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      <title>Digitial Portfolio by Rachel Kremer</title>
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      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2022-09-28 15:04:52 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
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         <enclosure url="http://www.pz.harvard.edu/thinking-routines" />
         <pubDate>2022-12-02 19:46:07 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Chapter 1 in Educational Assessment of Students - Section on Assessment and Educational Decisions about Students </title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
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         <pubDate>2022-12-02 19:47:09 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Reflection</title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407102664</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>- Why I chose these artifacts for this section:&nbsp;<br>I chose Harvard's Thinking Routines for this section because because I thought it was amazing how many different thinking routines it offers to teachers to utilize in the classroom with students when doing formative assessement. It provides questions to ask students, the kind of thinking that the routine activates, and application of when and where you can use the routine. It is easy to navigate and find a routine for the particular lesson or goal that you want your students to be achieving. I can implement these routines into my lessons when planning instruction.&nbsp;<br>I chose the Webb's depth of knowledge (DOK) website for this section because it reminds what each level entails, and gives activities to do with students on each level for whichever level of thinking you want your students to utilize at the time.&nbsp;<br>Lastly I chose Chapter 7 in Educational Assessment of Students textbook - Diagnostic Assessment. I chose this for this section because I think that planning diagnostic assessments at the beginning of the school year in extremely important as a teacher to get a grasp of where all of your students are at academically.&nbsp;<br><br>- How I expect to use these items as a classroom teacher:&nbsp;<br>I expect to use Harvard's Thinking Routines as a classroom teacher when planning my instruction. I will use the routines at the beginning and throughout my lessons in order to scaffold and support student learning. I can also use these thinking routines at the end of a lesson when I want children to reflect and come to a conclusion about what they have just learned.&nbsp;<br>I expect to use the Webb's depth of knowledge (DOK) website as a classroom teacher because I think it will be super helpful to be able to look back and remind myself what each DOK level is and what students should be thinking and doing at each level so I can bring my students to a higher level of thinking. It is also helpful because activities provided are really broad so I can apply them to many different concepts for whatever standard I am teaching.&nbsp;<br>I will use Chapter 7 in Educational Assessment of Students textbook - Diagnostic Assessment as a classroom teacher because this chapter explains to me how I can use assessments to identify prerequisite deficits, objectives not mastered, student errors, student knowledge structures, and competencies for solving word problems. It not only explains how I can design diagnostics to get this information, but this information that I will learn from the diagnostic assessments will allow me to plan and design for future assessments; formative and summative.&nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-12-02 19:54:23 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Reflection </title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407108091</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>- Why I chose these artifacts for this section:&nbsp;<br>I chose the section in chapter 1 called "Assessment and Educational Decisions About Students" because when I was reading this section I learned how helpful formative and summative assessments can be for planning instruction for future lessons, and to see if students are understanding the content during the actual lesson itself. I learned a lot in this chapter about how assessments can be used to make educational decisions about where to place students, whether it is a placement decision or a classification decision. I also learned how important Data Driven instruction is.&nbsp;<br>I chose to use a report that I wrote for my math class for this section. I chose this because I did 2 different interviews with a student where I designed the questions for each interview after I got to know the student. I had the student do the questions and I had to interrupt the results of the assessment by looking at the student thinking process that went into the questions and using this data from the first interview, I created a second interview working on skills that I notice my student could use some extra help on. After doing this I wrote a report on my findings of student knowledge after these interviews, interpreted what kind of instruction could further his knowledge and misconceptions, and reported my results to my Cooperating Mentor Teacher in the paper.&nbsp;<br>Lastly, I chose an article that addresses best practices to report grades to students, parents, and the school board. I chose to include this article in this section because I believe that reporting results of student assessment to these different groups is one of the biggest jobs that a teacher has. &nbsp;<br><br>- How I expect to use these items as a classroom teacher:&nbsp;<br>I expect to use the section in chapter 1 called "Assessment and Educational Decisions About Students" because in my future as a teacher I will inevitably have to interpret, use and report results in order to place my students into the correct class or placement in order to maximize their learning experience.&nbsp;<br>I expect to use the report that I wrote about my interpretation of my math interviews with my student and report to my teacher as a reference and guide as a classroom teacher when I need a reminder on how best to look at student work and interpret the student thinking into a measurable way so that I can come up with a plan on how best to further that particular students learning with future instruction.&nbsp;<br>I expect to use the article that speaks on best practices to report grades to students, parents, and the school board when I am actively reporting results to these different groups of people as a classroom teacher. It would be nice to read over the tips the article offers prior to reporting the results so I can do my best to report and communicate the results in the best way possible.&nbsp;<br><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-12-02 20:00:33 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407124386</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://argoprep.com/blog/using-webbs-depth-of-knowledge-dok-to-make-your-class-effective/" />
         <pubDate>2022-12-02 20:19:52 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407133489</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://education.ohio.gov/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/OLS-Graphic-Sections/Learning-Standards" />
         <pubDate>2022-12-02 20:31:51 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Reflection</title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407133692</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>- Why I chose these artifacts for this section:&nbsp;<br>I chose the website for Ohio's state standards for this section because I believe that there is no better place to go when you have any sort of question about the different content areas in each grade, and what is being taught in each content area. It gives you the specific standards you will be teaching.&nbsp;<br>I chose the website that has the K-8 Ohio Learning Progression for Math. I chose that for this section because this website will be very helpful when I am planning my assessments for my math content area. It shows me what each grade is learning and the order they learn it in, and shows me in red what makes each standard different from the next grade.&nbsp;<br>I chose the Mississippi English Language Arts K-12 Progression of the standards for many of the same reasons that I chose the math progression website. Ohio does not have an English Language Arts Progression, but my math teacher this semester who introduced this website to me, told me that Mississippi's standards and Ohio's standards closely align so it can still be used.&nbsp;<br><br>- How I expect to use these items as a classroom teacher:&nbsp;<br>I will use the standards website most likely daily when I am teaching. It will allow me to see what standards I need to teach my students in reading, writing, phonics, math, and even more. Once I know what my students need to know I will know how to assess their learning and what I may need to reteach them from a prior grade if they are not understanding a grade level concept because I can go back to their prior grade to see which standard they may be lagging on.&nbsp;<br>I will use the K-8 Ohio Learning Progression for Math very often when teaching math to my students as a classroom teacher. I can use it to easily check what my students were learning previously, what specific parts of the standards are new to them now, and I can check what specific things will be new in the standards for them next year so I can try my best to prepare the for those as well. I can also more easily pinpoint what standard my students might be struggling with and what I need to reteach them from the grade before by looking at the step by step progression of standards.&nbsp;<br>I will use the Mississippi English Language Arts K-12 Progression of the standards for many of the same reasons I will use the math standard progression. I can check to see what specifically my students may need retaught if there are misconceptions, and I can make sure I am specifically teaching the new part of every standard for the year by checking what is highlighted in the progression.&nbsp;<br><br>- How my thoughts about student-centered classroom assessment changed over this course:&nbsp;<br>My thoughts on student-centered classroom assessment related to content areas has changed over the course of this semester because I have learned how to create different assessments and higher level questions for each content area I am required to teach in my license. I have learned that any type of content question can be of higher order thinking and there are many ways of formatively assessing students in the different content areas. Before, I thought it would be hard to define student learning in math unless you had a physical test to look at, but now I understand I can always be formatively assessing my students thinking and strategies and keeping track of these observations in an organized way. <br><br><br>- How I have grown in this area of classroom assessment:&nbsp;<br>I have grown in my knowledge of content areas because I now know that when I create assessments for the standards in these different content areas I can break down the standard into separate learning objectives in order to make it easier for students to learn that specific content standard. I learned that this is how I can scaffold my students' learning of an individual standards that may be daunting to them, especially if it is in a content area, such as math, that many children may shy away from. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-12-02 20:32:10 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407144777</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/Mathematics/Ohio-s-Learning-Standards-in-Mathematics/Ohio-s-K-8-Learning-Progressions.pdf.aspx?lang=en-US" />
         <pubDate>2022-12-02 20:48:40 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407153748</link>
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         <pubDate>2022-12-02 21:02:19 UTC</pubDate>
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         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
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         <pubDate>2022-12-03 19:58:21 UTC</pubDate>
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         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
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         <enclosure url="http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/methods/assment/as600/" />
         <pubDate>2022-12-03 20:11:37 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407676466</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.edutopia.org/article/using-universal-design-create-better-assessments/" />
         <pubDate>2022-12-03 20:33:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407676466</guid>
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         <title>Reflection </title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407680224</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>&nbsp;- Why I chose these artifacts for this section:&nbsp;<br>I chose the article about Using universal design to create better assessments for this section because I think creating assessments that are fair and reliable for all students is extremely important for us to pay attention to as educators when creating our assessments. We want our assessments to be accurate and concise in order to get a clear and reliable measure of all students thinking.&nbsp;<br>I chose the article that speaks about Differentiated Assessment Strategies for this section because I think that framing assessments differently for different levels of students can more accurately show me student growth. Teachers can strategically select an appropriate assessment tool for each learning situation by using the data that has been gathered, in order for students to most effectively demonstrate their progress.&nbsp;<br>Lastly I chose an article called "How Can We Align Learning Objectives, Instructional Strategies, and Assessments?". I chose this for this section because I think when considering how to frame an assessment, you must keep your learning goals and objectives at the forefront of your mind, to make sure that you frame your assessment in a way in which you are making sure that your students are connecting their learning to the specific goals and standards in the design on your questions.&nbsp;<br><br>- How I expect to use these items as a classroom teacher:&nbsp;<br>I expect to use the article about Using universal design to create better assessments in my class when I am creating my formative and summative assessments. I will use this article to make sure that in my assessments I am using nonbiased topics or ideas that are familiar to all students, literal language so that students understand the meaning of my phrases, make sure I'm not making questions that require background knowledge that some students may not have, and I will make sure to avoid using topics in assessments that can be triggering for some students.&nbsp;<br>I can use the article that speaks about Differentiated Assessment Strategies when I am looking for different kinds of assessments I can give to my students in order to differntiate. I think that it is only fair to differentiate a child's assessment if their instruction has been differentiated. This article gives many great different assessment strategies that I can use to differentiate my students assessment. I will use this when I am thinking how to frame each student's assessment.&nbsp;<br>I can use this article as a classroom teacher when I am framing my assessments. This article can show me how I can make sure that I am aligning my learning objectives/goals to my assessment questions so that I know I am specifically assessing my students on the standard we have been learning about, and not getting off on a tangent that may be connected to the topic, but is not specifically the learning goal that is being assessed.&nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-12-03 20:45:19 UTC</pubDate>
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         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407685583</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.drake.edu/media/collegesschools/soe/documents/edma-cepd/qep/EDMA%20263%20DAS-SyllabusREV2.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2022-12-03 21:02:25 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407689841</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://educationaltechnology.net/how-can-we-align-learning-objectives-instructional-strategies-and-assessments/" />
         <pubDate>2022-12-03 21:16:32 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Chapter 7 in Educational Assessment of Students textbook - Diagnostic Assessment </title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2407693313</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-12-03 21:28:22 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>How my thoughts have grown and changed: </title>
         <author>rachelkremer2019</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rachelkremer2019/yyj9xugj8l8jpk6u/wish/2411456041</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><em>-&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;How have your thoughts about student-centered classroom assessment changed over this course?</em></div><div><em>My thoughts about student-centered classroom assessment have changed over this course, because I know understand how to actually create assessments that are student based and especially how to track these assessments. Previously, I thought that as a classroom teacher, I would just formatively assess students by checking in with them and having conversations throughout the day. I did not think about all of the strategies to formatively assess my students that can give me a more well-rounded view of their learning. More importantly, I learned how to actually track student progress in a way that I can follow their progress and what they are struggling with. This is something that I wasn’t quite sure how to do previously. I learned that I think I would like to keep a binder of messy sheets to track student progress and data I am observing. I hadn’t previously thought of adding a section on my messy sheet to jot down a “next step” for students which will keep me always in a growth mindset for my student’s learning. I also learned to note students who need enrichment and intervention. My mindset on small groups has changed, I used to think I should do ability groups, but now I believe I should do skill-based groups.&nbsp;<br><br><br>-&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;How have you grown in the area of classroom assessment?&nbsp;<br>I had not previously thought that thinking routines could be so impactful as a form of assessment for students. Now I think this would be a great thing to do with elementary students so I can check their learning, and I believe these thinking routines are helpful for them as well to really reflect on what they have just learned and organize their thoughts because I think that can be hard to do for most elementary students.&nbsp;<br>I have grown a lot in my knowledge of how to track student progress. I learned how to track what their goals are, what they are struggling with, what their next step should be, by using things such as messy sheets, google sheets, or google forms. I learned that if you keep this information digitally it is instant and easily organized, and it already looks professional for when your need to show your assessment observations to parents in a conference. This is also helpful to keep track of which students you have and have not met with.&nbsp;</em></div><div><em>&nbsp;I learned a lot about how to create tests that apply to all the different levels of thinking. I now know the different types of questions I can create to get students to think differently and the importance of requiring students to use all levels of thinking, not just high levels, and not just low levels.&nbsp;<br>The concept of validity and reliability of assessments was brand new to me, and I think this was very valuable information for me to learn. I did not ever think much about how a test that I create needs to be valid, and also have reliable information, especially so that I can report student learning to administration and parents.&nbsp;<br>Before this class I had never had to create a rubric or a grading policy, and I think these are both skills that I will need to have and use often in my own classroom. I now understand what goes into a grading policy and how to best communicate it to parents. I now also understand how to create a rubric for a student project and what to look for in students’ work that should be worth more or less points.&nbsp;<br>Something else that I believe that was really valuable that I learned in this class was how to break down standards into more measurable learning goals. I will most likely use this skill daily in my classroom when planning lessons and assessments for my students. It is important to break down the standards so that my students can fully grasp the content instead of trying to teach the whole thing at once, which may overwhelm students and cause them to check out or shut down. I will always remember the metaphor for learning objectives and learning goals; learning objectives are like rungs of a ladder that help you reach the big learning goal (standard). This is necessary to break down learning for students.</em></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-12-07 00:53:14 UTC</pubDate>
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