• The freedmen's bureau was a federal agency.

Why was it created?

• The freedmen's bureau helped formerly enslaved people and poor white people after the civil war had ended.

• The freedmen's bureau was established in order to provide necessities such as food, shelter, clothing, and more to these struggling Southerners.

• Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the United States.

Why was he assassinated?

• John Wilkes Booth, president Lincoln's assassinator, disliked the president's views and wanted confederacy to be put back into place.

What were his policies towards slavery?

• In 1863, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which declared that all slaves in confederate states should be free.

• Lincoln also very strongly supported the 13th amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

• Andrew Johnson was the vice president of the United States. He then became the 17th president of the United States due to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

What were his policies towards Reconstruction?

• A policy of Andrew Johnson during reconstruction was him granting amnesty and returning people's property if they pledge to be loyal to the United States.

• The black codes were laws that were passed in the Southern United States that were meant to limit the rights of African Americans.

Some Outcomes:

• Black codes enforced racial segregation, reduced the power of black voters, and overall restricted black people's rights.

• The 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States.

Effectiveness:

• The 13th Amendment was successful, freeing four million African Americans.

• The KKK (Ku Klux Klan) is a white supremacist, terrorist, and hate organization altogether.

• The Ku Klux Klan was attempting to reverse the progressive Reconstruction activties that were happening in the south, eliminating policies that gave black people more rights.

• The Civil Rights act of 1866 was the first civil rights law in the United States.

What did it represent?

• It set forth the concept in which all people who were born in the country were citizens with full rights.

• During this event, black residents of Memphis, Tennessee, were attacked by a white mob.

Aftermath:

• After the riots were said and done, forty-six black and two white people were killed with seventy five people injured overall.

• The Reconstruction Act of 1867 made former confederate states allow black Americans to vote and participate in the government.

• The acts separated these states into five military districts (excluding Tennessee).

• The Treaty of Annexation of Santo Domingo was an attempted treaty that tried to annex the Dominican Republic as US territory.

• This attempted treaty failed in the end.

• The 14th amendment granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States [which included formerly enslaved people].

Effectiveness:

• Although the 14th Amendment did grant protection, this protection itself was not fully protected or enforced. The 14th Amendment was helpful while also not being totally useful.

• Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th president of the United States

What were his policies towards Reconstruction?

• U.S. Grant worked on using federal power to protect the civil rights of African Americans in the South. He also supported many legislative acts that helped to enhance the federal government's ability to use the military to prevent any more terrorism which was due to the Ku Klux Klan.

• Southern states held new Constitutional Conventions.

• During these times, freedmen (people freed from slavery) participated.

• The 15th Amendment prohibited government and states from denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Effectiveness:

• the 15th amendment effectiveness was successful at eliminating race and color discrimination in voting.

• During this event, an estimated 62-153 black militia men were murdered while surrendering to the Ku Klux Klan.

Significance:

• This event was important because it showed the resistance of racial progress for black people in a dangerous way.

• The plan was developed by white Southern Democrats in order to overthrow the Republican Party.

• They did this by means of organized threats and voter suppression against African American citizens as well as white Republican voters.

• The compromise of 1877 was an unwritten political deal to settle the dispute over the results of the 1876 presidential election.

Aftermath:

• This compromise ended the reconstruction era.