Three kinds of Bipolar disorders:

1.    Bipolar I Disorder-high maniac/severe depressive episodes

2.    Bipolar II Disorder-high and lows, but highs less severe/lows just as severe as BP-I.

3.    Cyclothymic Disorder-milder episodes of BP-I, chronic mood swings with less frequency, severity and shorter duration.

Treatment-medication(s) & psychotherapy.

·      These disorders

·      Their   effects

·      Support methods

Depressive Disorders-

Depression/Major Depressive Disorder-causes severe feelings of how you think, feel, and handle daily activities. For example, how you sleep, eat or how you work. The illness affects anyone, but research does show that genetics, the environment and psychological factors play a role.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

•Separation Anxiety

•Selective Mutism

•Specific Phobia

•Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)

•Panic Disorder

•Agoraphobia

•Generalized Anxiety Disorder

•Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder 

•Other Anxiety Disorders (Specified and Unspecified Disorders)

Excessive fear, worry and avoidance behaviors.

Disorders:

  1.generalized anxiety disorder

            2.panic disorder

  3.social anxiety disorder

  4.specific phobias

Agoraphobia- fear of physical environments, perception of being trapped, fear of not being to escape, associated with depression.

SAD & Agoraphobia- Clients experience anxiety, intense fear, avoidance, panic attacks.

Treatment consists of:

       1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

       2. Exposure Therapy

       3. Medication(s)

What is a Licensed Professional Therapist: An LPC who provides counseling/therapy services to individuals, couples and families. Helping clients with a wide range of issues and coping strategies (ERIC, 2025).

Early traumatic and stressful events are risk factors for eating disorders (Solmi, 2021). A persistent disturbance of eating or eating related that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning (APA, 2013 p.329).

1.Anorexia Nervosa

2.Bulimia Nervosa

3.Binge Eating Disorder

4.Pica

5.Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

ELIMINATION DISORDER

Inappropriate elimination of urine or feces usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescence (APA, 2013).

1.Enuresis

2. Encopresis

3. Other Elimination Disorders (Specified and    Unspecified)

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  Signs & Symptoms:

vIntense fear of gaining weight

vRefusal to gain weight/follow nutritional guidelines

vBehaviors have serious restricting of food

vMedical conditions

vToo thin or weak

vAbsence of menstrual cycle

vFine and soft hair

2. Bulimia Nervosa- binge eating and purging that are used to prevent weight gain.

  Signs & Symptoms:

vEating large quantities of food especially at one time esp. high fat and sweets.

vInduced vomiting, laxatives and excessive exercise.

vPreoccupation with body image/body size.

vWorrying/complaining about being fat.

vFear of becoming overweight

vExercising too much

vNot wanting to eat in public places

vA distorted/negative body image

vElectrolyte imbalance/dental problems

vGoing to the bathroom right after eating meals

  Signs & Symptoms

vEating much more rapidly than normal

vEating until feeling uncomfortably full

vEating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry.

vEating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how much one is eating.

vFeeling disgusted with oneself, depressed or very guilty afterwards.

vMarked distressed regarding binge eating is present

vThe binge eating occurs, on average, at least once a week for three months

vThe binge eating is not associated with the recurrent use of inappropriate compensatory behavior as in bulimia nervosa and does not occur exclusively during the course of bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa. (DSM-5, 2013).

4. Pica-feeding and eating disorder defined in the DSM-5^th edition of persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances for at least one month.

  Signs & Symptoms:

vPersistent ingestion of non-food intake, for a minimum period of one month.

vDevelopmentally inappropriate

vThe eating behavior is not part of a cultural tradition or socially normative practice.

vClinical severity if the “Pica” occurs in the context of another mental disorder. For example ASD, intellectual disability or a medical condition.

1.Encopresis Disorder-Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places. (DSM-5, 2013)

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2.Enuresis-Repeated urination into beds or clothes.

Protocol: What to do if there’s a concern (Mayo Clinic, 2025).

Avoid dieting around your child

Talk to your child

Encourage and reinforce a health body image

Ask your child’s health care provider for help.

vDziegielewshi, S. (2015). DSM-5 IN ACTION Third Edition. Overview and Treatment Plans For Eating Disorders. (P.538, 542)

vMayo Clinic Diseases and Conditions(2025). Eating Disorders. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER)  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20353603#:~:text=Ask%20your%20child's%20health%20care,questions%20about%20their%20eating%20habits.

vNational Alliance of Eating Disorders (2024). What Exactly Does an Eating Disorder Therapist Do? Gather & Seek

     https://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/what-exactly-does-an-eating-disorder-therapist-      do/#:~:text=Eating%20disorder%20therapists%20wear%20multiple,effectively%20in%20the%20therapeutic%20process.

Solmi, M. Radua, J. (2021). Risk factors for eating disorders: an umbrella review of published meta-nalyses.SciELO  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/xX6RB8dNV5tG6jZGSdXrttK