Katerina's Christopoulou PlantArea GR by Katerina Christopoulou https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl en-us 2019-03-10 22:35:59 UTC 2023-04-11 21:59:07 UTC hello@padlet.com Introduction xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339753964 I'm Katerina and i live in Athens, Greece. My PlantArea is Attica with a main focus on mountain Hymettos. Greece belongs to the Mediterranean basin plant diversity hotspot. For more information about Athens and Mt Hymettos please visit my BioArea: ]]> 2019-03-10 22:50:54 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339753964 Mountain Hymettos xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339858392 Mountain Hymettos is the closest mountain to the centre of Athens and is located in the Prefecture of Attiki. In relation to its surface area, has a large variety of plant taxa that number over 600. Physiognomically, its vegetation can be distinguished into forests of Pinus halepensis and P.
brutia, degraded oaks ( Quercus coccifera), phrygana, Q. coccifera, and
agricultural areas.]]> 2019-03-11 09:47:24 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339858392 National Park of Schinias -Marathon xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339868297 The National Park of Schinias – Marathon lies in the northeast of Attica, approximately 40km from the center of Athens. The National Park constitutes a landscape of 13.840 acres, which includes also the marine area, and consists of the wetland, the Cynosoura penisnsula, the Drakonera hill, the Aleppo-pine forest, the area of the Makaria spring, the Marathon bay and the Olympic Rowing Center
http://filotis.itia.ntua.gr/biotopes/c/GR3000003/

_Photo:_{https://www.bio-e.org/lib/schinias-marathon-national-park}]]> 2019-03-11 10:20:45 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339868297 Flora xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339869561 The area of Schinias presents a wide variety of vegetation which reflects the varying soil and aqueous conditions.

Vegetation is classified into four sections: the vegetation of sandy beaches, wetlands vegetation, forest pine (P. pinea) and Aleppo pine (P. halepensis) and scrub areas.

^{Posidonia oceanica}]]> 2019-03-11 10:25:41 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339869561 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339871727

Along the beach in a very thin zone develops vegetation of ammophilous and ammonitrophilous species. The main species found in this zone are: Elymus farctus, Sporolobus pungens, Eryngium maritimum, Medicago marina, Pseudorlaya pumila, Medicago litoralis, Mathiola tricuspidata, Allium phalareum, Cakile maritime, Anthemis peregrine, Bromus rigidus, Erodium malacoides, Echium arenarium.

The vegetation of wetlands extending north and northeast of the pine forest. This area is flooded most of the time by water, while during the summer is dried. As far as concerns the halophytic vegetation the species that occur mainly are: Salicornietum fruticosae and secondarily the Juncetum maritimi, the Junceum acuti and Salicornietum radicantis.

The forest pine (P. pinea) and Aleppo pine (P. halepensis) occupies a band width of 450 meters and a length of about 3 km along the coast.

Of the most frequently occurring species in the herbaceous vegetation are Piptatherum miliaceum, Brachypodium retusum, Linum maritimum, Muscari commosum, Cynosurus echinatus, Silene colorata, Lagurus ovatus, Seriole aethensis, Briza media, Euphorbia peploides, Bromus rubens, Saligeria cretica, Vicia dasycarpa, Phagnalon graecum, Crucianella latifolia, Brassica turnefortii, Hordeum murinum, Plantago lagopus, Erodium malacoides.

Source:

]]> 2019-03-11 10:33:52 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339871727 Flora of Kaisariani's Aesthetic Forest xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339886736 The flora of Aesthetic Forest consists of the following plant species which were used during reforestation efforts from the Philodassiki and the Ministry of Agricultural affairs.

Pinus brutia Ten. (Calabrian pine)
Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine)
Pinus pinea L. (Umbrella pine)
Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis L. (Funeral cypress spreading form)
Cupressus sempervirens var. pyramidalis L. (Funeral cypress columnar form)
Cercis siliquastrum L. (Judas tree)
Quercus pubescens Willd. (Oak)
Quercus ilex L. (Holm or Evergreen oak)
Ceratonia siliqua L. (Carob tree)
Cupressus arizonica var. glabra Greene (Cypress from Arizona)
Quercus coccifera (kermes oak)
Olea oleaster (wild olive tree)

https://www.philodassiki.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=114&Itemid=141&lang=en

]]> 2019-03-11 11:33:36 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339886736 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339887029 Life-form and chorological spectra of the vegetation units

of Mount Hymettus.

]]> 2019-03-11 11:34:34 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339887029 Mountain Parnitha xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339891877

The mount Parnitha is the highest mountain of Attica (1.413 m) and has one of the densest forests in Greece. In its forests what dominates is the fir tree - Abies Cephalonica at an altitude of 800-900m. Besides that, there are hollies - Quercus coccifera, oaks, arbutus and cedars- Juniperus oxycedrus, while at more wet grounds Osrtya carpinifolia, planes, poplars and Populus alba can be found. Mediterranean maquis is also abuntant.

_{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parnitha}

]]> 2019-03-11 11:49:21 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339891877 Flora xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339895925 Parnitha’s flora is one of the richest throughout Greece.
More specifically, 1100 types of plants grow on Parnitha out of the 6000 different species that exist in Greece. The two endemic species of Parnitha are a species of wild carnation (Dianthus serratifolius) and kabanoula (Campanula Celsii).

http://www.parnitha-np.gr/rare-threatened_species.htm

https://filotis.itia.ntua.gr/biotopes/c/GR3000001/

_{Fritillaria obliqua}

Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, native to the Mediterranean region. Can be found in mountain Hymettos.

The name "rosemary" derives from the Latin for "dew" (ros) and "sea" (marinus), or "dew of the sea", and indeed Rosemary can tolerate maritime exposure. The plant is also sometimes called anthos, from the ancient Greek word ἄνθος, meaning "flower". The name of the genus was applied by the 18th-century naturalist and founding taxonomist Carl Linnaeus.
Forms range from upright to trailing. The upright forms can reach 1.5 m tall, rarely 2 m .The leaves are evergreen, 2–4 cm long and 2–5 mm broad, green above, and white below, with dense, short, woolly hair. Flowers are white, pink, purple or deep blue. Has a fibrous root system.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary
_{image, source:}_{https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Rosmarinus+officinalis}

]]> 2019-03-11 15:06:25 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/339997946 Usage xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/340430763 Rosemary is used as a decorative plant in gardens where it may have pest control effects. The leaves are used to flavor various foods, such as stuffing and roast meats.
Rosemary contains a number of phytochemicals, including rosmarinic acid, camphor, caffeic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, carnosic acid, and carnosol.
Rosemary essential oil contains 10–20% camphor.

Rosemary was traditionally used as a medicinal plant. Nowadays some research has taken place, but there are no strong evidence for its therapeutic properties. Further research is needed.

The possible health benefits are:

Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds which are thought to help boost the immune system and improve blood circulation.
Improving digestion
Enhancing memory and concentration. According to research outlined in Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, the aroma from rosemary can improve a person's concentration, performance, speed, and accuracy.
Neurological protection. Rosemary contains an ingredient called carnosic acid, which can fight off damage by free radicals in the brain.
Preservative activites in foods

Side effects
Rosemary is usually safe when taken in low doses. However, extremely large doses can trigger serious side effects, although this is rare.

Side effects include: vomiting, spasms, coma, pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs).
High doses of rosemary may cause miscarriage, therefore it is not advisable for pregnant women to take any supplemental rosemary.
Products containing rosemary oil may cause erythema (redness) of the skin. Caution needed if there are allergies.
Rosemary can affect the activity of some medications.

]]> 2019-03-12 14:24:14 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/340430763 Papers and articles references xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/340479776 Medicinal news today article: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/266370.php
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Rosemary for the use as food preservative: https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/5/3/98/htm

The Therapeutic Potential of Rosemary Diterpenes for Alzheimer's Disease: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4749867/

Cognitive performance following exposure to rosemary essential oil aroma: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736918/

Rosemarine as cause of contact dermatitis: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301054613001547

The Laurel is an evergreen shrub or small tree, variable in size and sometimes reaching 7–18 m tall. It is native to Mediterranean region. Can be found in mountain Hymettos.

The Bay Laurel is dioecious (unisexual), with male and female flowers on separate plants. Each flower is pale yellow-green, about 1 cm diameter, and they are borne in pairs beside a leaf. The leaves are glabrous, 6–12 cm long and 2–4 cm broad, with an entire (untoothed) margin. On some leaves the margin undulates. The fruit is a small, shiny black berry-like drupe about 1 cm long that contains one seed.

source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurus_nobilis

_picture:_{https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Laurus+nobilis}

]]> 2019-03-13 23:00:11 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/341112012 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/341119156 Bay laurel's Greek vernacular name is Daphne, which is the name of a nymph in greek mythology.
In Ancient Greece Bay laurel was used to fashion the laurel wreath , a symbol of highest status, that was also given as the prize at the Pythian Games.

Apollo and Daphne
by John William Waterhouse, 1908]]> 2019-03-13 23:47:09 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/341119156 Usage xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/341120769 Whole bay leaves are used almost exclusively as flavor agents during the food preparation stage, especially in Mediterranean cuisine.
Is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.
Traditionally it was used in herbal medicine.
Nowadays some research has been done, but there are not sufficient evidence for its medicinal properties. Further research is required.

The most abundant component found in laurel essential oil is 1,8-cineole, also called eucalyptol.

Its essential oils seems to have atimicrobial and antifungal activities. There are possible effects on the central nervous system.

There are insufficient evidence that bay laurel helps to :

control diabetes ,additionally to medication
reduce dandruff when applied to the skin
reduce joint and muscle pain (rheumatism), when applied to the skin
speed wound healing
optimize digestion
alleviate respiratory issues

Side effects

Taking large portions of essential oils and leafs is not considered safe.
Taking the whole, intact leaf by mouth is likely unsafe since it can’t be digested.
There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking bay leaf in pregnancy or breast-feeding.
Bay leaf might interfere with blood sugar control
Might slow down the central nervous system.
It can interact with medications.

sources: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-685/bay-leaf

https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/herbs-and-spices/bay-leaves.html

]]> 2019-03-13 23:56:02 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/341120769 Papers and articles references xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/341125919 Composition of Essential Oil and Its Biological Activities: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317339590_Laurus_nobilis_Composition_of_Essential_Oil_and_Its_Biological_Activities

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Laurus nobilis L. Essential Oils : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331294456_Chemical_Composition_and_Antimicrobial_Activityof_Laurus_nobilis_L_Essential_Oils_from_Bulgaria

]]> 2019-03-14 00:24:43 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/341125919 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343118844 Greece lies in the Mediterranean biogeographical region, with ecosystems ranging from semi-desert and maquis, to cold climate mountain forests of birch, scots pine and spruce.

Wetlands (rivers, estuaties, deltas, lagoons, shallow lakes, shallow marine formations, and marshes) cover a relatively wide area (210.000 hectares) and forests cover nearly 30% of the country's territory.
About two-thirds of the Greek territory is covered by a hilly or mountainous terrain, with the typical landscape being rugged and steep. The highest mountain peak is Mytikas in Mt Olympus (2,919 m).

Greece has a very extensive coastline of about 15,000 kilometres and about 3,000 islands, which represent 20% of the land area. The coastline is mainly rocky and sandy with about 5% wetlands.

Western Greece contains a number of lakes and wetlands and is dominated by the Pindus mountain range.
Northeastern Greece features another high-altitude mountain range, the Rhodope range.
The island of Crete is located at the southern part of the country.

Greece has three different types of climate: a Mediterranean (mild, wet winders and hot dry summers), an Alpine (Western-North Greece), and a temperate climate with cold, damp winters and hot, dry summers.

The flora of Greece is composed of Mediterranean, Central European and Irano-caspian elements. Over 6,000 plant species have been recorded so far. There is a large number of endemic species relative to the size of Greece, due to the isolation of the numerous mountains and islands.

Sources: http://www.ypeka.gr/Default.aspx?tabid=235&locale=en-US&language=el-GR

http://195.134.76.37/scinews/Reports/Rep_Env_problems2000-10.htm

_{image :}_{http://www.greek-islands.us/map-greece/}]]> 2019-03-19 23:33:17 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343118844 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343125057
Greece - State of the Environment Report 2018

]]> 2019-03-20 00:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343125057 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343129659 Mount Hymettos is located at the eastern side of the Athens Basin and has a total area of 81,230 acres.
The flora of the mountain includes about 650 taxonomic units (species, subspecies) of which 54 are endemic in Greece.

Key environmental stress factors for plants

Hymettos has Mediterranean climate (dry and warm summer and mild and rainy winter).

Plants have to be tolerant in high temperatures in the summer and rare rainfalls even in the winter. Droughts and heatwaves have been recorded.

Wildfires are also critical for the plants growth and survival. Plants that grow faster after a wildfire can be benefited.

Air - water pollution and bad quality of the soil, due to the proximity to the city are also some stress factors.
Parasites, like pine processionary caterpillar, are harmful for some plants too.

]]> 2019-03-20 00:41:21 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343129659 5 plants on Red List of Greece xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343698156 The following plants are endemics of Greece. They are included on the Red Data Book of Rare and Threatened Plants of Greece (1996, 2009) and some of them (4,5) on the IUCN Red list.

They can be found in Mt Hymettos, Mt Parnitha and Schinias-Marathonas National Park.

1. Asperulla Baenitzi (EN)
2. Sideritis raeseri Boiss. and Heldr. subsp. attica (VU)
3. Consolida tenuissima(Sm.) Soo (VU)
4. Fritillaria obliqua Ker-Gawler ssp. οbliqua (NT)
5. Ophrys argolica sub argolica (NT)

*This column is part of the group work assignment. For more information please follow the link.
Group work assignment: https://padlet.com/gscontact/fzb6ajrapxfg]]> 2019-03-21 10:43:42 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343698156 1. Asperulla Baenitzi Heldr. ex Boiss. xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343698762 Endemic of Attica region.
Location: Mt Parnitha, Mt Pateras, Mt Aigaleo.
Threats

Military infrastructure, antennas, roads, wildfires.
Wildfires should be considered a serious threat. It is unknown if Aspecula baenitzii has mechanisms to overcome damage from wildfires.

Protection

Presidential Decree 67/1981
Natura 2000 legal framework is applied: Only activities of scientific research, recreation and environmental education are allowed.

_{http://floraattica.blogspot.com/2018/02/asperula-baenitzi.html}

]]> 2019-03-21 10:45:44 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343698762 2. Sideritis raeseri Boiss. and Heldr. subsp. attica (VU) xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343698804 Endemic of Greece.
Location: Parnitha, Pateras, Kithaironas.
Threats

Military and communications facilities.
Recreational activities.
Plant collecting from individuals (for tea making).
Overgrazing and wildfires are possible threats.

Protection

Natura 2000
Authors of the report at Red Data Book of Rare and Threatened Plants of Greece (2009) propose: Reinforcement of environmental awareness and scientific research. Meticulous planning when roads construction is needed. Fencing and ex situ conservation and cultivation if the demand as an aromatic herbal is high.

_{http://floraattica.blogspot.com/2018/03/sideritis-raeseri-subsp-attica.html}

]]> 2019-03-21 10:45:54 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343698804 3. Consolida tenuissima(Sm.) Soo (VU) xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343698886 Endemic of Greece.
Location: Hymettos, Parnitha, Penteli, Pateras.
Threats

Residential constructions (Mt Hymettos).
Recreational activities.

Protection

Natura 2000 Network.
In the last decade there are restrictions in construction. The author proposes strict enforcement of the existing legal framework (RDB-2009)

_{http://floraattica.blogspot.com/2013/05/consolida-tenuissima.html}

]]> 2019-03-21 10:46:10 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343698886 4. Fritillaria obliqua Ker-Gawler ssp. οbliqua (NT) xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343698962 Endemic of Attica, Evia.
Location: Schinias Marathina, Penteli, Parnitha, Merenta-Markopoulos, Evia.
Enangered on Europe's IUCN Red List
Threats

Infrastructure
Recreational activities
Plant collection from individuals

Protection

Is included in IUCN Redlist catalogues
Precidential Decrees for the protection of Greek flora
Natura 2000
Further scientific research is needed in order to record all of the populations.

_{http://floraattica.blogspot.com/2014/03/fritillaria-obliqua.html}

]]> 2019-03-21 10:46:25 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343698962 5. Ophrys argolica sub. argolica (NT) xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343699059 Location: Peloponesse, Taygetus, Hymettos.
Vulnerable on IUCN Red List.
Threats

Urbanisation
Construction work
Residential building
Tourism activities
The use of herbicides and pesticides affects the species indirectly

Protection

Natura 2000
Presidential Drecree of 67/1981
Second Appendix of CITES about trafficing of wildlife

_{http://floraattica.blogspot.com/2016/06/ophrys-argolica.html}

]]> 2019-03-21 10:46:48 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343699059 In conclusion xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343699147 The main threats for the described plants are :

Construction works (roads, residencies)
Wildfires
Recreational and tourism activities
Plant collection and overgrazing

Actions for protection

Not specific plans for each species. More scientific data is required.
Management organisations (responsible for environmental education, monitoring etc)
Natura 2000 Network
Presidential Decrees
CITES
Scientific research

Please take into account that my reference for the status of the first three species is The Red Data Book of Rare and Threatened Plants of Greece, published in 2009. Likely some populations have increased.
These species are endemic and can be found only in few areas that have intense human activity. So, their protection and monitoring is still important.

]]> 2019-03-21 10:47:11 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343699147 References xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343699198 Publication Committee: D. Phoitos - T. Konstantinidis - G. Kamari. Hellenic Botanical Society. Red Data Book of Rare and Threatened Plants of Greece (2009), Greek version:

http://www.hbs.gr/en/activities/publications/24-1

Fritillaria obliqua Ker Gawl. IUCN status: https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/Fritillaria%20obliqua#threat_status

Amateur's blog for Greek flora. Fritillaria obliqua:
http://florahellenica.blogspot.com/2011/10/fritillaria-obliqua.html
Ophrys Argolica IUCN status:
https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/162112/5541120
Amateur's blog for Greek flora. Orphys Argolica: https://www.greekflora.gr/el/flowers/1469/Ophrys-argolica
Vascular plants of Greece: An annotated checklist (Dimopoulos & al. 2013), http://portal.cybertaxonomy.org/flora-greece/intro, accessed 22/3/2019

NATURA 2000 Dataforms for Schinia-Marathona National Park, Parnitha, Hymettos:
http://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=GR3000003

http://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=GR3000001

http://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/Natura2000/SDF.aspx?site=GR3000006

]]> 2019-03-21 10:47:24 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343699198 Alexander von Humboldt xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343751827 Alexander von Humboldt was a prominent Prussian polymath, naturalist and explorer of the 18th -19th century (1769-1859).

Humboldt's quantitative work on botanical geography and his advocacy for long-term systematic geophysical measurements laid the foundations for the fields of biogeography modern geomagnetic and meteorological monitoring. His work on the propagation of seismic waves also became the basis of modern seismology.
He was the first person to describe the phenomenon and cause of human-induced climate change, based on observations generated during his travels.]]> 2019-03-21 12:54:25 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343751827 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343800758 Cosmos, his famous work, was an influential treatise on science and nature, based on his observations from his explorations in South America and Asia.
Cosmos had a great influence to scientists, laymen and artists of 19th century. Not only for its scientific recordings but also for the attempt to describe the world by unifying science, nature and humankind.
For the same reasons is still considered a work of significant value.

Passage from Wikipedia's article:

Humboldt's basic purpose is outlined in the introduction to the first volume of Cosmos:

"The most important aim of all physical science is this: to recognize unity in diversity, to comprehend all the single aspects as revealed by the discoveries of the last epochs, to judge single phenomena separately without surrendering their bulk, and to grasp Nature's essence under the cover of outer appearances."

_{Animated video about Alexander von Humboldt}

]]> 2019-03-21 14:14:40 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343800758 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343803030 Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos_(Humboldt)]]> 2019-03-21 14:18:16 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343803030 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343817876 In the Andes, the longest continental mountain range in the world, located in south America, tree species are ‘on the run’, trying to move to ground of higher altitude. They are shifting roughly 2.5 to 3.5 vertical meters a year on average, but in fact they need to migrate more than 20 vertical feet a year!

I believe the right answer is:
2. Tropical Andean trees migrate to higher altitudes where the air is cool enough to support their existence. Due to the fast climatic change they have to move faster in order to remain in equilibrium with their preferred temperatures.]]> 2019-03-21 14:40:24 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343817876 The Climate of Greece xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343892583 The climate in Greece is typical of the Mediterranean climate, which is mild and rainy winters, relatively warm and dry summers with, generally, long sunshine duration almost all the year. A great variety of climate subtypes, always in the Mediterranean climate frame, are encountered in several regions of Greece. This is due to the influence of topography (great mountain chains along the central part and other mountainous bodies) on the air coming from the moisture sources of the central Mediterranean Sea.

The mean annual average temperature ranges between less than 8°C up to 19.8 °C. The lowest values occur mainly at the mountain peaks of northern Greece and the highest at the southernmost coastal areas of Crete and at the Athens basin.

The mean annual precipitation amount ranges from less than 300 mm in the Cyclades, up to more than 2 000 mm, mainly in Pindos.
http://climatlas.hnms.gr/sdi/?lang=EN

http://www.hnms.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology?]]> 2019-03-21 16:47:00 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343892583 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343899248 Annual mean temperature in Attica region]]> 2019-03-21 16:59:09 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343899248 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343916360 In the last decades the average
temperature in Greece seems to be increasing.]]> 2019-03-21 17:27:51 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343916360 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343930085 Precipitation rates in Athens seem to be slightly decreased from 1986 to 2000. ]]> 2019-03-21 17:51:37 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343930085 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343937900 Mean temperature in Athens was increased from 1990-2000

]]> 2019-03-21 18:03:56 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343937900 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343938283 Mean annual sunshine in Athens]]> 2019-03-21 18:04:36 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343938283 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343938516 Minimum average temperature in winter-Greece]]> 2019-03-21 18:05:01 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343938516 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343938873 Maximum average temperature in summer-Greece]]> 2019-03-21 18:05:38 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343938873 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343939009 Number of dry days- Greece]]> 2019-03-21 18:05:56 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343939009 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343939136 Numbers of days with extreme fire risk-Greece]]> 2019-03-21 18:06:10 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343939136 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343943804 Extreme weather conditions such as droughts, heavy rainfalls and heatwaves have been recorded in the last years.

Source: http://www.hnms.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology_extreme?]]> 2019-03-21 18:14:31 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343943804 Sources xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343947981 http://www.hnms.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology?

https://www.dianeosis.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/climate_change10.pdf

http://www.oikoskopio.gr/map/index.php?lng=en-US

]]> 2019-03-21 18:21:41 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/343947981 Application of conservation measures xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/344045804 In my opinion it is imperative to reinforce the practical application of some conservation
measures.
Mt Hymettos

Strict measures must be taken for the illegal building construction and the protection from wildfires.
Expansion of the zones of absolute protection would be beneficial for the ecosystem.
Strict control of road constructions, communication and military, infrastructure.
Restriction or prohibition of agricultural activities.
2017- 2018 hunting prohibition should be continue, if necessary.
Public awareness in order to improve visitors's behavior (garbage, plant collection etc)

Mt Parnitha

Strict control of road constructions, communication and military infrastructure.
Strict measures must be taken for the illegal building construction and and the protection from wildfires.
Public awareness (garbage, plant collection)

Schinias- Marathonas National park

Reinforcement of wildfire protection system.
Public awareness for improvement of visitors's behavior (garbage, plant collection), especially alongshore
Expansion of the zones of absolute protection would be beneficial for the ecosystem.

In all three areas

More educational projects are needed.
Urgent need for in regular basis data collection, in-depth comprehensive environmental studies and monitoring of rare, endemic and threatened species.

]]> 2019-03-22 00:41:56 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/344045804 2 alcoholic drinks xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345457853 1. Agiorgitiko is a red Greek wine grape variety cultivated in Athens and other regions of Greece. In 2012, was the most widely planted variety in Greece.
Vitis vinifera is its plant source material, which can also be found in Mt Hymettos.

Savatiano is a white Greek wine grape variety cultivated in Athens, close to mountain Hymettos (e.g. Pikermi). It is used primary in the wine Retsina.

https://www.wine-searcher.com/regions-attica
_source:_{https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Agiorgitiko}

]]> 2019-03-26 20:34:18 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345457853 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345468393 2. Liqueur pomegranate

Plant source material is the fruits Punica granatum, which can be found in Attica region.
Also liqueur krana and lemon are quite popular.

Recipes
https://www.argiro.gr/recipe/liker-rodi/]]> 2019-03-26 21:14:21 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345468393 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345476910 2019-03-26 21:52:31 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345476910 Species decorated during Christmas xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345477471 1. Trees of genus Abies

2. Viscum album-European mistletoe

3. Euphorbia pulcherrima- poinsettia

]]> 2019-03-26 21:55:23 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345477471 2 groups of food plants xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345480823 1. Legumes- Lentil Soup
2. Vine leafs- Greek dolmades]]> 2019-03-26 22:13:50 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345480823 2 common spices xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345484328 1. Oregano- Origanum vulgare
2. Thyme- Thymus atticus

Oregano:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregano]]> 2019-03-26 22:33:01 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345484328 Theophrastus xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345486235 Theophrastus was a Greek native of Eresos in Lesvos ( 371 – 287 BC).
He is often considered the father of botany for his works on plants. His two surviving botanical works, Enquiry into Plants (Historia Plantarum) and On the Causes of Plants, were an important influence on Renaissance science and constitute the most important contribution to botanical science during antiquity and the Middle Ages.

In the Enquiry into Plants, Theophrastus described plants by their uses, and attempted a biological classification based on how plants reproduced.
His treatise On the Causes of Plants concerns the growth of plants, the influences on their fecundity etc. Also describes the smells, tastes, and properties of many types of plants. The work deals mainly with the economical uses of plants.
Among other things Theophrastus detected the process of germination and realized the importance of climate and soil to plants.

Nowadays his work is considered important since it includes the first valuable observations concerning the functions and properties of plants and one of the first systems of plant classification.

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophrastus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Plantarum_(Theophrastus)#Reception]]> 2019-03-26 22:44:15 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/345486235 Theme 4- Step 1 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346765453 The threat of climate change and the knowledge that it is related to CO₂ emissions from fossil fuels has led scientists to look for alternatives for our energy needs, that is in the cultivation of biofuel crops.
I believe that

We are still strongly depended on fossil fuels and only the developed countries of the world have the technology and therefore the luxury of using green energy.
Replacing fossil fuels with biofuels is highly controversial since it solves one problem but creates new ones.

]]> 2019-03-30 11:35:33 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346765453 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346827354 Actions from a local volunteer organization could have a positive impact on the protection of the mentioned areas. This could happen through the following steps :
1. Collect scientific data, in order to understand witch areas, plants, need protection.
2. Set specific goals, strategy plans ( if needed for individual plant species, e.g. in situ, ex situ propagation).
3. Increase environmental awareness. Run educational projects at schools, at the field, events at the city center. E.g. Planting trees, cleaning of areas, awareness for wildfires.
4. Engage individuals. Weekly events- gathering activities, such as hiking, excursions, movie nights, presentations with environmental and cultural subject, recreational activities (such as climbing, slacklining), collaborative cooking etc., could improve the team spirit.
5. Should have a legal department. Monitoring on the application of the legal framework. Apply pressure and objections when needed.
6. Demand for more scientific research and the creation or improvement of digital plantbanks.
7. Create fund raising campaigns for the realization of the mentioned goals.

All of the above should happen in collaboration with museums, botanical gardens, universities, Ngo's and other environmental organizations.]]> 2019-03-30 22:00:23 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346827354 Main focus xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346831105 The organization should focus on:

The collaboration with other environmental groups
The engagement of individuals. With ultimate goal the understanding of natural word and the threats that is facing. This could possibly lead to a long term positive change of citizens's every day attitude
Community spirit and team work
Education, scientific approach

]]> 2019-03-30 23:01:01 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346831105 Ideas for nature exploration:) xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346835267 Foldscope, exploration of the microcosmos.]]> 2019-03-31 00:11:55 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346835267 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346835639 You can make your own 3d model of your favourite plant.

https://sketchfab.com/models/categories/nature-plants]]> 2019-03-31 00:19:12 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346835639 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346836351 Citizen science
https://mashable.com/2016/08/12/citizen-science-wildlife-nature/?europe=true#xWAnIvHCymqu

]]> 2019-03-31 00:29:27 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346836351 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346837405 There are similarities with other Mediterranean countries such as Portugal, as far as concerns the types of habitats and plant species.

There are different threats for different countries. E.g. Water pollution and change of the water level in Belgium.

Business plans of some plantareas also focus on education and citizen engagement.]]> 2019-03-31 00:46:26 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346837405 Thank you for reading :) xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346837457 Feel free to leave your comments and suggestions.

_{Photo: Mt Hymettos}]]> 2019-03-31 00:46:45 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346837457 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346837730 _{View from Nymphs's hill in Athens}]]> 2019-03-31 00:51:32 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346837730 xriskate https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346838170 Greek folk music, Dodecanese]]> 2019-03-31 00:58:59 UTC https://padlet.com/xriskate/yuw68gsczndl/wish/346838170