Problem Set #2 by Erin Williams-Hatala

MULTIPLE CHOICE #1

ewilliamshatala2 — 2021-09-13 15:43:47 UTC

The following statement(s) is/are true of the walking gait (referring to the reference limb only):

A) Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus pull from their origins to perform lateral pelvic tilting action during mid stance and terminal stance

B) The plantar aponeurosis and the calcaneal tendon help to store elastic energy that is used during mid-stance and terminal stance

C) Gastrocnemius and soleus are pulling from their insertion to prevent over-flexion of the leg at the knee during initial contact and loading response

D) When speed is increasing psoas major, iliacus, sartoruis, adductor longus and gracilis act to flex the thigh at the hip during initial swing

E) Flexion of the knee at loading response and mid-stance helps to control the vertical rise in the center of mass

ANSWER:
D, E

Question #1

ewilliamshatala2 — 2023-09-20 14:49:43 UTC

Describe the function of the dorsal interossei during the walking gait, including

A) the period(s) in which they are active

B) their function(s) during each phase

C) synergists

ANSWER:

Question #2

ewilliamshatala2 — 2023-09-20 14:50:53 UTC

Trace the primary blood supply of extensor digitorum brevis back to the abdominal aorta. Indicate all communicating regions and primary landmarks along the path and BE SPECIFIC naming the relevant structures.

ANSWER:
dorsalis pedis

abd aorta (anterior vert column, bifurcates @ L4/L5) / common iliac (bifurcates @ SI joint) / external iliac (deep to inguinal ligament, anterior compart of thigh) / femoral artery (within femoral triangle & sheath, adductor canal, thru hiatus) / popliteal artery (within popliteal fossa) / (tendon arch of soleus) anterior tibial artery (superior aperture of interosseous membrane) / (deep superior & inferior extensor retinacula) dorsalis pedis

Multiple Choice #2

ewilliamshatala2 — 2023-09-20 14:52:21 UTC

The following statement(s) is/are true regarding the function(s) of the muscles of the lower limb:

A) All of the muscles that laterally rotate the thigh at the hip are locate in the gluteal region

B) If the anterior rami of L5, S1 AND S2 of the superficial fibular nerve were rendered non-functional, eversion of the foot would no longer be possible

C) All of the muscles in the second layer of the foot are associated with the tendons of flexor digitorum longus

D) All of the muscles that medially rotate the thigh at the hip (including those that MAY perform this function) receive spinal contribution from L4, L5, AND S1

E) All of the muscles that flex the leg at the knee arise from the ischium

QUESTION #3

ewilliamshatala2 — 2023-10-02 15:10:05 UTC

Trace the somatic efferent innervation pathway flexor hallucis longus between the muscle and the appropriate place in the spinal cord. Indicate all communicating regions and primary landmarks along the path and BE SPECIFIC naming the relevant structures. Also indicate either the start or the ending point.

ANSWER:

Question #5:

ewilliamshatala2 — 2023-10-02 15:11:40 UTC

A patient presents with slightly weakened flexion of the leg at the knee, no ability to dorsiflex the toes or ankle and evert the foot and weakened plantar flexion and inversion of the foot. All other motions test normal. What seems to be the problem (tell me where the problem seems to be and which nerve is impacted)? Explain your reasoning in terms of A) nerves, B) functions.

ANSWER:
Tib anterior, EDL, EHL, Fib Ter

EDB

Fib L & Fib B

Tib anterior

SH biceps femoris

MULTIPLE CHOICE #3

ewilliamshatala2 — 2023-10-02 15:13:08 UTC

The following statement(s) is/are true regarding the walking gait:

A) Potential energy is at a minimum at heel strike

B) Popliteus contracts during terminal swing to fully extend the leg at the knee

C) A lesion on the posterior root at L5, S1 and S2 would compromise quadriceps femoris’ ability to resist flexion of the knee during initial contact and loading response

D) The dorsiflexors of the foot act during forefoot rocker to prevent foot drop

E) Quadriceps femoris is active from terminal swing through loading response