

Present Continuous He is writing the report. is/am/are + being + V3 The report is being written by him.

Simple Past He wrote the report. was/were + V3 The report was written by him.

Past Continuous He was writing the report. was/were + being + V3 The report was being written by him.

Present Perfect He has written the report. has/have + been + V3 The report has been written by him.

Past Perfect He had written the report. had + been + V3 The report had been written by him.

Future (will) He will write the report. will be + V3 The report will be written by him.

Future (going to) He is going to write the report. is/am/are + going to be + V3 The report is going to be written by him.

Modals (can, should, must) He must write the report. Modal + be + V3 The report must be written by him.

🌷5. Special Cases: Verbs with Two Objects

Some verbs, like give, tell, send, show, offer, can have two objects: a direct object (the thing) and an indirect object (the person).

· Active: She gave me (indirect object) the book (direct object).

When making this passive, you have two correct options, depending on what you want to make the subject.

1. Making the PERSON the subject:

· Passive: I was given the book (by her).

2. Making the THING the subject:

· Passive: The book was given to me (by her).

Both sentences are grammatically correct and commonly used.

🌷6. Practice Exercise

Change the following sentences from active to passive voice.

1. They clean the office every evening.

2. The manager approved my request.

3. She is painting the old fence.

4. The company will announce the results tomorrow.

5. He has completed the project.

The video explains how to form and use the passive voice in English, emphasizing the rules and formulas for different tenses.

​1. Definition and Requirements

• ​Sentence Definition: A sentence must minimally contain one subject, one predicate (verb), and convey meaning.

• ​Active vs. Passive Voice: In the active voice, the subject performs the action. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action.

• ​The Crucial Rule: A sentence must have an object to be converted into the passive voice. Sentences with intransitive verbs (verbs without an object) cannot be made passive.

2. The Basic Formula

​The core principle for converting an active sentence (S + V + O) to a passive sentence is:

• ​The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

• ​The verb structure changes to: Be (adjusted for tense) + Verb 3 (Past Participle).

• ​The original subject (the actor) is often included as the agent using by (e.g., by him), but this is optional.

​Formula: New Subject (Original Object) + Be + Verb 3 + (by Agent)

3. Passive Voice Formulas for Different Tenses

​The video details the specific structure of the passive voice for eight common tenses:

• Simple Present= S + V1/Vs/es + O= is/am/are + V3= A letter is written.

• Simple Past= S + V2 + O= was/were + V3= A letter was written.

• Present Continuous= S + is/am/are + V-ing + O= is/am/are + being + V3= A letter is being written.

• Past Continuous= S + was/were + V-ing + O= was/were + being + V3= A letter was being written.

• Present Perfect= S + has/have + V3 + O= has/have + been + V3= A letter has been written.

• Past Perfect= S + had + V3 + O= had + been + V3= A letter had been written.

• Simple Future= S + will/be going to + V1 + O= will + be + V3/is/am/are going to be + V3= A letter will be written.

• Future Perfect= S + will + have + V3 + O= will + have + been + V3= A letter will have been written.

The video also explains that modals (such as must or can) follow the Simple Future pattern: Modal + be + V3 (e.g., A letter must be written).

4. Special Cases

A. Two Objects: If the active sentence has two objects (e.g., a direct and an indirect object), either one can be chosen to become the subject of the passive sentence.

• I am going to tell him the truth.

• Passive 1 (using 'him'): He is going to be told the truth by me.

• Passive 2 (using 'the truth'): The truth is going to be told to him by me.

1. Definition

Passive voice adalah kalimat yang menunjukkan bahwa subjek menerima tindakan, bukan melakukan tindakan.

Fokusnya ada pada hasil atau tindakannya, bukan pada siapa yang melakukan.

Contoh:

Active: The teacher teaches English.

Passive: English is taught by the teacher.

2. Formula

Object + to be + V3 + by + subject

Keterangan:

1.Object dari kalimat aktif menjadi subject di kalimat pasif.

2.“To be” disesuaikan dengan bentuk tenses-nya.

3.Kata kerja utama diubah ke bentuk ketiga (V3).

4.“By + subject” boleh dihapus jika pelaku tidak penting.

3. Bentuk “To Be” dalam Berbagai Tenses

- Simple Present: am / is / are

Contoh: The book is read by the student.

- Present Continuous: am / is / are + being

Contoh: The book is being read by the student.

- Simple Past: was / were

Contoh: The book was read by the student.

- Past Continuous: was / were + being

Contoh: The book was being read by the student.

- Present Perfect: has / have + been

Contoh: The book has been read by the student.

- Past Perfect: had + been

Contoh: The book had been read by the student.

- Future (will): will + be

Contoh: The book will be read by the student.

- Modal (can, must, should, dll): modal + be

Contoh: The book can be read by the student.

4. Cara Mengubah Kalimat Aktif ke Pasif

1. Pindahkan object ke depan (jadi subject).

2. Tambahkan “to be” sesuai tense.

3. Ubah kata kerja menjadi bentuk V3.

4. Tambahkan “by + subject” jika perlu.

Contoh:

- Active: They build a house.

- Passive: A house is built by them.

5. Kapan Menggunakan Passive Voice

- Jika pelaku tidak diketahui.

Contoh: The bag was stolen.

- Jika yang penting hasilnya, bukan pelakunya.

Contoh: The bridge was built in 1990.

- Jika digunakan dalam bahasa ilmiah atau formal.

Contoh: The experiment was done carefully.

🗂️ 1. What is a Sentence?

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.

It must minimally contain:

1 Subject (S) → the doer of the action

1 Predicate (V) → the action or state

Meaning → the sentence must make sense

Example:

She writes a letter.

(Subject: She, Predicate: writes, Meaning: complete)

🗂️ 2. Active vs Passive Voice

In active voice, the subject performs the action.

In passive voice, the subject receives the action.

Example:

Active: The teacher explains the lesson.

Passive: The lesson is explained by the teacher.

The focus in active voice is on the doer, while in passive voice it is on the receiver or the result of the action.

🧩 Basic Formulas

Active Voice:

> S + V + O

Passive Voice:

> O + be + V3 (+ by + S) (by + S is optional)

✅ The object in the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence.

🗂️ 3. Important Reminder

Not all sentences can be changed into passive voice.

Only sentences with objects (transitive verbs) can be made passive.

Sentences without objects (intransitive verbs) cannot be made passive.

🚫 Intransitive verbs (no object)

Examples:

come, go, sleep, die, arrive, happen, exist, appear, stay

Example:

He goes to school. → ❌ Cannot be changed into passive.

🗂️ 4. Passive Voice in Each Tense

🍬Simple Present Tense:

Use am, is, are + past participle (V3).

Example: She writes a letter → A letter is written by her.

🍬Present Continuous Tense:

Use am, is, are + being + V3.

Example: She is writing a letter → A letter is being written by her.

🍬Present Perfect Tense:

Use has/have + been + V3.

Example: She has written a letter → A letter has been written by her.

🍬Simple Past Tense:

Use was/were + V3.

Example: She wrote a letter → A letter was written by her.

🍬Past Continuous Tense:

Use was/were + being + V3.

Example: She was writing a letter → A letter was being written by her.

🍬Past Perfect Tense:

Use had + been + V3.

Example: She had written a letter → A letter had been written by her.

🍬Simple Future Tense:

Use will + be + V3 or be (is/am/are) going to + be + V3.

Example: She will write a letter → A letter will be written by her.

Example: She is going to write a letter → A letter is going to be written by her.

🗂️ 5. How to Change from Active to Passive

1. Move the object of the active sentence to the subject position.

2. Use the correct form of “to be” according to the tense.

3. Change the main verb into past participle (V3).

4. Add by + subject (optional, only if the doer is important).

✨ Final Notes

☘️A sentence = Subject + Predicate + Meaning.

☘️Passive = emphasizes the object/result.

☘️Use be + V3, adjust “be” according to tense.

☘️Only verbs with objects (transitive verbs) can form passive voice.

1. What is a Sentence?

A sentence should minimally contain:

• 1 Subject

• 1 Predicate (Verb)

• Clear Meaning (Conveys a complete idea)

Examples:

• ✅ I eat. → A sentence.

• ❌ Is going to eat. → Not a sentence, just a phrase.

• ❌ He. → Just a word, not a sentence.

• ❌ The green idea is lying on bed. → Grammatically correct, but doesn’t make logical sense, so it doesn’t convey meaning.

2. Active and Passive Voice

Characteristics:

• Active voice: usually uses verbs like me- in Indonesian (subject does the action).

• Passive voice: uses verbs like di- or ber- (subject receives the action).

Examples:

• Active: Ani reads a storybook.

• Passive: The storybook is read by Ani.

List of formula of passive:

•Simple Present tense: be(is,am,are)+ V3

•Present continuous tense: be(is,am,are)+ being+ V3

•Present perfect tense: has/have+ been+ V3

•Simple past tense: be(was,were) + V3

•Past continuous tense: be(was,were)+ being+ V3

•Past perfect tense: had + been + V3

Simple Future tense: will/ be(is,am,are) going to + be + V3

•Future perfect tense: will + have + been + V3

The use of passive voice:

Formula:

Active formula:

S + V + O

Example:

Marry helped the boy.

John opens the door.

I am reading a book.

OBJECT IN ACTIVE IS THE SUBJECT IN PASSIVE

O + be + V3 + by S(optional)

Example:

(A) Marry helped the boy.

(A) John opens the door.

(A) I am reading a book.

REMEMBER!

There are sentences that cannot be made into passive. Those sentences should be without object.

Example:

She cries very hard.

I sleep early tonight.

The bus is coming., ect.

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

ACTIVE :

PASSIVE :

1. I write a letter.

1. A letter is written.

2. I am writing a letter.

2. A letter is being written.

3. I wrote a letter.

3. A letter was written.

4. I was writing a letter.

4. A letter was being written.

5. I have written A letter.

5. A letter has been written.

6. I had written a letter.

6. A letter had been written.

7. I will write a letter.

7. A letter will be written.

8. I am going to write a letter.

8. A letter is going to be written.

9. I must write a letter.

9. A letter must be written.

10. I should have written a letter.

10. A letter should have been written.

Passive with 2 objects

Jawaban:

Kalimat pasif dapat dibentuk dalam dua cara ketika kalimat aktif memiliki dua objek (objek langsung dan objek tidak langsung).

Menggunakan objek tidak langsung sebagai subjek:

He is going to be told the truth by me.

Menggunakan objek langsung sebagai subjek:

The truth is going to be told to him by me.

Sentence without object

• I cried in the kitchen.

(Can't be made into passive).

The most critical challenge detailed in the video is the correct conjugation of the 'To Be' verb, as it must align perfectly with the tense of the original active sentence. For instance, a Simple Present Active sentence will use is, am, or are + V3, while a Simple Past Active sentence requires was or were + V3. The rules become more complex for progressive and perfect aspects: the Continuous Tenses (e.g., Present Continuous) are sustained in the passive voice by inserting the word 'being' between the 'To Be' and the V3 (e.g., is being written), signifying an action in progress. Similarly, the Perfect Tenses (e.g., Present Perfect) maintain their structure by adding the V3 form of 'To Be', which is 'been', placed between the auxiliary verb (has/have/had) and the main V3 (e.g., has been written). Finally, the lesson addresses the more intricate scenario of active sentences containing two objects (an indirect and a direct object), confirming that either object may validly be chosen as the new subject. However, if the direct object is chosen, the remaining indirect object must be preceded by the preposition 'to' to maintain grammatical correctness in the passive construction.

1. Definition and Necessary Condition

The video begins by defining a sentence as a structure containing at least one subject and one predicate (verb) that conveys meaning. It then introduces the concept of Active and Passive Voice, noting that in Indonesian, active verbs often start with 'me-' while passive verbs start with 'di-' or 'ter-'. The essential condition for any active sentence to be converted into the passive voice is that it must have an object.

Sentences without an object (intransitive verbs), such as "She sleeps," cannot be made passive.

2. The General Conversion Rule The conversion from the active structure (Subject + Verb + Object) to the passive structure follows a fundamental rule:

The Object of the active sentence moves to the front and becomes the New Subject of the passive sentence.

The Verb is always changed into its Verb 3 (Past Participle) form.

The auxiliary verb Be is introduced and must be correctly conjugated to match the tense of the original active sentence.

The original Subject moves to the end, is preceded by the preposition "by," and is often optional, especially if the doer is unknown or unimportant.

The resulting general formula is:

New Subject + Be (conjugated) + Verb 3 + (by Agent)

3. Handling Sentences with Two Objects

For active sentences containing both an indirect object (e.g., him) and a direct object (e.g., the truth), the video explains that either object can be chosen to become the new subject of the passive sentence. When the direct object becomes the subject, a preposition (like to or for) is often needed before the indirect object (e.g., The truth is going to be told to him).This comprehensive summary covers the definitions, the mandatory condition, the general formula, the specific tense adjustments, and the rule for handling two objects, as detailed in the lesson.

🎀 Definition

• Passive voice is a sentence form where the focus is on the object of the action, not the person doing it.

• The subject receives the action.

  Example:

  ✨️ The cake was eaten.

  
  

🎀 Passive Voice vs Active Voice

• 🧸 Active voice: The subject does the action.

  ➤ The cat (subject) eats (verb) the fish (object).

• 🧸 Passive voice: The subject receives the action.

  ➤ The fish (subject) is eaten (verb) by the cat.

🎀 General Structure

• 🌷 Subject + be (to be) + V3 (past participle) + (by + agent)

  Example: The window was broken (by someone).

🎀 Formula

1. Simple Present

   ✨️ Be (am/is/are) + V3

   🌷 Example: The letter is sent every day.

2. Present Continuous

   ✨️ Am/is/are + being + V3

   🌷Example: The car is being washed.

3. Present Perfect

   ✨️ Has/have + been + V3

   🌷 Example: The homework has been finished.

4. Simple Past

   ✨️ Was/were + V3

   🌷Example: The food was cooked.

5. Past Continuous

   ✨️ Was/were + being + V3

   🌷 Example: The house was being painted.

6. Past Perfect

   ✨️ Had + been + V3

   🌷 Example: The project had been completed.

7. Simple Future

   ✨️ Will + be + V3 / am/is/are + going to + be + V3

   🌷 Example: The room is going to be cleaned.

8. Future Perfect

   ✨️Will + have + been + V3

   🌷Example: The work will have been done.

🎀 When to Use Passive Voice

• Use passive voice when:

  ✨️ You don’t know who did the action

  🧸 The doer is unimportant

  🌷 You want to focus on the action/result

  💫 You want to sound formal or scientific

  🪅 Secret agent vibes

🎀 Conclusion

✨️ Passive voice helps us focus on what happens, not who does it. It’s great when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or top secret.

• A sentence is defined as a structure that must contain at least one subject and one predicate (verb).

• Crucially, the structure must also convey a clear and understandable meaning.

2. Active vs. Passive Voice

• Active Voice: The subject actively performs the action (e.g., using the "me-" prefix in Indonesian, like membaca - to read).

• Passive Voice: The subject is the recipient of the action (e.g., using the "di-" or "ter-" prefix, like dibaca - is read).

3. The Necessary Condition for Passive Voice

• A sentence can only be converted to the passive voice if the original active sentence contains an object.

• Sentences without an object (intransitive sentences) cannot be made passive because there is no recipient for the action.

4. The General Passive Voice Formula

The fundamental principle for converting an active sentence (Subject + Verb + Object) to passive is:

• The original Object becomes the new Subject.

• This new subject is followed by the verb BE (conjugated based on the original tense).

• The main verb is always converted to its Verb 3 (Past Participle) form.

• The original subject may be added at the end using the structure (By + Subject), which is optional.

5. Application Across Tenses

• The lesson demonstrates how the formula works across eight different English tenses.

• The key is to correctly change the form of the BE verb for each tense (e.g., is/am/are for simple present, was/were for simple past, has/have been for perfect tenses, and including being for continuous tenses).

• The same passive structure also applies when using modal verbs (like will, must, or should).

6. Handling Two Objects

• If an active sentence has two objects, either object can be chosen to become the new subject of the passive sentence.

• ​Definisi Kalimat: Suatu susunan kata yang minimal memiliki satu subjek, satu predikat (verb), dan menyampaikan makna (convey meaning).

• ​Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif:

  • ​Aktif: Kata kerjanya biasanya diawali imbuhan me- (misalnya: membaca).

  • ​Pasif: Kata kerjanya biasanya diawali imbuhan di- atau ter- (misalnya: dibaca).

• ​Syarat Kalimat yang Bisa Dipasifkan: Kalimat aktif harus memiliki objek (benda yang dikenai perbuatan) agar bisa diubah menjadi kalimat pasif. Kalimat tanpa objek (misalnya: I sleep very hard) tidak bisa dipasifkan.

​2. Prinsip Dasar Perubahan dari Aktif ke Pasif

• ​Struktur Kalimat Aktif: Subject + Verb + Object (SVO).

  • ​Contoh: Mary helped the boy. (Mary: S, helped: V, the boy: O).

• ​Prinsip Kalimat Pasif:

  • ​Objek dari kalimat aktif menjadi Subjek di kalimat pasif (dipindah ke depan).

  • ​Verb (Kata Kerja) diubah menjadi Be + Verb 3.

  • ​Subjek dari kalimat aktif menjadi pelengkap yang diawali kata by (by subject), dan sifatnya opsional (boleh ada, boleh tidak).

  • ​Contoh: The boy was helped by Mary. (The boy: S baru, was helped: Be+V3, by Mary: pelengkap).

​3. Rumus Passive Voice Berdasarkan Tenses (Be + V3)

List of formula of passive:

• Simple Present tense: be(is,am,are)+ V3

• Present continuous tense: be(is,am,are)+ being+ V3

• Present perfect tense: has/have+ been+ V3

• Simple past tense: be(was, were) + V3

• Past continuous tense: be(was, were)+ being+ V3

• Past perfect tense: had + been + V3

• Simple Future tense: will/ be(is,am,are) going to + be + V3

• Future perfect tense: will + have + been + V3

4. Kalimat Aktif dengan Dua Objek

​Jika kalimat aktif memiliki dua objek (misalnya I'm going to tell him the truth.), Anda dapat memilih salah satu objek untuk dijadikan subjek kalimat pasif.

​Contoh 1 (Objek 1 sebagai Subjek): He is going to be told the truth by me.

​Contoh 2 (Objek 2 sebagai Subjek): The truth is going to be told to him by me. (Perlu menambahkan to sebelum objek yang tidak dijadikan subjek).

Passive Voice

-Definition

What is a Sentence (kalimat)?

It should minimally contain 1 Subject, 1 Predicate, and Convey Meaning

kalimat adalah sesuatu susunan kata yang minimal punya 1 subyek, 1 predikat, dan memiliki makna.

Example

1. I eat ( ada subject ada predikat)

2. Is going to eat ( hanya frasa )

-Kalimat

1. Aktif : me-

2. Pasif : di-, ber-

Example

Ani membaca buku cerita (aktif)

Buku cerita dibaca oleh Ani (pasif)

Remember!

There are sentences that cannot be made into passive. Those sentences should be without object.

Example :

1. She Cries very hard

2. I sleep early tonight

3. The bus is coming

-The Use of Passive Voice :

1. Active Formula : S + V + O

Example :

a. Marry helped the boy

b. John opens the door

2. Passive Formula : O + to be + V3 + by S (optional)

Example :

a. The boy was helped by Marry

b. The door is opened by John

-List of Formula of Passive :

a. Simple Present Tense :

➡to be (is, am, are) + V3

b. Present Continues tense :

➡ to be ( is, am, are) + being + V3

c. Present Perfect Tense :

➡ has/have+ been + V

d. Simple Past Tense :

➡ to be ( was, were) + V3

e. Past Continues Tense :

➡ to be (was, were) + being + V3

f. Past Perfect Tense :

➡ had + been + V3

g. Simple Future Tense :

➡ wiil/ to be ( is, am, are) going to + be + v3

h. Future Perfect Tense :

➡ Will + have + been + V3

- Passive with 2 objects

Active

I am going to tell him the truth

Passive

He is going to be told the truth

The truth is going to be told to him by me

Exercise

1. A : I write a letter

P : A letter is written

2. A : I had written a letter

P : A letter had been written

3. A : I should have written a letter

P : A letter Should have been Written

— In passive voice, the focus is on the object of the action rather than the subject performing it.

— It’s used when the actor is unknown, unimportant, or you want to emphasize what is done rather than who does it.

— Example: “A cake is made by Mary” instead of “Mary makes a cake”.

🍒 General Structure / Formula of Passive Voice

— Basic formula: Object + “to be” + Past Participle (V3) + (by Agent).

— “to be” verb must change to match the tense of the original active sentence.

— The “by Agent” part (who does the action) is optional, especially when the agent is unknown or unimportant.

🥑 Examples in Different Tenses

— Simple present: Active: “She cleans the room.” → Passive: “The room is cleaned by her.”

— Simple past: Active: “He invited them.” → Passive: “They were invited by him.”

— Present perfect: Active: “The author has sold the book.” → Passive: “The book has been sold (by the author).”

— Modal verbs: Example: “The birthday cake can be baked by Emon.” In passive: “can be + past participle”.

🥨 When to Use Passive Voice

— When the doer of the action is unknown or irrelevant.

— When you want to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action.

— Often used in explanation texts, scientific texts, instructions, and reports.

🧇 Common Patterns & Recognitions

— Look for “to be (is/are/was/were/has been/have been…) + V3”. If you see this, likely a passive construction.

— The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

— Change of pronouns: in active voice “I” might become “me” if agent is shown, etc. (though agent often omitted)

🍤 Tips for Students

— Understand the tense first in the active sentence → identify “to be” form accordingly.

— Change the main verb to its past participle (V3).

— Write the original object of active sentence as the subject in passive.

— Decide whether the agent (“by …” part) needs to be included.

— Practice with converting active ↔️ passive and various tenses.

— Pay attention to context: if the actor is obvious or irrelevant, passive may be preferred.

​A Sentence must minimally have one Subject, one Predicate, and convey a complete meaning.

​In Indonesian, an Active sentence usually uses a me- prefix (e.g., membaca/to read), while a Passive sentence uses a di- or ter- prefix (e.g., dibaca/is read).

​The primary requirement for a sentence to be made passive is that it must have an Object (a noun that receives the action). Intransitive sentences (those without an object) cannot be changed into the passive voice.

​2. Basic Principles for Changing to the Passive Voice 🛠️

​The basic formula for converting from Active (S + V + O) to Passive is:Object New Subject + To Be + Verb 3+ (by Old Subject)

•The Object of the active sentence becomes the New Subject in the passive sentence.

•The verb must always use Verb 3 (Past Participle).

•The To Be form (is, am, are, was, were) must be adjusted according to the sentence's Tense and the New Subject.

•by Subject (the agent/doer) is optional and can be omitted if the doer is not specific.

3. Passive Voice Formulas for Various Tenses:

•Simple Present

Subject + is/am/are + V3

•Simple Past

Subject + was/were + V3

•Present Continuous

Subject + is/am/are + being + V3

•Past Continuous

Subject + was/were + being + V3

•Present Perfect

Subject + has/have + been + V3

•Past Perfect

Subject + had + been + V3

•Simple Future

Subject + will be + V3 (or be going to be + V3)

•Future Perfect

Subject + will have been + V3

This video, titled "PASSIVE VOICE - KELAS 11 (XI) BAHSA INGGRIS,"

The key points covered include:

• Sentence Definition: A sentence must minimally contain one subject, one predicate, and convey meaning.

• Active vs. Passive: The video explains the core difference, emphasizing that only sentences containing an object can be changed into the passive voice.

• Passive Voice Formula: The general formula for the passive voice is "to be" + Verb 3 (Past Participle).

• Formulas Across Tenses: The lesson provides specific formulas for eight tenses, showing the necessary modifications to the "to be" verb and the inclusion of being (for continuous tenses) or been (for perfect t

enses).

It should minimally contain 1 SUBJECT, 1 PREDICATE, and CONVEY MEANING.

Example:

- I eat. (Sentence)

- Is going to eat. (not a sentence, just a phrase).

- He (Word)

- The green idea is lying on bed. (Not a sentence because it doesn't convey meaning)

- She cries very hard.

- I sleep early tonight.

- The bus is coming., etc.

REMEMBER!

There are sentences that cannot be made into passive. Those sentences should be without object.

Example:

- She cries very hard.

- I sleep early tonight.

- The bus is coming., etc.

PASSIVE VOICE

The use of passive voice:

- Formula

- Active formula

(S + V +O)

Example:

- Marry helped the boy.

- John opens the door.

- am reading a book.

Passive formula:

OBJECT IN ACTIVE IS THE SUBJECT IN PASSIVE

O+ be + V3 + by S(optional)

Example:

(A) Marry helped the boy.

(A) John opens the door.

(A) I am reading a book.

List of formula of passive:

1. Simple Present tense: be(is,am,are)+ V3

2. Present continuous tense: be(is,am,are)+ being+ V3

3. Present perfect tense: has/have+ been+ V3

4. Simple past tense: be(was, were) + V3

5. Past continuous tense: be(was, were)+ being+ V3

6. Past perfect tense: had + been + V3

7. Simple Future tense: will/ be(is,am,are) going to + be + V3

8. Future perfect tense: will + have + been + V3

Passive with 2 objects

Active:

ing to am going to tell him the truth.

Passive:

He is going to be told the truth by me

The truth is going to be told to him by me

It should minimally contain 1 SUBJECT, 1 PREDICATE, and CONVEY MEANING.

Example:

- I eat. (Sentence)

- Is going to eat. (not a sentence, just a phrase).

- He (Word)

- The green idea is lying on bed. (Not a sentence because it doesn't convey meaning)

- She cries very hard.

- I sleep early tonight.

- The bus is coming., etc.

REMEMBER!

There are sentences that cannot be made into passive. Those sentences should be without object.

Example:

- She cries very hard.

- I sleep early tonight.

- The bus is coming., etc.

The use of passive voice:

- Formula

- Active formula

(S + V +O)

Example:

- Marry helped the boy.

- John opens the door.

- am reading a book.

Passive formula:

OBJECT IN ACTIVE IS THE SUBJECT IN PASSIVE

O+ be + V3 + by S(optional)

Example:

(A) Marry helped the boy.

(A) John opens the door.

(A) I am reading a book.

List of formula of passive:

1. Simple Present tense: be(is,am,are)+ V3

2. Present continuous tense: be(is,am,are)+ being+ V3

3. Present perfect tense: has/have+ been+ V3

4. Simple past tense: be(was, were) + V3

5. Past continuous tense: be(was, were)+ being+ V3

6. Past perfect tense: had + been + V3

7. Simple Future tense: will/ be(is,am,are) going to + be + V3

8. Future perfect tense: will + have + been + V3

Passive with 2 objects

Active:

ing to am going to tell him the truth.

Passive:

He is going to be told the truth by me

The truth is going to be told to him by me

Before learning passive voice, it is explained that a sentence must have at least one subject and one predicate, and it must carry a clear meaning. If it only consists of a phrase or a word, it cannot be called a complete sentence.

In both Indonesian and English, sentences can be active or passive. An active sentence is when the subject performs an action, while a passive sentence is when the subject receives the action. For example, “Ani membaca buku” (Ani reads a book) becomes “Buku dibaca oleh Ani” (The book is read by Ani).

Not every sentence can be changed into a passive form. The requirement is that a sentence must have an object. If there is no object, the sentence cannot be made passive — for example, “I sleep early” has no object, so it cannot be changed into the passive form.

The basic structure of an active sentence is S + V + O. To turn it into a passive sentence, the object of the active sentence is moved to the front as the new subject. Then, the main verb is changed into its third form (V3) and followed by the appropriate form of to be, which depends on the tense.

Examples:

Active: Mary helps the boy.

Passive: The boy is helped by Mary.

Active: John opens the door.

Passive: The door is opened by John.

The video also explains how to use different tenses in passive voice:

Simple Present → am/is/are + V3

Simple Past → was/were + V3

Present Continuous → am/is/are + being + V3

Past Continuous → was/were + being + V3

Present Perfect → has/have been + V3

Past Perfect → had been + V3

Simple Future → will be + V3

Future Perfect → will have been + V3

A sentence that has two objects can form two types of passive sentences, depending on which object becomes the new subject. For example, I’m going to tell him the truth can be changed into He is going to be told the truth or The truth is going to be told to him.

Finally, the video emphasizes that to make correct passive sentences, you must understand the tenses, the third form of the verb, and how to use “to be” properly according to the tense used.

Definition:

Passive voice is a sentence form that focuses on the receiver of the action rather than the doer. The subject receives the action instead of performing it.

Structure:

The basic pattern is: Subject + to be + past participle (V3) + by + object (optional)

Example:

Active: The teacher explains the lesson.

Passive: The lesson is explained (by the teacher).

Tense Changes:

The verb “to be” changes according to the tense:

Present Simple → am/is/are + V3

Past Simple → was/were + V3

Present Continuous → am/is/are being + V3

Past Continuous → was/were being + V3

Present Perfect → has/have been + V3

Future → will be + V3

When to Use:

Passive voice is used when:

1. The doer is unknown or unimportant (The window was broken).

2. The focus is on the result or object of the action (The project has been completed).

3. The writing is formal or academic.

Common Mistakes:

Using the wrong form of “to be.”

Using the wrong past participle (V3).

Conclusion:

Passive voice is useful when emphasizing the action or result instead of the subject. Knowing its structure and tense changes helps form grammatically correct passive sentences.

- An active voice sentence shows that the subject performs an action.
Example: Ani reads a storybook.

- A passive voice sentence shows that the subject receives the action.
Example: The storybook is read by Jovi.

- In Indonesian, active sentences often use the prefix me-, while passive sentences use di- or ter-.
- Only sentences that have an object can be changed into the passive voice.
- Sentences without an object, such as He sleeps well, cannot be changed into passive form.

B. How to Change Active to Passive

To make a passive sentence:

1. Move the object of the active sentence to the front so it becomes the subject.

2. Use the correct form of to be according to the tense.

3. Change the main verb into its past participle (V3) form.

4. Add by + subject at the end (optional, if the doer is not important).

   
   

The general pattern is:
Object + to be + past participle (V3) + by + subject

C. Passive Voice in Different Tenses

1. In the simple present tense, use “am / is / are + V3.”
2. In the present continuous tense, use “am / is / are + being + V3.”
3. In the present perfect tense, use “has / have + been + V3.”
4. In the simple past tense, use “was / were + V3.”
5. In the past continuous tense, use “was / were + being + V3.”
6. In the past perfect tense, use “had + been + V3.”
7. In the simple future tense, use “will + be + V3” or “is / am / are going to + be + V3.”
8. In the future perfect tense, use “will + have + been + V3.”

D. Passive Voice with Two Objects

Some sentences have two objects, such as I am going to tell him the truth.
Either object can become the subject in a passive sentence:

• He is going to be told the truth (by me).

• The truth is going to be told to him (by me).

Both forms are correct.

E. Sentences That Cannot Be Made Passive

Sentences without an object cannot be changed into passive voice.
For example, I cook in the kitchen has no object, so it cannot become passive.

F. Examples of Transformation

1. I write a letter → A letter is written by me.

2. I am writing a letter → A letter is being written by me.

3. I wrote a letter → A letter was written by me.

4. I was writing a letter → A letter was being written by me.

5. I have written a letter → A letter has been written by me.

6. I had written a letter → A letter had been written by me.

7. I will write a letter → A letter will be written by me.

8. I am going to write a letter → A letter is going to be written by me.

9. I must write a letter → A letter must be written by me.

10. I should have written a letter → A letter should have been written by me.

G. Main Points to Remember

• Only verbs that take an object (transitive verbs) can form passive sentences.

• The verb “to be” must change according to the tense and the new subject.

• The main verb must always be in the past participle (V3) form.

• The phrase “by + subject” is optional and may be omitted when the doer is unknown or unimportant.

The fundamental process for converting an active sentence into a passive sentence involves these steps:

1. The Object of the active sentence is moved to the front and becomes the New Subject.

2. The auxiliary verb to be is added. This verb must be conjugated to match the Tense of the original sentence (e.g., is, was, have been).

3. The main verb is always changed into its Verb 3 (Past Participle) form.

4. The original subject (the performer of the action) can optionally be included at the end using the phrase "by + Agent" (e.g., by me, by John).

In short, the formula is: New Subject + to be (match tense) + Verb 3 + (by Agent).

2. The Necessary Condition

A sentence must have a direct object to be converted into the passive voice. If an active sentence only consists of a subject and an adverb (or complement), it cannot be made passive.

- Can be Passive: "John opened the door." (Has an object: the door)

- Cannot be Passive: "She cried loudly." (Only has a subject and an adverb, no object.)

3. Conjugating to be Across Tenses

While the main verb is always Verb 3, the form of to be must change according to the original sentence's tense:

- Simple Present: Use is/am/are before

Verb 3.

- Simple Past: Use was/were before Verb 3.

- Continuous Tenses (Present or Past): Use being after the appropriate to be (is/am/are/was/were) and before Verb 3.

- Perfect Tenses (Present or Past): Use been after have/has/had and before Verb 3.

- Simple Future and Modals (can, must, should): Use be after will or the modal verb and before Verb 3.

1. Definition

- In a passive sentence, the main focus is on the action or the result of the action, rather than who performed it. The subject in a passive sentence experiences or receives the action.

​

2. Essential Traits of a Valid Sentence

- A complete sentence requires at least two key elements: a subject (the entity being talked about) and a predicate (a verb that describes what the subject is doing or experiencing). Complete meaning is also a must.

​

- Transformation to the passive form is only possible if the active sentence has an object—something that receives the action. If there is no object, as in sentences that only have adverbs (for example, adverbs of place or time), the sentence cannot be changed into the passive form.

Contoh (Example):

Active: Ani reads a storybook.

Passive: The storybook is read by Ani.

3. Requirements for a sentence to be changed into passive:

Must have an object (something that receives the action).

If there is no object, the sentence cannot be changed into passive.

Example: She sleeps early → cannot be changed into passive because there is no object.

4. Basic pattern:

Active sentence: Subject + Verb + Object

Passive sentence: Object (active) → Subject (passive) + to be + Verb 3 + (by Subject)

The phrase “by Subject” can be omitted if the doer is not important or not known.

5. Difference between object and adverb:

Object: a thing or person that receives the action.

Adverb: shows time, place, or manner, usually begins with on, in, at, or ends with -ly.

6. Steps to change active into passive:

Move the object in the active sentence to the subject position

Adjust the form of “to be” according to the tense and the new subject.

Use the Verb 3 (past participle).

Add “by” followed by the doer if necessary.

7. Example of transformation:

a. Simple Past

Active: Mary helped the boy

Passive: The boy was helped by Mary

b. Simple Present

Active: John opens the door

Passive: The door is opened by John

c. Present Continuous

Active: I am reading a book

Passive: A book is being read by me

8. Passive voice formulas based on tenses:

Simple Present: is/am/are + Verb 3

Present Continuous: is/am/are + being + Verb 3

Present Perfect: has/have + been + Verb 3

Simple Past: was/were + Verb 3

Past Continuous: was/were + being + Verb 3

Past Perfect: had + been + Verb 3

Simple Future: will + be + Verb 3

Future Perfect: will have + been + Verb 3

Passive voice with two objects:

If an active sentence has two objects, you can choose one of them to become the subject in the passive sentence.

Example:

Active: I am going to tell him the truth

Passive 1: He is going to be told the truth by me

Passive 2: The truth is going to be told to him by me

9. Sentences that cannot be changed into passive:

Sentences without objects (for example, only with subject and predicate) cannot be changed into passive.

Example: I cook in the kitchen → cannot be changed, because “in the kitchen” is an adverb of place, not an object.

10. Practice transformation examples:

I write a letter → A letter is written by me

I am writing a letter → A letter is being written by me

I wrote a letter → A letter was written by me

🧩 1. Definition

The passive voice is a sentence form in which the subject receives the action instead of performing it.

In other words, the focus is on the receiver of the action, not the doer.

📘 Example:

Active voice: The teacher explains the lesson.

Passive voice: The lesson is explained by the teacher.

👉 The focus changes from the teacher (doer) to the lesson (receiver).

🧱 2. General Structure

The general structure of a passive voice sentence is:

> Subject + to be + past participle (V3) + (by + agent)

📘 Example:

The song was sung by Adele.

Notes:

The verb “to be” changes according to the tense.

The past participle (V3) form of the verb is always used.

The agent (by + someone) can be omitted if it’s not important or unknown.

🧮 3. Formula (Tense Forms of Passive Voice)

Tense Active Voice Passive Voice

Simple Present S + V1 + O S + am/is/are + V3 (+ by …)

Present Continuous S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + V3 (+ by …)

Present Perfect S + has/have + V3 + O S + has/have + been + V3 (+ by …)

Simple Past S + V2 + O S + was/were + V3 (+ by …)

Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + V3 (+ by …)

Past Perfect S + had + V3 + O S + had + been + V3 (+ by …)

Simple Future S + will + V1 + O S + will + be + V3 (+ by …)

Future Perfect S + will have + V3 + O S + will have been + V3 (+ by …)

📘 Examples:

Active: They build a house every year.

Passive: A house is built every year.

Active: She will finish the work soon.

Passive: The work will be finished soon.

🕐 4. When to Use Passive Voice

Use the passive voice when:

1. The doer is unknown

→ Example: My bag was stolen.

2. The doer is not important to mention

→ Example: The road is cleaned every morning.

3. The focus is on the result or the action itself

→ Example: The project has been completed.

4. In formal or academic writing

→ Example: The data were analyzed using a computer.

🏁 5. Conclusion

The passive voice emphasizes the receiver of the action rather than the doer.

The structure is Subject + to be + past participle (V3).

It’s commonly used in formal writing, reports, or when the doer is unknown or irrelevant.

📘 In short:

> Active: Someone wrote the letter.

Passive: The letter was written.

It should minimally countain 1 subject, 1 predicate, and convey meaning.

>Example:

-I eat(sentence)

-Is going to eat (not a sentence, just a phrase)

Active:

me-

Passive: di-, ber-

example:

Ani membaca buku cerita (active)

Buku cerita dibaca oleh Ani(passive)

REMEMBER‼️There are sentences that cannot be made into passive. Those sentences should be without object. >Example:

-She cries very hard

-I sleep early morning

-The bus is coming

2.the use of passive voice:

formula:

active formula:

1.)S + V + O (active)

>example:

-Marry helped the boy (active)

2.)O + be + V3 by S (optional)

-The boy was helped by Marry (passive)

3.List Of Formula Of Passive

1.) Simple Present Tense: to be(is,am,are)+V3

2.) Present Continuous Tense: to be(is,am,are)+being+V3

3.) Present Perfect Tense: has/have+been+V

4.) Simple Past Tense:to be(was/were)+V3

5.) Past Continuous Tense: to be(was/were)+being+V3

6.) Past Perfect Tense: had+been+V3)

7.) Simple Future Tense: will/be(is,am, are) going to+be+V3

8.) Future Perfect Tense: will+have+been+V3

4.Passive with Two Object

active:

I am going to tell him the truth

passive

He is going to be told the truth by me

the truth is going to be told to him by me

A set of words that at minimum contains 1 subject, 1 predicate, and convey meaning.

Ex:

I eat (sentence)

The green idea is lying on bed (not a sentence because it doesn't convey meaning)

Is going to eat (not a sentence, has no subject)

2. Active and Passive sentences

Active sentence formula:

Subject + Verb + Object

Passive sentence formula:

Object + be + V3 +by Subject (optional)

Remember, Active sentences that can be turned into Passive sentences needs an object for the subject to affect.

Ex:

Mary helped the boy. (A)

The boy was helped by Mary. (P)

I am reading a book. (A)

The book is being read by me. (P)

Here are a list of passive formula's:

- Simple present tense: be(is/am/are) + being + V3

- Present continuous tense: be(is/am/are) + being + V3

- Present perfect tense: has/have + been + V3

- Simple past tense: be(was/we're) + V3

- Past continuous tense: be(was/we're) + being + V3

- Past perfect tense: had + been + V3

- Simple future tense: will/be(is/am/are) going to + be + V3

- Future perfect tense: will + have + been +V3

3. Passive sentences with 2 objects

Ex:

I am going to tell him the truth (A)

The truth is going to be told to him by me (P)

He is going to be told the truth by me (P)

A sentence is a set of words that must contain, at minimum, one subject, one predicate (verb), and must convey meaning. Sentences that lack a subject or clarity are not considered complete.

> Active vs. Passive Voice

The voice determines the relationship between the subject and the action:

• Active Voice: The subject performs the* action. The basic formula is Subject + Verb + Object (Optional).

~ Example: Mary helped the boy.

• Passive Voice: The subject receives the action. The general formula is Object (Old) + to be + V3 (Past Participle) + by Subject (Old) (Optional).

~ Example: The boy was helped by Mary.

Key Conversion Rules:

• Transitive Verbs Only: Only active sentences that contain an object (using transitive verbs) can be successfully converted into the passive voice.

• Cannot Be Passive: Sentences using intransitive verbs (verbs without an object), such as She cries very hard or I sleep early morning, cannot be converted to the passive form.

• V3 is Mandatory: Regardless of the tense, the main verb in any passive sentence must always be in the Past Participle (V3) form.

> Passive Voice Formulas by Tense

The auxiliary verb (to be) must change to reflect the tense and the new subject.

1. Simple Present: am / is / are + V3

2. Present Continuous: am / is / are + being + V3

3. Present Perfect: has / have + been + V3

4. Simple Past: was / were + V3

5. Past Continuous: was / were + being + V3

6. Past Perfect: had + been + V3

7. Simple Future: will / am/is/are going to + be + V3

8. Future Perfect: will + have been + V3

> Passive Voice with Two Objects

When an active sentence has two objects (e.g., I am going to tell him the truth), either object can be used as the subject of the passive sentence.

• Indirect Object as Subject: He is going to be told the truth by me.

• Direct Object as Subject: The truth is going to be told to him by me.

The phrase "by + subject" is optional and is often omitted when the performer of the action is unknown or unimportant.

What is a Sentence (kalimat)?

It should minimally contain 1 Subject, 1 Predicate, and Convey Meaning

kalimat adalah sesuatu susunan kata yang minimal punya 1 subyek, 1 predikat, dan memiliki makna.

Example

1. I eat (ada subject ada predikat)

2. Is going to eat (hanya frasa)

-Kalimat

1. Aktif: me-

2. Pasif: di-, ber-

Example:

Radit membaca buku cerita (aktif)

Buku cerita dibaca oleh Radit (pasif)

Remember!

There are sentences that cannot be made into passive. Those sentences should be without object.

Example:

1. She Cries very hard

2. I sleep early tonight

3. The bus is coming

-The Use of Passive Voice:

1. Active Formula: S + V + O

Example:

a. Marry helped the boy

b. John opens the door

2. Passive Formula: O + to be + V3 + by S (optional)

Example :

a. The boy was helped by Marry

b. The door is opened by John

-List of Formula of Passive:

a. Simple Present Tense:

➡to be (is, am, are) + V3

b. Present Continues tense :

➡to be (is, am, are) + being + V3

c. Present Perfect Tense :

➡has/have+ been + V

d. Simple Past Tense :

➡to be (was, were) + V3

e. Past Continues Tense :

➡to be (was, were) + being + V3

f. Past Perfect Tense :

had + been + V3

g. Simple Future Tense :

➡wiil/ to be (is, am, are) going to+be+v3

h. Future Perfect Tense :

Will + have + been + V3

Passive with 2 objects

Active

I am going to tell him the truth passive

He is going to be told the truth

The truth is going to be told to him by me

Exercise

1. A: I write a letter

P: A letter is written

2. A: I had written a letter

P: A letter had been written

3. A: I should have written a letter

P: A letter Should have been

1. Definition and Requirements of a Sentence

Definition of a Sentence

A sequence of words can be called a sentence if it minimally contains one subject, one predicate (verb), and conveys a complete meaning.

Primary Requirement for the Passive Voice

A sentence that can be converted into the passive voice must have an object. A sentence that only consists of a subject, a predicate, and an adverb (adverbial phrase) cannot be made passive.

2. Usage of Active Voice and Passive Voice

Active Voice

* The subject actively performs the action.

* The basic structure of an active sentence is \text{S} + \text{V} + \text{O} (Subject + Verb + Object).

* In Indonesian, this is typically marked by the prefix Me- (e.g., Ani membaca buku cerita).

Passive Voice

* The subject is acted upon or receives the action.

* In Indonesian, this is typically marked by the prefixes Di- or Ter- (e.g., Buku cerita dibaca oleh Ani).

3. Principles of Changing an Active Sentence to a Passive Sentence

The fundamental principles for converting an active sentence into a passive sentence are:

* The Object of the active sentence becomes the Subject of the passive sentence (its position moves to the front).

* The Subject of the active sentence moves to the back, becoming the object (preceded by by), which is optional.

* The main Verb is always changed to the Verb 3 (Past Participle) form.

* A helping verb To Be (is, am, are, was, were, be, been) is added, which must be adjusted according to the Tense and the new Subject.

Formula

* Simple Present Tense:

* Rumus To Be + V3: is / am / are + Verb 3.

* Contoh Pasif: A letter is written (by me).

* Present Continuous Tense:

* Rumus To Be + V3: is / am / are + being + Verb 3. (Tambahkan being karena ada verb -ing di kalimat aktif) .

* Contoh Pasif: A letter is being written (by me).

* Simple Past Tense:

* Rumus To Be + V3: was / were + Verb 3.

* Contoh Pasif: A letter was written.

* Past Continuous Tense:

* Rumus To Be + V3: was / were + being + Verb 3.

* Contoh Pasif: A letter was being written.

* Present Perfect Tense:

* Rumus To Be + V3: has / have + been + Verb 3. (Tambahkan been karena ini perfect tense) .

* Contoh Pasif: A letter has been written (by me).

* Past Perfect Tense:

* Rumus To Be + V3: had + been + Verb 3.

* Contoh Pasif: A letter had been written (by me).

* Simple Future Tense (menggunakan Will):

* Rumus To Be + V3: will + be + Verb 3.

* Contoh Pasif: A letter will be written (by me).

* Simple Future Tense (menggunakan Be Going To):

* Rumus To Be + V3: is / am / are + going to + be + Verb 3.

* Contoh Pasif: A letter is going to be written (by me).

* Modal (Must, Can, Have to, dll.):

* Rumus To Be + V3: Modal + be + Verb 3.

* Contoh Pasif: A letter must be written.

* Future Perfect Tense:

* Rumus To Be + V3: will + have + been + Verb 3.

* Contoh Pasif: A letter should have been written * Contoh Pasif: A letter should have been written

• The video explains what passive voice is and how it is formed in English grammar.

• Passive voice structure:
  👉 Subject + to be (am/is/are/was/were/been/being) + past participle (V3) + by + agent (optional).

• Used when the focus is on the action or the receiver, not the person who performs it.

• Commonly used when:
  

  • The doer (agent) is unknown or unimportant.

  • The writer wants to emphasize the result or the object.

  • The sentence should sound more formal or scientific.

• 
  

• Only transitive verbs (verbs with objects) can be made into passive form.

• Examples given:
  

  • Active: The teacher explains the lesson.

  • Passive: The lesson is explained by the teacher.

• 
  

• The video also teaches how to change active to passive in different tenses (present, past, future).

• Common mistakes students make include using the wrong form of “to be” or forgetting to use the past participle.

• Exercises are provided to practice rewriting sentences from active into passive voice.

• The video ends by reminding students to understand when to use passive voice naturally and effectively in writing.

Passive Voice adalah kalimat di mana subjek menerima tindakan, bukan melakukan tindakan.

Biasanya digunakan jika pelaku (doer) tidak penting, tidak diketahui, atau ingin disembunyikan.

➡️ Active Voice: The teacher explains the lesson.

➡️ Passive Voice: The lesson is explained by the teacher.

- RUMUS UMUM PASSIVE VOICE

Subject + to be + past participle (V3) + (by + object)

(Kata kerja “to be” disesuaikan dengan tenses yang digunakan.)

- CATATAN PENTING

1. Tidak semua kalimat bisa diubah ke bentuk pasif (terutama yang tidak memiliki objek).

2. “by + pelaku” bisa dihapus jika pelakunya tidak penting.

Example: The window was broken. (tanpa perlu menulis “by someone”)

- RUMUS PASSIVE VOICE

1. Simple Present Tense

Rumus:

> Subject + am/is/are + V3 (+ by + Object)

Contoh:

> Active: She cleans the room.

> Passive: The room is cleaned by her.

2. Present Continuous Tense

Rumus:

> Subject + am/is/are + being + V3 (+ by + Object)

Contoh:

> Active: They are repairing the car.

> Passive: The car is being repaired by them.

3. Present Perfect Tense

Rumus:

> Subject + has/have + been + V3 (+ by + Object)

Contoh:

> Active: He has finished the work.

> Passive: The work has been finished by him.

4. Simple Past Tense

Rumus:

> Subject + was/were + V3 (+ by + Object)

Contoh:

> Active: Tom wrote a letter.

> Passive: A letter was written by Tom.

5. Past Continuous Tense

Rumus:

> Subject + was/were + being + V3 (+ by + Object)

Contoh:

> Active: They were making a cake.

> Passive: A cake was being made by them.

6. Past Perfect Tense

Rumus:

> Subject + had + been + V3 (+ by + Object)

Contoh:

> Active: She had done the task.

> Passive: The task had been done by her.

7. Simple Future Tense

Rumus:

> Subject + will + be + V3 (+ by + Object)

Contoh:

> Active: He will deliver the package.

> Passive: The package will be delivered by him.

8. Future Perfect Tense

Rumus:

> Subject + will have + been + V3 (+ by + Object)

Contoh:

> Active: They will have built the bridge.

> Passive: The bridge will have been built by them.

The passive voice is a grammatical structure in which the subject of the sentence receives the action rather than performing it. In other words, the focus of the sentence is on the action or the object that experiences the action, not on the person who does it. Passive sentences are formed using the verb “to be” followed by the past participle (V3) of the main verb. For example, the active sentence “The chef cooks the meal” becomes “The meal is cooked by the chef” in the passive form. The verb “to be” changes according to the tense used, such as is/are (present), was/were (past), has/have been (present perfect), will be (future), and so on.

The passive voice is often used in English for several reasons. It is useful when the doer of the action (the agent) is unknown, unimportant, or obvious from the context. For example, “The window was broken” does not need to say who broke it. It is also used to make sentences sound more formal, objective, or polite, such as in scientific writing or news reports: “The experiment was conducted carefully” or “The suspect was arrested last night.” When we want to mention the person who performs the action, we add “by” before the agent, as in “The song was sung by Adele.” However, the phrase “by + agent” is often omitted if it is not necessary.

There are many tenses that can be used in the passive form, and each has its own structure.

Simple Present: am/is/are + V3 → The room is cleaned every day.

Present Continuous: am/is/are + being + V3 → The room is being cleaned now.

Simple Past: was/were + V3 → The room was cleaned yesterday.

Present Perfect: has/have been + V3 → The room has been cleaned.

Simple Future: will be + V3 → The room will be cleaned tomorrow.

In summary, the passive voice helps us focus on the action or result rather than the doer. It is commonly used in academic, scientific, and formal texts to emphasize what happens rather than who makes it happen. Understanding how to form and use passive voice correctly is essential for clear and professional English writing.

Passive voice (or passive text) is a sentence structure in which the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb, rather than performing it. The doer (agent) may be omitted or placed after the verb, often introduced with “by”. Using passive voice shifts focus from who is doing the action to what is done (or to whom).

2. Formula / Structure

A typical passive-voice sentence structure looks like:

Subject (receiver of action) + form of “to be” + past participle (verb) + (optional: by + agent/doer)

You can consider this the “formula” of passive voice.

In contrast, active voice is: Subject (doer) + verb + object (receiver).

Example of the formula in passive:

Object (now subject) + is/was/were/has been + past participle + by + Agent

e.g., “The cake was eaten by John.”

You may omit “by + Agent” if the doer is unknown or unimportant: “The cake was eaten.”

3. Examples

Here are some pairs of active ↔ passive voice to illustrate:

Active: “John wrote the letter.”

Passive: “The letter was written by John.”

Active: “The company launched the product.”

Passive: “The product was launched by the company.”

Active: “They will finish the project next week.”

Passive: “The project will be finished next week.”

Passive (agent omitted): “Mistakes were made.” (why we sometimes don’t know who made them)

Passive: “All cameras were turned off during the presentation.” (focus is on the action / the cameras, not the person who turned them off)

1. The lesson explains Passive Voice for Grade 11 English students.

2. Definition: A passive sentence is when the subject receives the action, not performs it.

3. General patterns of passive voice:

Simple Present: Object + am/is/are + V3 (+ by + doer)

Simple Past: Object + was/were + V3 (+ by + doer)

Other tenses (Perfect, Continuous, Future, Modals) also have their own passive forms.

4. Reasons to use passive voice:

The focus is on the object or result, not the doer.

The doer is unknown or unimportant.

Common in formal writing, reports, and news.

5. Example:

Active: The teacher teaches the students.

Passive: The students are taught by the teacher.

---

✅ Key Points

Formula: to be (am/is/are/was/were/been/being) + Past Participle (V3)

When changing from active to passive:

The object becomes the subject.

The subject becomes the agent, often introduced by “by.”

Keep tense consistency: each tense has its own passive form.

Passive voice is mainly used when the action or object is more important than who does it.

---

🔍 Study Tips

Practice turning active sentences into passive ones.

Focus on the verb form and subject–object switch.

Use “by” only when the doer is important.

Learn when to use being and been (e.g., “is being cleaned,” “has been finished”).

Don’t overuse the passive—use it only when appropriate.

1. Definition and Distinction from Active Voice

Active Sentence: The subject performs the action (verb with the prefix me- in Indonesian).

Passive Sentence: The subject receives the action (verb with the prefix di- or ber- in Indonesian).

Key Criterion: Only sentences that have an object in their active form can be transformed into the passive voice. Sentences without an object cannot be passivized.

2. General Passive Voice Formula

The core structure of the passive voice across all tenses always involves:

Subject+be+Verb 3 (Past Participle)

3. Passive Voice Formulas for Different Tenses

Tense,Passive Voice Formula,Example 'be' Forms

Simple Present,"be (is, am, are) + V3","is, am, are"

Present Continuous,"be (is, am, are) + being + V3","is being, am being, are being"

Present Perfect,has/have + been + V3,"has been, have been"

Simple Past,"be (was, were) + V3","was, were"

Past Continuous,"be (was, were) + being + V3","was being, were being"

Past Perfect,had + been + V3,had been

Simple Future,"will / be (is, am, are) + V3","will be, is going to be, etc."

What is Passive Voice

A passive sentence is one in which the subject receives the action rather than performs it.

General structure: Subject + “be” (appropriate form) + past participle (+ by-agent, optional).

Example: The letter was written by John.

The focus is on what happens to the subject, not who performs the action.

When and Why to Use Passive Voice

The video explains several situations where the passive voice is more suitable than the active voice, such as:

When the doer (agent) is unknown or unimportant.

When you want to emphasize the object or the result of the action.

In formal writing (scientific, academic, or reports) or when a passive style fits the tone better.

Forms of Passive Voice

Important notes on structure and variations:

The verb “be” must match the tense — examples: is written, was written, will be written.

The main verb must be in its past participle form.

The agent can be introduced with “by …” or omitted if it’s not relevant.

Example transformation:

Active: The teacher teaches the students.

Passive: The students are taught (by the teacher).

Common Mistakes and Tips

The video also highlights frequent mistakes and practical reminders:

The past participle is not the same as the simple past: written ≠ wrote.

Irregular past participles must be memorized.

The “be” verb must fit the tense: for example, present simple passive → is/are + past participle.

The agent (by …) can be omitted if it’s obvious or unnecessary.

The passive voice is a sentence form that places the focus on the recipient of the action. The subject in a passive sentence is not the doer, but rather the object being acted upon.

2. Purpose of Use

The passive voice is used when the doer is unimportant, unknown, or when the writer wants to emphasize the result/action rather than the person who performed it.

3. General Structure of Passive Sentences Basic pattern: Subject + to be (am/is/are/was/were) + V3 (past participle) + (by + agent)

To be must be adjusted to the tense of the sentence.

4. How to Change Active to Passive The object of an active sentence is moved to the subject, the verb changes to V3, and to be is adjusted to the tense. The by + agent part can be included or omitted.

5. Examples

- Active: "The students clean the classroom every morning."

- Passive: "The classroom is cleaned every morning (by the students)."

- Active: "The manager approved the report."

- Passive: “The report was approved (by the manager).”

1. Passive Voice Sentence Pattern in Simple Present Tense

Active sentence:

S + V1/-s + -es + O

Passive sentence:

O + am/is/are + V3 + by + S

Example: The book is read by Teddy.

2. Passive Voice Sentence Pattern in Simple Past Tense

Active sentence:

S + V2 + O

Passive sentence:

O + was/were + V3 + by + S

Example: The book was read by Teddy.

3. Passive Voice Sentence Patterns in the Simple Future Tense

Active sentence:

S + will + V1 + O

Passive sentence:

O + will be + V3 + by + S

Example: The book will be read by Teddy.

1. What Is a Sentence?

• Minimum: subject (S) + verb (V) + clear meaning.

• If it doesn’t contain meaning → not considered a proper sentence.

Example: I eat.

2. Active vs Passive (General Idea)

• Active: the subject does the action.

Ani reads a book.

• Passive: the subject receives the action.

The book is read by Ani.

3. Sentences That Cannot Be Made Passive

• A sentence must have an object to become passive.

No object = no passive form.

Example: He sleeps. → cannot be passive.

4. Basic Passive Voice Structure

• Object (from active) → becomes the new subject

New subject + to be + Verb 3 + (by + agent)

“By + agent” is optional.

5. Passive Voice Formulas by Tense

1. Simple Present

• is/am/are + V3

The door is opened.

2. Present Continuous

• is/am/are + being + V3

A book is being read.

3. Simple Past

• was/were + V3

The boy was helped.

4. Past Continuous

• was/were + being + V3

5. Present Perfect

• has/have + been + V3

6. Past Perfect

• had + been + V3

7. Simple Future (will)

• will + be + V3

8. Simple Future (be going to)

• is/am/are + going to + be + V3

9. Future Perfect

• will have + been + V3

6. Verb Forms :

V1 = base verb

V2 = past

V3 = past participle

• Passive always uses V3

Example:

read – read – read

7. Sentences with Two Objects

Example:

• I am going to tell him the truth.

Two objects:

• him (indirect object)

• the truth (direct object)

Both can become the subject:

• He is going to be told the truth.

• The truth is going to be told to him.

8. Object vs Adverbial

• Adverbials often use in/on/at/–ly → not objects.

• Objects = people or things receiving the action.

9. Example Across Tenses (from “I write a letter.”)

1. Simple Present:

A letter is written.

2. Present Continuous:

A letter is being written.

3. Simple Past:

A letter was written.

4. Past Continuous:

A letter was being written.

5. Present Perfect:

A letter has been written.

6. Past Perfect:

A letter had been written.

7. Future (will):

A letter will be written.

8. Future (going to):

A letter is going to be written.

9. Modal:

A letter must be written.

1.Sentence Definition: A sentence must minimally contain one subject, one predicate, and convey meaning.

2.Active vs. Passive Voice: The active voice describes the subject performing an action, while the passive voice describes the subject being acted upon (similar to using the Indonesian prefixes 'me-' for active and 'di-' or 'ber-' for passive).

3.Prerequisite: Only sentences that contain an object can be converted into the passive voice. Sentences without an object (intransitive) cannot be passivized.

4.The Core Passive Formula: The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence, followed by the core structure:

BE (conjugated according to tense) + Verb 3 (Past Participle) + (by Subject)

5.Tense Variations: The video presents eight formulas for passive voice across different tenses, as the form of the BE verb must change to match the original active tense:

- Simple Present: is/am/are + V3

- Present Continuous: is/am/are + being + V3

- Simple Past: was/were + V3

- Perfect Tenses: have/has/had + been + V3

- Future Tenses: will + be + V3 (or will + have + been + V3 for Future Perfect)

6.Complex Cases: The lesson also addresses special cases such as active sentences with two objects, where either object can be chosen to become the new subject, and the use of modals (e.g., must, should), which follow the pattern: Modal

+ be + V3.

The passive voice is a sentence structure in English where the subject receives or is subjected to an action, rather than being the doer of the action. The primary focus of passive sentences is on the object or result of an activity, not on who performs the action.

The main difference between active voice and passive voice is the focus: active voice focuses on the doer (the subject performing the action), while passive voice focuses on the recipient of the action (the subject being acted upon).

The basic formula for active voice is

Subject + Verb + Object.

Passive voice is Subject + be + Past Participle (V3) + by + Object.

ex. The boy was helped (by Marry).

📝 There are two types of sentences: active and passive.

A sentence is called an active sentence if it has the affix me- and is called a passive sentence if it has the affixes di- and ber- (in Indonesian). Furthermore, to change a sentence from passive to active, it 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐚𝐧 𝐨𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭. In English grammar, to change an active sentence to passive, you change the object in the active sentence to the subject.

🧩 The formula

ACTIVE

S + V + O

ACTIVE > PASSIVE

O + be + V3 + by S (optional)

🔗also applies when there are two objects.

🧮Example:

I write a letter

↓↓↓

A letter is written by me

🫟List formula of PASSIVE:

1. Simple Present tense:

be(is,am,are)+ V3

2. Present continuous tense:

be(is,am,are)+ being+ V3

3. Present perfect tense:

has/have+ been+ V3

4. Simple past tense:

be(was, were) + V3

5. Past continuous tense:

be(was, were)+ being+ V3

6. Past perfect tense:

had + been + V3

7. Simple Future tense:

will/ be(is,am,are) going to + be + V3

8. Future perfect tense:

will + have + been + V3

Definition of a Sentence: A sentence must minimally contain one subject, one predicate (verb), and convey a clear meaning.

The Main Rule: A sentence can only be converted into the passive voice if it is a transitive sentence—meaning it must have an object. Intransitive sentences (those without an object) cannot be made passive.

2. The Basic Transformation Formula

The fundamental principle for converting an Active sentence (Subject + Verb + Object) into a Passive sentence is:

New Subject (Old Object) + To Be (conjugated) + Verb 3 (Past Participle) + by Agent (Old Subject, optional).

3. Passive Voice Formulas for Different Tenses

The core formula adapts based on the tense of the original active sentence:

Tense Passive Formula (To Be + Verb 3)

Simple Present is/am/are + V3

Simple Past was/were + V3

Present Continuous is/am/are + being + V3

Past Continuous was/were + being + V3

Present Perfect has/have + been + V3

Past Perfect had + been + V3

Simple Future will / be going to + be + V3

Future Perfect will have + been + V3

4. Special Cases

Sentences with Two Objects: If the active sentence contains two objects (e.g., "She told him the truth"), either object can be chosen to become the new subject of the passive sentence.

Passive with Modals: For sentences using modal verbs (like must, can, should), the passive structure is simply the Modal + be + V3 (e.g., "The letter must be written").

- Explains what passive voice is and its difference from active voice.

- Explains when and why we use passive voice.

- Formation of Passive Sentences:

- Shows how to change active sentences into passive sentences in various tenses (Simple Present, Present Continuous, Simple Past, etc.).

- Explains the use of "to be" (is, am, are, was, were, been, being) and past participle in passive sentences.

- Example Sentences and Exercises:

- Provides many examples of active and passive sentences.

- Offers practice questions to test student understanding.

- Supporting Material:

- May discuss other materials relevant to grade 11, such as:

- Letter Writing

- Cause and Effect

- Explanation Text

- Opinions and Thoughts

- Invitation

- Tips and Tricks:

- Provides tips for understanding and using passive voice correctly.

- Avoiding common mistakes in the use of passive voice.

Related Videos (from search results):

- Videos from Kampung Inggris LC and WE about Active and Passive Voice.

- Videos about examples of passive sentences in Simple Present Tense and Present Continuous Tense.

- Videos about Passive Voice for 9th grade (perhaps as an introductory material).

Objective:

- Help 11th grade students understand the concept and use of passive voice in English.

- Improve students' ability to write and speak English correctly.- Definition and Function of Passive Voice: - Explains what passive voice is and its difference from active voice. - Explains when and why we use passive voice. - Formation of Passive Sentences: - Shows how to change active sentences into passive sentences in various tenses (Simple Present, Present Continuous, Simple Past, etc.). - Explains the use of "to be" (is, am, are, was, were, been, being) and past participle in passive sentences. - Example Sentences and Exercises: - Provides many examples of active and passive sentences. - Offers practice questions to test student understanding. - Supporting Material: - May discuss other materials relevant to grade 11, such as: - Letter Writing - Cause and Effect - Explanation Text - Opinions and Thoughts - Invitation - Tips and Tricks: - Provides tips for understanding and using passive voice correctly. - Avoiding common mistakes in the use of passive voice. Related Videos (from search results): - Videos from Kampung Inggris LC and WE about Active and Passive Voice. - Videos about examples of passive sentences in Simple Present Tense and Present Continuous Tense. - Videos about Passive Voice for 9th grade (perhaps as an introductory material). Objective: - Help 11th grade students understand the concept and use of passive voice in English. - Improve students' ability to write and speak English correctly.

A sentence is a group of words that:

Has at least 1 Subject

Has at least 1 Predicate (Verb)

Conveys meaning

Examples:

I eat. → ✅ Sentence

Is going to eat. → ❌ Not a sentence (no subject)

ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE:

🔹 Active Voice:

The subject does the action.

> Formula:

S + V + O

Example:

Ani reads a storybook.

Marry helps the boy.

John opens the door.

I am reading a book.

🔹 Passive Voice:

The subject receives the action.

The object in the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence:

> General Formula:

O (from active) + be + V3

EXAMPLES OF ACTIVE → PASSIVE:

Active:

Marry helped the boy.

John opens the door.

I am reading a book.

Passive:

The boy was helped by Marry.

The door is opened by John.

A book is being read by me.

LIST OF PASSIVE FORMULAS (ALL TENSES):

1. Simple Present

be (is, am, are) + V3

Active: She writes a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by her.

2. Present Continuous

be + being + V3

Active: She is writing a letter.

Passive: A letter is being written by her.

3. Present Perfect

has / have + been + V3

Active: She has written a letter.

Passive: A letter has been written by her.

4. Simple Past

was / were + V3

Active: She wrote a letter.

Passive: A letter was written by her.

5. Past Continuous

was / were + being + V3

Active: She was writing a letter.

Passive: A letter was being written by her.

6. Past Perfect

had + been + V3

Active: She had written a letter.

Passive: A letter had been written by her.

7. Simple Future

will + be + V3

OR

be (is/am/are) + going to + be + V3

Active: She will write a letter.

Passive: A letter will be written by her.

Active: She is going to write a letter.

Passive: A letter is going to be written by her.

8. Future Perfect

will + have + been + V3

Active: She will have written a letter.

Passive: A letter will have been written by her.

PASSIVE WITH TWO OBJECTS:

Active:

I am going to tell him the truth.

This sentence has two objects:

him (indirect object)

the truth (direct object)

TWO PASSIVE FORMS:

1️⃣ He is going to be told the truth by me.

2️⃣ The truth is going to be told to him by me.

SENTENCES THAT CANNOT BE MADE INTO PASSIVE:

Only sentences WITH OBJECT can be changed into passive.

If there is NO object, passive is NOT possible.

Examples:

• She cries very hard

• I sleep early tonight.

• The bus is coming.

• I cried in the kitchen.

➡️ These sentences CANNOT be changed into passive.

IMPORTANT REMINDER (For Indonesian Students):

Active (Aktif) → subject does the action

Example: Ani membaca buku.

Passive (Pasif) → subject receives the action

Example: Buku dibaca oleh Ani.

1. Definition

The passive voice is used when the subject receives the action of the verb. The focus is on the action or the object, not the doer.

Example:

Active: The chef cooks the meal.

Passive: The meal is cooked by the chef.

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2. General Pattern

text{to be} + text{V3 (past participle)}

The form of to be changes according to the tense.

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3. Passive Voice in Different Tenses

Tense Structure

Simple Present am/is/are + V3
Simple Past was/were + V3
Present Continuous am/is/are + being + V3
Past Continuous was/were + being + V3
Present Perfect has/have + been + V3
Past Perfect had + been + V3
Simple Future will + be + V3
Be going to am/is/are + going to + be + V3

4. How to Change Active to Passive

1. Move the object to the subject position.

2. Change the verb into to be + V3 (adjust the tense).

3. Put the original subject after the verb with “by” (optional).

4. Keep the meaning the same.

Example:
Active: They paint the wall.
Passive: The wall is painted (by them).

5. When Passive Voice Is Used

Passive voice is used when:

The doer is unknown.
The purse was stolen.

The doer is not important.
English is spoken around the world.

The focus is on the result or object.
The project was completed yesterday

- In a passive sentence, the main focus is on the action or the result of the action, rather than who performed it. The subject in a passive sentence experiences or receives the action.

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2. Essential Traits of a Valid Sentence

- A complete sentence requires at least two key elements: a subject (the entity being talked about) and a predicate (a verb that describes what the subject is doing or experiencing). Complete meaning is also a must.

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- Transformation to the passive form is only possible if the active sentence has an object—something that receives the action. If there is no object, as in sentences that only have adverbs (for example, adverbs of place or time), the sentence cannot be changed into the passive form.

Contoh (Example):

Active: Ani reads a storybook.

Passive: The storybook is read by Ani.

3. Requirements for a sentence to be changed into passive:

Must have an object (something that receives the action).

If there is no object, the sentence cannot be changed into passive.

Example: She sleeps early → cannot be changed into passive because there is no object.

4. Basic pattern:

Active sentence: Subject + Verb + Object

Passive sentence: Object (active) → Subject (passive) + to be + Verb 3 + (by Subject)

The phrase “by Subject” can be omitted if the doer is not important or not known.

5. Difference between object and adverb:

Object: a thing or person that receives the action.

Adverb: shows time, place, or manner, usually begins with on, in, at, or ends with -ly.

6. Steps to change active into passive:

Move the object in the active sentence to the subject position

Adjust the form of “to be” according to the tense and the new subject.

Use the Verb 3 (past participle).

Add “by” followed by the doer if necessary.

7. Example of transformation:

a. Simple Past

Active: Mary helped the boy

Passive: The boy was helped by Mary

b. Simple Present

Active: John opens the door

Passive: The door is opened by John

c. Present Continuous

Active: I am reading a book

Passive: A book is being read by me

8. Passive voice formulas based on tenses:

Simple Present: is/am/are + Verb 3

Present Continuous: is/am/are + being + Verb 3

Present Perfect: has/have + been + Verb 3

Simple Past: was/were + Verb 3

Past Continuous: was/were + being + Verb 3

Past Perfect: had + been + Verb 3

Simple Future: will + be + Verb 3

Future Perfect: will have + been + Verb 3

Passive voice with two objects:

If an active sentence has two objects, you can choose one of them to become the subject in the passive sentence.

Example:

Active: I am going to tell him the truth

Passive 1: He is going to be told the truth by me

Passive 2: The truth is going to be told to him by me

9. Sentences that cannot be changed into passive:

Sentences without objects (for example, only with subject and predicate) cannot be changed into passive.

Example: I cook in the kitchen → cannot be changed, because “in the kitchen” is an adverb of place, not an object.

10. Practice transformation examples:

I write a letter → A letter is written by me

I am writing a letter → A letter is being written by me

I wrote a letter → A letter was written by me