BIOLOGIA by natalia monterrosa https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe todo es cuestión de la ciencia en-us 2020-09-03 23:45:11 UTC 2025-10-25 23:31:09 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9ec.png WHAT IS A VIRUS? nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719715421 Viruses are small MICROORGANIMES made up of pieces of RNA (ribonucleic acid) or DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), many are encapsulated in an envelope made of proteins known as a capsid, others protect their genetic material with a membrane or envelope derived from the cell the one they infect and some others also surround their capsid with a cell membrane.]]> 2020-09-03 23:54:32 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719715421 nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719730767 virus video]]> 2020-09-04 00:05:53 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719730767 nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719736066 2020-09-04 00:09:11 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719736066 Reproduction nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719772303 2020-09-04 00:30:50 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719772303 bad virus nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719776364 The way in which viruses evade these host defenses are very varied, some of them are:
1) production of proteins that interfere with or disable the cell's molecular warning signals (eg, block the interferon production system), and that can prevent the molecules involved in activating the cell death programming from working; thus allowing the cell to live long enough until the virus has produced a large number of new viruses that will infect more cells.
2) The adaptive immune system (B cells) has memory for the types of viral strains to which the individual has already been exposed, but the high rates of mutation cause the virus to change rapidly so that the adaptive immune system no longer it recognizes and escapes (this method is known as "bait and switch").
3) Some viruses with different origin (eg human influenza and avian influenza) can make mixtures of their genetic material when they infect the same individual of the same or another species (eg pig), this makes the immune system have no memory against this new variant!
 4) Use disguises to hide from the cellular defense system; For example, there is a group of viruses known as rotavirus, which have a triple protein layer protecting their genetic material, of which only the outermost is eliminated by enzymes from the digestive system, but the genetic material is kept hidden from the immune system inside of the other two wraps.]]> 2020-09-04 00:33:05 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719776364 Example of a virus nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719778517 2020-09-04 00:34:18 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719778517 Bacterias nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719785439 muchas personas tienen a pesar que una bacteria es lo mismo que un virus. pero, déjenme decirles que están equivocados.
Así que,  ¿que es una bacteria?
Las bacterias son un extenso grupo de microorganismos procariotas (desprovistos de núcleo celular) de diversas formas y tamaños posibles.]]> 2020-09-04 00:37:25 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719785439 diferencias entres virus y bacterias nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719794011 2020-09-04 00:41:48 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719794011 tipos de bacterias 1. nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719798334 Según su morfología:
  • Bacilios. De formas alargadas, como barras microscópicas.
  • Cocos. De formas esféricas o redondas. Las bacterias tipo coco también pueden presentarse en pares (diplococos), en grupos de a cuatro (tetracocos), en cadenas (estreptococos) y en agrupaciones irregulares o racimos (estafilococos).
  • Formas helicoidales. Pueden ser: vibrios, de forma de coma y ligeramente curvados; espirilos, de forma helicoidal rígida o de tirabuzón; o espiroquetas, en forma de tirabuzón flexible


Fuente: https://concepto.de/bacterias/#ixzz6X1taEDJs
]]> 2020-09-04 00:44:00 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719798334 estructura de la bacteria nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719860467 2020-09-04 01:17:12 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719860467 características de las bacterias nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719875264 2020-09-04 01:25:22 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719875264 Generalidades nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719881457 2020-09-04 01:28:37 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719881457 nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719885530 Según la composición de su pared celular:
  • Gram positivas. Adquieren un color violáceo o azulado cuando se emplea el tinte, debido a la presencia de una pared celular engrosada.
  • Gram negativas. Toman un color rosado o rojo cuando se emplea el tinte, debido a la presencia de una pared celular delgada.
Fuente: https://concepto.de/bacterias/#ixzz6X25N54tM

]]> 2020-09-04 01:30:45 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719885530 ¿en que consiste la tincion de gram? nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719888774 La tinción de Gram es una técnica muy sencilla que se basa en el uso de un colorante que permite observar las bacterias mejor que bajo el microscopio. es decir, La tinción de Gram se utiliza en microbiología (desde finales del siglo XIX). Es una técnica muy sencilla que se basa en el uso de un colorante (tinción) y que tiene una gran utilidad en medicina.
por ejemplo:]]> 2020-09-04 01:32:28 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719888774 How to do a Gram stain? nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719897029 The process is very simple, and the steps to follow would be:

1.Collect the sample of bacteria to be studied using a swab (sterile cotton stick).

2.Spread said sample on a slide and let it dry.

3.Fix the sample using an alcohol (methanol).

4.Apply the gentian violet stain on the slide and wait one minute.

5.Rinse the sample with water and apply a gentian violet fixative (lugol). Lugol and gentian violet form a water-insoluble complex capable of penetrating the wall of bacterial cells.

6.Wash the slide again with a mixture of alcohol and acetone for a few seconds.

7.Optionally, a safranin or fuchsin stain can be added to distinguish gram negatives that will appear under the microscope (rather than colorless) with a pink or red hue. Wash off with water

8.The sample can now be seen under a microscope, where gram-positive ones will be seen in purple and gram-negative ones in a reddish-pink color.]]> 2020-09-04 01:36:58 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719897029 What are antibiotics? nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719903320 Antibiotics are drugs that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing bacteria or making it difficult for them to grow and multiply.

What are the side effects of antibiotics?
The side effects of antibiotics range from mild to very severe. Some of the common side effects include:

1.Rash
2.Sickness
3.Diarrhea
4.Candida infections]]> 2020-09-04 01:40:45 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719903320 nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719909807 Antibiotics work against bacteria, destroying them or preventing their reproduction. Bacteria that are susceptible to being killed by the action of an antibiotic are called sensitive. However, some bacteria are immune to the action of the antibiotic, a phenomenon known as resistance. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics can be caused either by the characteristics of the bacteria or because it has evolved in some way to combat the mechanism of action of the antibiotic. Diseases caused by resistant bacteria can be very serious because they are more difficult to treat, often at a higher cost, and it can even lead to the fact that there are no antibiotics capable of fighting them.
Among the factors that influence antibiotic resistance are the unjustified use and abuse of antibiotics in humans, animals and in agriculture. Other important factors are the demand for antibiotic prescriptions and obtaining them without a prescription.]]> 2020-09-04 01:44:28 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719909807 nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719913999 2020-09-04 01:46:48 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719913999 nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719914582 2020-09-04 01:47:05 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719914582 nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719915240 2020-09-04 01:47:28 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719915240 nataliamonterrosam https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719916238 2020-09-04 01:47:54 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamonterrosam/z15ftevyv01ppvbe/wish/719916238