• Where is it located?

• When was it built?

• Who built or designed it?

🌟 2: Unique Features

• Share three special features of this landmark.

• Explain its symbolic meaning or why it’s famous.

🌟 3: Travel Information

• How can people get there?

• What are the opening hours, ticket prices for different types of tour, and visitor tips?

23李竑穎

25林延哲

26翁睿澤

30莊上允

32陳威戎

28張廷軒

21李羽鴻

10劉穎熹

38詹博軒

29張沃晴

3林巧翊

4莊函諭

5郭芮旖

8劉承艾

40鄧博泓

6陳玟汘

9劉恩瑄

11鄭羽庭

36黃富揚

33陳韋翰

27張永濬

39劉尚朋

31許嘉展

37楊銘凱

Construction Period: 1632–1654

Reason: To commemorate his most beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal

• The Taj Mahal was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.

• It is hailed as a monument of eternal love and is one of the Seven Wonders of the World

Symmetrical design

Has a large dome and four minarets

1. Where is it located?

The Colosseum is located in the center of Rome, Italy, just east of the Roman Forum.

Its exact location is Piazza del Colosseo, Rome. It’s one of the most famous landmarks in the world and a symbol of ancient Rome.

2. Why or when was it built?

The Colosseum was built to entertain the public with gladiator games, animal hunts, and other shows.

Construction began in AD 72 under Emperor Vespasian and was completed in AD 80 by his son Titus.

It was built to celebrate the power and glory of the Roman Empire and to give free entertainment to the people.

3. Who built it?

The Colosseum was built by Emperor Vespasian of the Flavian dynasty, and finished by his son Emperor Titus.

That’s why it’s also called the Flavian Amphitheatre.

Thousands of Roman engineers, slaves, and craftsmen worked together to build it using stone, or iron.

Location:India,Agara

Open Days:expect Fridays

He was very sad and wanted to build something beautiful to remember her.

That’s why people call the Taj Mahal “a symbol of love.”

1. ​Largest Freestanding Amphitheater: It is the largest elliptical amphitheater ever constructed, notable for being a colossal, self-supporting structure rather than one built into a hillside for stability.

2. ​Efficient Crowd Control System: Featuring 80 arched entrances and a complex system of ramps and corridors (known as Vomitoria), the design allowed tens of thousands of spectators to enter or evacuate the stadium in as little as 10 to 15 minutes, making it a marvel of ancient crowd management.

3. ​Complex Underground System (Hypogeum): Below the arena floor was a sophisticated two-level network of tunnels and mechanisms. This subterranean area housed animals and gladiators and utilized advanced machinery to dramatically hoist performers and scenery onto the stage.

When he got old, he was locked in a fort and could only see the Taj Mahal from his window until he died.

/ Bus（You can take buses 11, 24, 148, or 211 to Westminster Station / Parliament Square.Big Ben is just a short walk from there.）

/ walking （If you’re near the London Eye, just walk across Westminster Bridge — Big Ben will be straight ahead.）

It is also celebrated for its large, accurate clock mechanism and its massive, distinctive bell. 

and the engineering skill of the Roman Empire,while also reminding us of the violence and spectacle that were part of its society.

1.How do people get there

From the capital city of Cusco, the most common option is to take a train to Aguas Calientes (also known as “Machu Picchu Town”), and then continue by shuttle bus or on foot up to Machu Picchu.

In addition to the train, there are also routes from more remote areas or trekking options (such as the Inca Trail), which require a permit obtained in advance.

2.Opening hours

Daily opening hours: 6:00 a.m. – 5:30 p.m.

3.Ticket price

The standard ticket (“Only Machu Picchu”) costs around S/152 (≈US$40) and gives access to the main ruins.

The mountain tickets (for Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain) cost around S/200 (≈US$55) and include both the citadel and the hike.

Students, children, and Peruvian residents get discounts — tickets start at about S/77 with valid ID.

It is varous daily.

Ticket Prices

• Children under 11: Not allowed to enter

• Ages 11–17: £15

• Adults: £30

Visitor Tips

1. The only way to visit Big Ben is by joining the “Big Ben Tours.” This guided tour takes visitors to the top of the clock tower and shares the history of Big Ben. Tickets are released on the official website at 10:00 a.m. (UK time) on the second Wednesday of each month.

2. The tour lasts 90 minutes and involves climbing 334 spiral steps. No personal belongings, including phones, are allowed during the tour. Sandals and high heels are also prohibited. Most importantly, toilets are only available before and after the tour.

1. Big Ben keeps correct time by using pennies.
   They put or remove old coins on the pendulum to make it faster or slower.

2. There was a small jail inside the tower.
   Bad members of Parliament could be locked there for a short time.

3. The big bell has a crack.
   They didn’t replace it, just turned it and kept using it,so the sound today is from a cracked bell.

1. Amazing Stone Work

Machu Picchu was built with huge stones that fit perfectly together without any cement. Even after many earthquakes, the walls are still standing strong.

2. Stunning Location

It is located high in the Andes Mountains, about 2,430 meters above sea level. The view is breathtaking, surrounded by mountains and the Urubamba River.

3. Spiritual and Cultural Meaning

Machu Picchu was probably a holy place or a royal retreat for the Inca people. Some buildings, like the Temple of the Sun, were built to line up with the sun during special times of the year.

The Symbolism of Machu Picchu：

Machu Picchu symbolizes the wisdom, faith, and harmony with nature of the Inca civilization. It shows the Inca people’s amazing engineering skills and their deep respect for the sun, the mountains, and the earth. The layout of the city is connected to the movement of the sun, reflecting their belief in living in balance with nature.

Why it is so famous？

Machu Picchu is world-famous because it is one of the best-preserved and most impressive ancient Inca sites. Its stunning mountain scenery, mysterious history, and incredible architecture make it one of the New Seven Wonders of the World and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

1.How to Get There

Metro: Take Rome Metro Line B and get off at Colosseo Station. The Colosseum will be visible upon exiting the station.

Bus: Buses 75, 81, 87, 117, 175, 204, 673, and 850 are available.

Tram: Tram 3 or 8 is available.

2.Open Hours: The Colosseum is generally open daily, but hours vary seasonally. It is recommended to check the official website for the latest information before your visit.

3.Price: Tickets for the Colosseum are often combined with admission to the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill. A variety of ticket types are available, including general admission, audio guides, guided tours, and nighttime tours. Prices vary depending on the type, but generally cost around 600 TWD

4.Visit Tips:

Buy tickets in advance: It is recommended to purchase tickets online from the official website or authorized platforms to avoid waiting in line.

5.Best Time to Visit: Visit in the morning or late afternoon to avoid the midday crowds.

6.Dress Comfortably: The Colosseum's floor is uneven, so comfortable shoes are recommended.

Be Safe: Be aware of pickpockets and keep your belongings safe.

Audio Guides: Rent an audio guide or join a guided tour to gain a deeper understanding of the Colosseum's history.

🏛️ The Colosseum — Rome’s Ancient Wonder

1. Historical Background

• Built: Around A.D. 70–80 by Emperor Vespasian and completed by Emperor Titus.

• Purpose: It was an amphitheater for public entertainment, such as gladiator fights, animal hunts, and mock naval battles.

• Location: In the center of Rome, Italy — symbolizing the power and greatness of the Roman Empire.

⸻

2. Specific and Valuable Features

🧱 Architecture and Engineering

• The Colosseum could hold about 50,000–80,000 spectators, making it one of the largest amphitheaters ever built.

• It used concrete and stone, and its elliptical (oval) shape allowed everyone to have a good view.

• The hypogeum, a two-level underground structure, was used to store animals and prepare gladiators before they entered the arena through trapdoors.

• Its velarium (a giant retractable awning) provided shade — an incredible engineering achievement for ancient times.

⸻

3. Historical Artifacts and Valuable Things Found

Archaeologists have discovered many important items inside and around the Colosseum, such as:

• Weapons (swords, helmets, armor) used by gladiators.

• Animal bones — proof of the exotic beasts brought from Africa and the Middle East.

• Graffiti and carvings, showing names of gladiators or messages from fans.

• Coins and pottery fragments, which help historians understand the daily life of Romans.

These artifacts are valuable because they connect us directly to ancient Roman culture and show how entertainment reflected society’s values, beliefs, and politics.

⸻

4. Why It’s So Special

• It’s a symbol of Roman engineering and architecture.

• It represents the power of the Roman Empire and its influence on world history.

• It’s recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

• Even though it’s partly ruined, it still attracts millions of visitors each year — a living monument of ancient civilization.

⸻

💡 Quick Summary for Presentation Slide

Feature Description

Built Around A.D. 70–80

Purpose Gladiator fights, animal hunts, and shows

Capacity 50,000–80,000 spectators

Key Structures Hypogeum, Velarium, Arches

Artifacts Found Weapons, animal bones, graffiti, coins

Symbolism Power, culture, and glory of ancient Rome

🏛️ 羅馬競技場（Colosseum）— 古羅馬的奇蹟

1. 歷史背景

• 建造時間： 約西元 70–80 年，由 維斯帕先皇帝（Vespasian） 下令建造，並由他的兒子 提圖斯皇帝（Titus） 完工。

• 用途： 是一座用來舉辦公開娛樂活動的大型圓形競技場，例如角鬥士比賽、狩獵野獸、以及模擬海戰。

• 地點： 位於義大利羅馬市中心，象徵著羅馬帝國的權力與榮耀。

⸻

2. 具體而有價值的特色

🧱 建築與工程設計

• 羅馬競技場可容納約 5 萬至 8 萬名觀眾，是歷史上最大的圓形競技場之一。

• 建材主要是混凝土與石頭，呈橢圓形結構，讓觀眾從各個角度都能清楚觀看比賽。

• 地下層（Hypogeum） 有兩層，用來安置野獸與準備角鬥士，並透過機關與暗門讓他們進入場中。

• 天幕（Velarium） 是一種可伸縮的遮陽布棚，在當時是極為先進的工程技術。

⸻

3. 發現的歷史文物與珍貴物品

考古學家在競技場內外發現了許多重要的遺物：

• 武器（如劍、頭盔、盔甲）——角鬥士使用的裝備。

• 動物骨骼——證明當時有許多野獸是從非洲與中東地區運來的。

• 牆上刻字與塗鴉——記錄了角鬥士的名字與觀眾的留言。

• 錢幣與陶器碎片——幫助歷史學家了解古羅馬人的日常生活。

這些文物極具價值，因為它們讓我們直接連結古羅馬的文化與社會生活，並了解當時的娛樂、信仰與政治思想。

⸻

4. 為什麼羅馬競技場如此特別

• 它是羅馬建築與工程技術的象徵。

• 代表羅馬帝國的力量與世界影響力。

• 被列為 聯合國教科文組織世界文化遺產，也是世界新七大奇蹟之一。

• 雖然部分已毀壞，但仍然每年吸引數百萬遊客參觀，是古代文明永恆的象徵。

項目 說明

建造時間 西元約 70–80 年

用途 角鬥士比賽、狩獵表演、模擬海戰

可容納人數 約 50,000–80,000 人

主要結構 地下層（Hypogeum）、天幕（Velarium）、拱門

發現的文物 武器、骨骼、塗鴉、錢幣、陶器

象徵意義 古羅馬的權力、文化與榮耀

Big Ben is famous for being iconic symbol of London and the UK, its massive and accurate clock, and its famous chimes

When was it built :Not yet

Who built or designed it:Antonio Gaudi

Three special features of this landmark :

1.Combined Gothic and curvilinear Art Nouveau forms.

2.The biggest unfinished church in the world.

3.The longest construction period in history

Explain its symbolic meaning or why it's famous :

With Gaudi's architectural and engineering style combining Gothic and curvilinear Art Nouveau forms, beautiful structures attract tourists to visit.

How can people get there :By taking Barcelona Metro Line 2 and 5

Opening hours :9:00~20:00(10:30~20:00 at Sunday )

Ticket price :

Church +app audio guide 26€

Church +app audio guide +group tour 30€

Church +app audio guide +tower 36€

Church +tower +app audio guide +group tour 40€

Visitor tips :

1.Don't wear sleeveless .

2.Paints and skirts longer than mid-thigh, shorts and skirts are not allowed .

When was it built :Not yet

Who built or designed it:Antonio Gaudi

Three special features of this landmark :

1.Combined Gothic and curvilinear Art Nouveau forms.

2.The biggest unfinished church in the world.

3.The longest construction period in history

Explain its symbolic meaning or why it's famous :

With Gaudi's architectural and engineering style combining Gothic and curvilinear Art Nouveau forms, beautiful structures attract tourists to visit.

How can people get there :By taking Barcelona Metro Line 2 and 5

Opening hours：

9:00~20:00(10:30~20:00 at Sunday )

Ticket price :

Church +app audio guide 26€

Church +app audio guide +group tour 30€

Church +app audio guide +tower 36€

Church +tower +app audio guide +group tour 40€

Visitor tips :

1.Don't wear sleeveless .

2.Paints and skirts longer than mid-thigh, shorts and skirts are not allowed .

​See the Building: Walk around the outside to enjoy the famous "sail" design. It looks great in the day and at night!

​Take a Tour: Join a guided tour to learn about the history, architecture, and hidden areas inside the building.

​Watch a Show: If possible, buy a ticket to see an opera, concert, or ballet.

​Enjoy the View: Have a coffee or meal at one of the cafes or restaurants near the Opera House with a great view of the harbor

​Circular Quay: This is the main transport area (ferries, trains) and where the Opera House is located.

​Sydney Harbour Bridge: The Opera House and the Bridge are right next to each other. They are perfect for photos!

​The Rocks: A short walk from the Opera House. It is Sydney's oldest neighborhood with markets, old pubs, and galleries.

​Ferries: Take a ferry from Circular Quay (for example, to Manly). You get the best view of the Opera House and the Harbour Bridge from the water.

​Royal Botanic Garden: You can take beautiful photos of the Opera House from the garden.