1. Thesis statement: They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel less nervous about the subject.

Central idea: Studying math.

2. Yes, in the introductory paragraph.

3. The author divides the steps into several paragraphs to make it more organized and easier to understand.

4. Concentration is the first thing that a student should acquire be fore even trying to think about studying math.

5.  Yes, there is a topic sentence for each paragraph.

6. In order to be relaxed to work some of the problems given in the section. 

7. Yes, it is.

8. Yes, the steps are clearly explained and the process is complete.

9. Students, especially the students who have difficulty in learning mathematics.

10. This essay is a directional process explanation.

11. Present tense (study, makes); perfect tense (studying, preparing); past tense (needed, finished).

Tittle: Studying Math

 

Thesis statement: They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel nervous about the subject.

 

1. Concentration

2. Read all sections completely

3. Look at the problems

4. Review section

 

Conclusion:

But if a student follows some of my guidelines, I'm sure that he or she will do well and will like the material.

"Cognitive Development" is an informational process essay. The verb tenses used by author is past and present tenses.

 

1. An informational process about cognitive development.

2. Children’ process of understanding and interpreting the world around them.

3. The first stage of cognitive development, the sensorimotor period.

4. Object permanence is when the infant recognizes that an object continues to exist even when she/he cannot see or touch it. For instance, playing peek-a-boo. When the adult places a blanket over its head, the baby thinks the adult has disappeared forever. But when the baby started on the object permanence stage, he has the ability to think more and try to lay down the blanket to find your face.

5. During the concrete operational period. A child begins to comprehend the concepts of reversibility, compensation, and addition and subtraction. 

6. To inform the readers about cognitive development, so that we can understand our children and ourselves better.

7. Yes, it does.

8. It used present tense with active form.

9. Title: Cognitive Development.

 

Thesis Statement: According to Piaget, just as all children grow and mature physically in the same basic sequence, they also develop cognitively in a process that is the same for all children, regardless of cultural upbringing.

 

1. Sensorimotor Period

2. Preoperational Period

3. Concrete Operational Period

4. Formal Operational Period

 

Thesis Restatement: Children are not miniature adults who reason as adults do; they understand and interpret their environment in terms of their cognitive development.

 

1. What is the thesis? The central idea? 

- They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel nervous about the subject

2. Does the author establish a need for this process? If so, where?

- Yes, in the introductory paragraph

3. Look at the paragraph visions. Why does the author divide up the steps as he does?

- To make the paragraph more organized, so the reader wants to understand the process 

4. What is the controlling idea for paragraph 2?

- Concentration is the first thing that a student should acquire be fore even trying to think about studying math.

5. Is there a topic sentence for each paragraph? If not, is it implied?

- Yes there is a topic sentence for each paragraph

6. Why should you take frequent breaks?

- To be relaxed to work some of the problems given in the section. 

7. Is this essay unified? Coherent?

- Yes this essay is unified and coherent

8. Are the steps clearly explained? Is the process complete? 

- Yes, the steps clearly explained also the process is complete

9. Who is the audience?

- Students, especially they who have difficulty in learning math

10. Is this essay a directional or informational process explanation?

- This essay is a directional process essay

11. What verb tenses are used in this essay? Underline them in the essay.

- Perfect tense ( working, preparing, studying)

Past tense ( prepared, has finished ) 

12. Outline this essay.

Tittle : Studying Math

Thesis statement 

They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel nervous about the subject.

Body paragraph : 

Concentration
Read all sections completely
Look at the problems
Review section

But if a student follows some of my guidelines, I'm sure that he or she will do well and will like the material.

This essay “Cognitive Development” is an informational process essay. The verb tenses used are past and present

1. What kind of process is being analyzed in this essay?

This essay analyzed informational process essay about cognitive development

2. What is the central idea about the process of cognitive development?

Children’s cognitive process understanding an object

3. What is the topic of paragraph 2? 

The first stage of cognitive development, called “the sensorimotor period”

4. What does Piaget mean by object permanence? Can you give another example?

Object permanence is when the infant recognize that an object continues to exist even when she cannot see or touch it. Baby’s favorite food hidden under coconut shell and they will try to found the food

5. During which stage does the child make a lot of progress?

During the concreate operational period from about seven to 11 years old. A child begins to comprehend the concepts of reversibility, compensation, and addition and subtraction.

6. What do you think the writer's purpose is for writing this essay? 

To inform the reader about cognitive development 

7. Does the conclusion logically follow?

Yes, it does

8. What verb tense is used frequently? Is it active or passive?

Verb tense used is present tense with active form

9. Make an outline of this essay.

Title : Cognitive Development 

Introductory paragraph : 

Thesis statement : 

According to Piaget, just as all children grow and mature physically in the same basic sequence, they also develop cognitively in a process that is the same for all children, regardless of cultural upbringing.

1. Sensorimotor Period
 2. Preoperational Period
 3. Concrete Operational Period
 4. Formal Operational Period

Children are not miniature adults who reason as adults do; they understand and interpret their environment in terms of their cognitive development.

EXERCISE 10.12
 
This essay is an informational analysis essay. The author used past and present verb in this essay.

EXERCISE 10.13

1. Cognitive development in children.

2. That children are not born with a cognitive structure.

3. The first stage of development in children in the form of motor sensors.

4. Object permanence is the beginning of the child's awareness that people and object exist independent from him, but this is only the beginning. For example, a baby cries or chews on his hands when he is hungry, because he is aware that an adult will immediately feed him if he does so.

5. It's during the concrete operational period. From about 7 to 11 years old, a child makes great strides in her cognitive development.

6. In my opinion, the author's purpose in writing this essay is to provide knowledge about a child's cognitive development that may be useful for readers, especially parents who already have children.

7. Yes, it does

8. It's used present tense and in an active form

9.
Introductory (Thesis Statement)
According to piaget, just as all children grow and mature physically in the same basiq sequence, they also develop cognitively in a process that is the same for all children regardless of cultural upbringing.

Body developmental
• Sensorimotor period
• Preoperational period
• Concrete operational period
• Formal operational period

Concluding paragraph
Children are not miniature adults who reason as adults do; they understand and interpret their environment in terms of their coginitive development. This is important to realize if we want to understand our children and ourselves better.

1.What is the thesis? The central idea?

Thesis: They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel less nervous about the subject.

Central idea: How students study math easily. 

2. Does the author establish a need for this process? If so, where?

Yes, he does. The author explains the process of how to study math in the second paragraph to the fifth paragraph. 

3. Look at the paragraph divisions. Why does the author divide up the steps as he does?

Because the author wants to the students studying math with less nervous by following steps by him. 

4. What is the controlling idea for paragraph 2? 

Cncentration is the first thing that students need before studying math. 

5. Is there a topic sentence for each paragraph? If not, is it implied?

Yes, there is a topic sentence in each paragraph. 

6. Why should you take frequent breaks? 

Because the frequent breaks make us relaxed to work some of the problems given in the section. 

7. Is this essay unified? Coherent?

Yes, this essay is unified and coherent. 

8. Are the steps clearly explained? Is the process complete?

Yes, the steps are clearly explained and the process is complete. 

9. Who is the audience? 

To the students who have difficulty in studying math. 

10. Is this essay a directional or informational process explanation?

This essay is a directional process explanation, because the author gives directions "how to". 

11. What verb tenses are used in this essay? Underline them in the essay. 

The verb tense that is used in this essay is the simple present tense. It is shown in the third sentence of the first paragraph, "The study of math needs lots of concentration and practice, but it isn't really hard; it just deals with the relationship and symbolism of numbers and magnitudes." 

EXERCISE 10.13 

1. What kind of process is being analyzed in this essay?

 Informational process. 

2.What is the central idea about the process of cognitive development?

How children develop cognitively in a process that is the same for all children, regardless of cultural upbringing. 

3.What is the topic of paragraph 2?

The sensorimotor stage of a child. 

4.What does Piaget mean by object permanence? Can you give another example?

Object permanence is the beginning of the child's awareness that people and objects exist independent from him, but this is only the beginning. The example is if you place a toy under a blanket, the child who has achieved object permanence knows it is there and can actively seek it. 

5. During which stage does the child make a lot of progress?

Concrete operational stage, from 7 to 11 years old. 

6. What do you think the writer's purpose is for writing this essay?

To inform people about cognitive development. 

7. Does the conclusion logically follow?

 Yes, it does. 

8. What verb tense is used frequently? Is it active or passive?

It is passive because the verb is executed by someone or something other than the subject. 

9. Make an outline of this essay.

Introduction

a. Thesis statement: Children develop cognitively in a process that is the same regardless of cultural upbringing. 

Body

a. The sensory-motor period

b. The preoperational period

c. The concrete operational period

d. The formal operational period 

Conclusion

Although not all researchers in cognitive development agree with Piaget's scheme and all of his conclusions, he can be credited for having a tremendous impact on our understanding of how children develop their understanding of the world around them.