https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd en-us 2023-05-09 03:07:41 UTC 2023-05-18 03:48:05 UTC hello@padlet.com hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595662464 The Christchurch massacre is one that shocked many. On March 15, 2019, a man named Brenton Tarrant entered Al Noor Mosque and the Linwood Islamic Centre and killed 51 people. He broadcasted his heinous acts on Facebook Live, the video has since been taken down as well as other videos taken by bystanders. Brenton also released a manifesto titled ‘The Great Replacement’ which detailed his views on white supremacy, anti-immigration sentiments, and Islamophobia. His manifesto contained extremist ideas and his desire to incite a race war due to its context it has since been removed from the internet. ]]> 2023-05-18 03:27:49 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595662464 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595663700 When it comes to criminological concepts The Christ church massacre is a prime example of Radicalisation as well as performance crime. Radicalization can be defined as “someone being encouraged to develop extreme views or beliefs in support of terrorist groups and activities.” Radicalization has 4 different stages,the first one  being Pre-radical which is when “The person joins or identifies with a group or organization” the second stage being Self-identify This is when “The person believes and accepts the beliefs and views held by the group or organization” and the third being Indoctrination”The person is groomed by the group or organization pulling them further down the pathway” and the last stage is  Terrorism which is when“The person becomes involved in committing terrorist acts” 

Performance crime is as it sounds a crime done in order to get attention or otherwise spread their extremist views. 

]]> 2023-05-18 03:28:43 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595663700 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595665593 The acts Brentant Tarrant committed are prime examples of radicalisation. Starting with his manifesto it shows he was in the second stage of radicalisation whereby he believes and accepts the views of white supremacist groups and xenophobic groups. He then goes on to shoot his victims he carries out his extremist views putting him on stage for radicalisation whereby the person feels the need to act out his terrorist thoughts.]]> 2023-05-18 03:30:09 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595665593 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595666396 As a response to radicalization and performance crime, New Zealand has since chosen to tighten gun laws to ensure that firearms don't get into the wrong hands. The Reuters article details some of the changes which include “prohibiting high-risk firearms” and the length of a firearm license down going from 10 years to 5. In terms of social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter have cracked down on monitoring content that is being posted, as well as warning viewers that the post they are about to see is a sensitive one. New Zeland continues to show it’s seriousness when it comes to cracking down on performance crimes and radicalization by sentencing Phillip Ars to 21 months in prison for posting and sending copies of the live video that was taken by Brentant Tarrant. 


]]> 2023-05-18 03:30:48 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595666396 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595669679 The silk road was a website created on the dark web by Ross Ulbrict, with the main purpose to sell illicit drugs and other illegal products. The name derived from the ancient silk road that linked the western road to the middle east and Asia the route was used to trade between Europe and China. Ross created his site in 2011 and in 2013 he was sentenced to life imprisonment after being charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering, computer hacking, trafficking narcotics and identity theft. In 2017  the site was finally shut down after begin re-made in 2013 and 2015. The youtube video above is a documentary about the Silk road, how it was created and how the bust was made.]]> 2023-05-18 03:33:22 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595669679 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595671214 Online crypto markets can also be known as dark markets. They are websites or marketplaces that facilitate the selling of illegal substances and other illegal products. These dark markets often use cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin as payment to ensure that the buyers remain anonymous. The websites are often encrypted using networks like Tor to ensure that the authorities cannot track down the website as well. There is no specific legislation that addresses crypto markets however The Commonwealth Criminal Code Act 1995 and the Customs Act 1901 indirectly address crypto markets by addressing some of the crimes that are simultaneous with crypto markets these are money laundering, drug offences as well as Australian Securities and Investments Commission now have regulatory guidance for the crypto assets. 

]]> 2023-05-18 03:34:42 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595671214 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595671893 The silk road is one of the most prominent examples of a drug crypto market. It's a case that is known worldwide as it caused a lot of change in how authorities cracked down on crypto markets. The bust on the silk road case gave authorities more insight into how crypto markets are created and run. ]]> 2023-05-18 03:35:19 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595671893 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595673957 As a response to the arrest of Ross Ulbricht and the shutting down of the silk road, in 2014 law enforcement around the world such as ICE, FBI, EUROJUST and  HIS started an operation that they named Onymous. With the main purpose being to expose and stop those using crypto markets to sell and buy illegal substances. Some of the results of this bust were that “410 of the services were taken down 17 vendors and administrators arrested 1 million USD worth in Bitcoins were recovered and 180.000 EUR in cash, drugs and gold and silver.”

]]> 2023-05-18 03:37:03 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595673957 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595675564 The case of Hunter Moore is one that sparked a lot of controversy and conversation. To summarise Hunter Moore created a website ‘isAnyoneup?’. The website was used by users to anonymously post explicit images and videos of others without their consent. In order for the victims to gain access to their images and remove them from the site Hunter would charge them a significant amount. As of June 2015, Hunter Moore was sent to serve 2 years in federal prison after being found guilty of aggravated identity theft and hacking. Although Hunter's actions were unethical and harmful he played a major role when it came to bringing awareness to Image-based abuse. 

]]> 2023-05-18 03:38:28 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595675564 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595677195 Image-based abuse can otherwise be known as revenge porn or non-consensual pornography Is the non-consensual sharing of explicit videos and photos of another person. In a 2017 study done by Esaftey Commissioner Australia it was found that from the ages of 16-49, one in ten Australians had experienced some form of image-based abuse. They also report that thousands of Australian's seek help for image-based abuse yearly. Image-based abuse is a crime that is usually committed by someone close to the victim. The image below is a graph provided by the 2017 study done by Esaftey Commissioner Australia. The graph shows the percentage of those who experienced image base abuse and how close the perpetrator was to the victim.]]> 2023-05-18 03:39:43 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595677195 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595677700 2023-05-18 03:40:07 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595677700 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595678319 There is a direct relation between image-based abuse and Hunter Moores's case as he played a major role in distributing non-consensual explicit images, he did so through his website. His website and what occurred to him later is an example of how imaged-based abuse can affect victims the effects being increased harassment, emotional distress and permanent damage to the victim's reputation. This case is one of the cases that victims received the justice they needed. ]]> 2023-05-18 03:40:35 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595678319 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595679234 This case as said earlier sparked debates and changes worldwide as the greater public started becoming more aware of the effect image-based abuse can leave on victims and their families. Although Hunter Moore's case did not directly cause changes to Australian legislation, there is legislation in Australia that deals with image-based abuse. For example, section 21P of the crimes act states that it is an offence to record an image of someone that can be seen as intimate. Scion 91Q makes it an offence to distribute an intimate image without consent and section 91R makes it an offence to threaten to record and distribute an image of someone without their consent. Globally the main change Hunters case caused was through tech, many social media platforms have stricter policies when it comes to the content that is allowed to be shared. ]]> 2023-05-18 03:41:22 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595679234 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595679925 In 2014 a group of hackers who called them selves the guardians of peace hacked Sony Entertainment. Over time they leaked personal information of employees as well as unreleased footage and sensitive information that Sony was keeping. The Hackers claimed that they hacked in retaliation for Sony not releasing a film called ‘The Interview’. The film was a depiction of a CIA assassin who allegedly tried to kill Kim Jong-un. ]]> 2023-05-18 03:41:55 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595679925 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595680592 Hacking can be described as when an unauthorised person/s gain access to documents and other private information without permission. There are many different types of hacking such as phishing, malware, website hacking as well as password cracking. There are also many different motivations for hacking, there are also different types of hackers, one of them being ethical hackers. These are hackers that have legal authorization to hack. Stereotypical hackers, they often hack with criminal intent and there are the grey hat hackers who hack just for their own findings. 

]]> 2023-05-18 03:42:28 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595680592 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595682177 The 2014 hacking of Sony is a very public and eminent example of hacking and the long-lasting effects of hacking can cause. The hacker exploited the vulnerable state of sony entertainment more specifically the employees of sony entertainment. The motivation and type of the hacker could be described as a stereotypical hacker or a black hat hacker. These hackers have usually criminal intent or have a specific gain from hacking. In this case, it was believed that although their actions were criminal the Group's intentions for hacking were for political gain. ]]> 2023-05-18 03:43:51 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595682177 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595683337 Due to the notority of the hacking the response was almost immediate, there was a call for investigaitons to be done. The FBI investigated and ultimately found the group in North Korea to be responsible.in2015 the FBI issues sanctions to those they believe to be involved. Sony also faced some legal backlash as lawsuits came their way for their lack of security surrounding their employees document. Most of the lawsuits were settled. All in all there was a major change when it came to companies as they cracked down on their security surrounding their databases of information. ]]> 2023-05-18 03:44:47 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595683337 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595684439 The Tinder swindler is a well known documentary on Netflix based off of a real story about the victims of Simon Leviev. Simon Leviev used the well known dating sites such as tinder to find his victims and manipulate them into sending him money. Simon would pose as a wealthy business  man to gain the attention of women once he gained their attentions he would then create a romantic relationship with them in order to manipulate them into sending him money. There has been no legal action taken towards Simon Leviev he is currently a free man living in Israel.]]> 2023-05-18 03:45:43 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595684439 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595685098 Scamming as a whole is when a person devices or tricks another person for their own gain. There are many different types of scamming and fraud, this blog post will focus mainly on romance fraud. Romance fraud otherwise known as sweethear scams is when an individual is tricked into a false romantic relationship with a fraudster. The scammer typically does this for financial gain and will often use fake profiles which include fake information such as their name, date of birth and even fake images. In 2020 it was reported by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission that over 37 million AUD was lost by Australians due to being victims of romance fraud. ]]> 2023-05-18 03:46:15 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595685098 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595685727 The ‘Tinder swindler’ case is a very prominent case that ties in perfectly with romance fraud as it proves that it can happen to anyone. This case also shows that the legal system has some work to do when it comes to protecting individuals from fraudsters such as Simon Leviev and when it comes to having justice served to the victims. This case also proves that there is a lot of grey areas when it comes to whether or not victims of romance scams are truly manipulated or are they just too gullible, Simons case opens up the discussion on how sites such as tinder, bumble and hinge often open up the platform to do more harm than good. ]]> 2023-05-18 03:46:48 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595685727 hazelzirobwa1 https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595687232 The lack of legal response to Simon’s actions is astonishing, especially with all the conversations and the public outcry his actions caused and the amount of media coverage this case has received. As of 2022 an article written by Cosmopolitan report that Simon is being sued by the Leviev family, for reportedly stealing and using their family name causing their reputation to go down. Besides this one lawsuit, there has not been any government intervention. ]]> 2023-05-18 03:48:05 UTC https://padlet.com/hazelzirobwa1/ywtd3wvcjcjvmvqd/wish/2595687232