Lakisha Kennedy PSYCH 1 by Tyler Tokar https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w en-us 2023-04-26 02:29:20 UTC 2023-05-25 06:51:08 UTC hello@padlet.com 3303126292tt https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604386756 2023-05-25 06:22:53 UTC https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604386756 nit 7 Diss.Multiple intelligence inventory1.*22.*23.*44.*35.*46.*2Total bodyKinesthetic = 17Total Musical=191.*42.*33.*44.*35.*36.*2Total visual spatial=191.*32.*33.*44.*35.*26.*4Total Interpersonal=161.*32.*23*24.*35.*36.*3 Total verbal linguistic=131.*22.*23.*24.*15.*36.*3Total Interpersonal=141.*22.*23.*34.*25.*26.*2Total Logical Math=181.*22.*33.*34.*45.*36.*3Total Naturalistic=151.*32.*23.*34.*25.*26.*3 The Multiple Intelligence Theory developed by Howard Gardner suggests that there are a variety of ways in which people are intelligent, such as linguistically, spatially, or musically. 3303126292tt https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604395319 2023-05-25 06:29:45 UTC https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604395319 Day 1: August 1stToday, I noticed that whenever I am bored, I tend to turn to snacking as a source ofentertainment. I am aware that this is a habit that I would like to change. I am planning toimplement the principles of operant conditioning to modify this behavior by rewarding myselfwith an episode of my favorite TV show only after I have completed one hour of physical activity.Day 2: August 2ndI woke up feeling extremely groggy and sluggish today, which usually results in me hitting thesnooze button multiple times and getting late. To change this behavior, I will be using a principleof classical conditioning known as the “Pavlovian response.” I will set my phone alarm to playmy favorite energetic song, so it becomes a conditioned stimulus to the response of waking upand not hitting snooze.Day 3: August 3rdI noticed that I have a habit of biting my nails whenever I feel anxious or stressed. To modifythis habit, I will be practicing the principle of classical conditioning by replacing nail-biting withanother non-destructive behavior, such as playing with a stress ball every time I feel anxious.Day 4: August 4thI tend to procrastinate when it comes to completing my work assignments. To modify thisbehavior, I am going to use a principle of operant conditioning, which is rewarding myself everytime I complete a task. I will be using a points system where I earn points for each completedassignment, and once I have accumulated enough points, I will reward myself with a treat.Day 5: August 5thToday, I realized that I have a tendency to use negative self-talk whenever things do not goas planned. To modify this behavior, I will be using the principle of operant conditioning byreplacing negative self-talk with positive affirmations. Whenever I catch myself indulging innegative self-talk, I will say out loud three positive affirmations to counteract them.Day 6: August 6thI have a habit of checking my phone first thing in the morning before doing anythingproductive. To modify this behavior, I am planning to use the principle of classical conditioningby placing my phone in another room while I sleep, so I don't have easy access to it in themorning, and I will reward myself with a cup of my favorite coffee every time I don’t check myphone first thing in the morning.Day 7: August 7thI have noticed that I have a habit of slouching and sitting awkwardly which can cause backproblems in the future. To modify this behavior, I will use the principle of operant conditioning bysetting reminders every 30 minutes throughout the day to sit up straight properly.Day 8: August 8thI have a habit of biting my lips whenever I am nervous or preoccupied with something. Tomodify this behavior, I will use classical conditioning by replacing the habit with taking deepbreaths, a response that I will condition myself to associate with feeling calm and serene.Day 9: August 9thI have a habit of getting distracted while studying or working, resulting in poor productivity. Tomodify this behavior, I will use a principle of operant conditioning, where I will set timers forevery 20 minutes to do a quick stretch, walk, or any form of physical activity, therebyconditioning myself to look forward to short bursts of physical activity instead of gettingdistracted.Day 10: August 10thToday, I realized that I have a habit of keeping my phone notifications on throughout the day,which continuously distracts me from my work. To modify this behavior, I will use the principle ofoperant conditioning by muting or keeping my phone notifications off during specific periods ofthe day when I need to be productive, thereby conditioning myself to associate those hours withfocus and productivity.EssayFor my behavior project, I chose to modify my habit of procrastinating by implementingprinciples of operant conditioning. I was aware that I tend to put off tasks until the last minute,resulting in high levels of stress and decreased productivity. I decided to take charge and modifymy behavior by implementing a reward system.To execute my project, I first identified the specific tasks that I tend to procrastinate on, suchas studying for exams or completing assignments. I then created a point system where I couldearn points for completing these tasks within specified time frames. For example, if I completedan assignment within a day of receiving it, I would earn five points. If I completed it within twodays, I would earn three points. Finally, if I completed it within three or more days, I would onlyearn one point.I set a goal of earning 100 points within a month and a half, which would earn me a reward oftreating myself to a weekend trip. Which proved to be an effective way to stay motivated.The process of shaping my behavior involved creating a positive reinforcement systemthrough rewards. I conditioned myself to associate completing tasks promptly with receivingrewards, which helped to motivate me to continue the behavior. Additionally, I graduallyincreased the difficulty of the tasks to make them more challenging, gradually building my abilityto stay productive as well as learn how to deal with working under stress.Throughout the project, I utilized various vocabulary related to behavior modification andoperant conditioning, such as positive reinforcement, shaping, and conditioning. I also exploreddifferent methods and procedures to execute my project, such as creating a point system, visualprogress chart, and goal-setting.Overall, the results of my behavior project were positive. I was able to complete taskspromptly, resulting in less stress and increased productivity. By utilizing a reward system, I wasable to condition myself to associate completing tasks with positive outcomes, instilling a newhabit that I expect will stick with me for a long time.In terms of recommendations for improvement, I would suggest starting with smaller goalsand working up to bigger ones, especially for those who have trouble getting started. This wouldprevent any feelings of being overwhelmed that could lead to giving up before achieving anysignificant progress. Additionally, it is essential to recognize that each person and behavior isunique, so any behavior modification project should be tailored to suit their specific needs.Overall, I found the behavior modification project to be incredibly valuable and informative. Itwas an effective way to learn about different behavior modification techniques, learn to staymotivated, and achieve significant progress towards reaching my goals. 3303126292tt https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604397750 2023-05-25 06:31:44 UTC https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604397750 The Milgram Experiment,conducted in 1961 by StanleyMilgram, is one of the mostcontroversial studies in psychology.The experiment's goal was to identifyhow far individuals would go inobeying authority when giveninstructions to harm another humanbeing.The Milgram Experiment can beidentified with numerous historicaland contemporary psychologicaltheories. From unit 1's concepts, wecan identify two main predisposingpsychological factors that influencedthe experiment: obedience toauthority and conformity. Obedienceto authority is the tendency to complywith orders given by people in aposition of power, while conformity isthe modification of one's behavior toalign with the norms of a specificgroup. Milgram's study demonstratedthe susceptibility of individuals toconform and obey authority as theygave electric shocks to innocentpeople, indicating the influence ofthese two psychological theories.The type of research and samplingused in The Milgram Experimentwas a laboratory study, a type ofresearch that is conducted in acontrolled environment, whichallowed researchers to manipulateand measure variables accurately.Milgram used a volunteer sample of40 men ranging from differentbackgrounds to represent thegeneral population. AlthoughMilgram's sample had limitations,such as having only men, we canacknowledge that it was relativelyrepresentative of the targetpopulation. Furthermore, the studywas unethical and unreliable as theparticipants were misled about thenature of the study and the risksinvolved, making it impossible torecreate the study today.From unit 3, we can identify howthe biopsychology system affected allparticipants. The amygdala, astructure in the brain responsible forprocessing emotions, was activatedin the participant as they deliveredelectric shocks, indicating thatemotional reactions override morals,empathy, and reasoning. In addition,the hypothalamus, responsible forcontrolling stress responses, wasactivated in the participants.Increased cortisol levels resultingfrom stress could have influenced theparticipants' actions.With the knowledge we receivedfrom unit 4, we can identify that theparticipants experienced sleepdeprivation, resulting in a disruptionof their biological rhythms, whichcould have influenced their behavior.Sleep deprivation can negativelyaffect mood, cognitive function, anddecision-making abilities, whichwould have made it harder for theparticipants to resist the authority ofthe experimenter, potentially resultingin them giving higher shock levels.In unit 5, we learned that sensoryperception and culturalconsiderations influenced theparticipants behavior. Theparticipants were informed that theshocks were not harmful, and theycontinued to administer them. Thiscould indicate that despite cognitiveunderstanding, sensory perception iswhat influenced their actions.Furthermore, cultural perceptionplayed a critical role in influencingparticipants in the experiment. Forinstance, the participants' culturalbackground could have influencedtheir decision-making abilities andhow they processed the experiment'sinstructions.The Milgram Experiment involvedtwo main responses, as identified inunit 6: classical conditioning andoperant conditioning. The soundmade by the experimenter beforeadministering the shocks became aconditioned stimulus (CS), as theparticipants associated it with theelectric shock, a conditionedresponse (CR). The electric shockbecame the unconditioned stimulus(UCS), and the fear and discomfortduring the shock were theunconditioned response (UCR).Operant conditioning and sociallearning also played a role in theparticipants' behavior. Participantscontinued to obey the instructions outof fear of punishment and the desirefor rewards, as indicated in theelevated serum adrenaline levels.From unit 7, we can identify thatcognitive schemas influenced theresults of the Milgram Experiment.Cognitive schemas are pre-existingbeliefs and assumptions about theworld that we hold, and they guideour attention and memory duringdecision-making. The participants'cognitive schema that obedience toauthority was a desirable behaviorinfluenced their actions as theyobeyed the experimenter despite theharm they were inflicting on thelearner.In conclusion The MilgramExperiment will remain acontroversial experiment inpsychology history for many years tocome. From the analysis, we canidentify that the study was unethical,and was influenced by historical andcontemporary psychological theories,biopsychology, sleep deprivation,sensory perception, classical andoperant conditioning, social learning,and cognitive schemas. Although thestudy was fundamentally flawed, itprovides valuable insights into thehuman psyche and the impact ofauthority in decision-makingprocesses.Works CitedMilgram, S. (1963). Behavioral Studyof Obedience. Journal of Abnormaland Social Psychology, 67(4),371-378.https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040525. 3303126292tt https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604399480 2023-05-25 06:33:08 UTC https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604399480 The Trolley Problem is a significant moral dilemma that aims to elucidate the competenciesof human beings in contexts of decision-making processes. This compelling dilemmaunderlines the complexities of the human decision making process.The Trolley Problem's Hypothetical Impact on a 5-year-old child is unlikely tocomprehensively assess the moral consequences of the Trolley Problem scenario. According toPiaget's Cognitive Development Theory, a child at the age of 5 is at the preoperational stage. Inthis phase, youngsters have limited perceptual capacities, and they struggle to comprehendabstract ideas and the reasoning behind their actions. The child may react impulsively oremotionally to the dilemma. Also a 5-year-old is in the initiative vs. guilt stage, in which anaverage child seeks to establish power over their environment. Thus, the child'sdecision-making would be influenced by a desire to exert control over the situation rather thanthe moral repercussions.A 10-year-old, on the other hand, would likely respond differently to the Trolley Problem. Atthis age, a child is inclined to have better-developed cognitive, emotional, and physical abilities.Erikson's initiative vs. industry stage asserts that a 10-year-old strives to be competent andproductive, which may propel them to assess the Trolley Problem more thoroughly. Piaget'stheory suggests the youngster would be in the concrete operational stage, denoting a highercapacity to reason abstract ideas and comprehend the reasoning of cause and effect. This childmight adopt a more practical stance towards resolving the dilemma. Kohlberg's preconventionaland conventional stages are relevant to the 10-year-old's moral development, which cautionsthat children at this age could still be fixated on meeting expectations or evading punishmentAlthough a 10-year-old might demonstrate a rational approach to the problem, their ultimatemoral decision may become vulnerable to external influences.An individual at the age of 20 is likely to exhibit a more mature and well-rounded cognitionwhen handling the Trolley Problem. At this age, people have mostly crossed the developmentalbenchmarks of the child and adolescent stages, allowing for advanced moral reasoning.Kohlberg's conventional and post-conventional stages of moral development imply that a youngadult can test societal norms and evaluate the Trolley Problem from different perspectives.Erikson's psychosocial theory suggests that a 20-year-old grapples with identity vs. roleconfusion, followed by intimacy vs. isolation, stimulating a reflexive exploration of their opinions.Piaget postulates that a young adult would be in the formal operational stage, characterized bya high ability to comprehend abstract ideas and hypothetical situations. These cognitive abilitiescan help a 20-year-old contemplate the moral consequences of the Trolley Problem morethoroughly, significantly affecting their decisions.Considering the moral dilemma of the Trolley Problem, I would seek to minimize the loss ofhuman lives. I would, therefore, choose to redirect the trolley, potentially saving four lives,assuming no other factors contraindicate this decision. In Kohlberg's Stages of MoralDevelopment, my personal decision aligns with the postconventional stage, where moralreasoning derives from ethics rather than relying merely on expectations.The Trolley Problem provides a unique lens through which to explore the moral developmentof individuals at various stages of life. By assessing the hypothetical actions of individuals aged5, 10, and 20 in response to the Trolley Problem, it becomes evident how the theories ofErikson, Piaget, and Kohlberg can illuminate the shifting nature of moral decision-makingabilities. As individuals progress through life, navigating through cognitive, emotional, andphysical development. 3303126292tt https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604421945 2023-05-25 06:49:45 UTC https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604421945 Personality tests are designed to assess different aspects of an individual's personality suchas their behavior patterns, emotional reactions, and social tendencies.These tests can help to identify strengths and weaknesses in an individual's personality, andgive insight into how they are likely to behave in different situations.Personality tests can be used by individuals to gain a better understanding of themselves andby employers to assess job applicants.One widely used personality test is the Big 5 personality test.The test uses the five-factor model to measure five key dimensions of personality: openness,conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.Each of these dimensions is measured on a scale from 0-100.My Big 5 personality test scores were openness (75%), conscientiousness (56%),extraversion (42%), agreeableness (65%), and neuroticism (75%).These scores suggest that I am an open and creative person who likes new experiences, but Iam also conscientious and organized.While I am not particularly outgoing or sociable, I do value social harmony and I am not prone toemotional instability.To analyze the validity and reliability of personality tests, it is important to note that there aredifferent types of personality tests with varying degrees of validity and reliability.The Big 5 personality test is generally considered to be a valid and reliable measure ofpersonality.Researchers have found that the personality traits identified by the Big 5 model tend to bestable over time and are consistent across cultures.However, it is important to note that no personality test is perfect, and there are limitations towhat they can tell us about an individual's personality. For example, personality tests can onlyprovide a snapshot of an individual's personality at a particular point in time, and they may notfully capture the complexity and diversity of individual personalities.After discussing my test results with someone who knows me well, I believe that my scoresaccurately describe my personality.This person confirmed that I am indeed an organized and conscientious person, and that I dotend to value social harmony over conflict. They also noted that I am generally stable andconsistent in my emotional reactions.In terms of my personality strengths and weaknesses, my high scores in openness andconscientiousness are likely to be beneficial in many areas of my life. For example, myopenness to new experiences may help me to be creative and adaptable in my work, while myconscientiousness may make me dependable and thorough in my tasks. However, my lowerscore in extraversion could be a weakness in certain situations, such as when I need to be amore assertive and outgoing leader.Overall, personality tests can provide valuable insights into an individual's personality, butthey should be used as one tool among many in gaining a complete understanding of anindividual's personality. It is also important to recognize that no personality test can fully capturethe complexity and diversity of individual personalities, and that self-reflection and feedbackfrom others can be equally important in understanding oneself. 3303126292tt https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604422998 2023-05-25 06:50:33 UTC https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604422998 Stress is an inevitable part of human life. Our world has become increasingly demanding andcomplicated, with work, family, health and financial pressures placing immense strain on ourmental and emotional capacities. In response, many individuals find themselves ailing under theburden of stress, manifesting both physical and psychological symptoms. It is essential toaddress the sources of stress in our lives and develope coping mechanisms that will ultimatelylead to a better quality of life, increased happiness and a more healthy body.One well-documented method that works as an effective way to reduce stress and improvingoverall well-being is exercise. When we exercise our body produces endorphins thus making usfeel better but also helps to lift our mood and decrease anxiety. Another method that is oftenunderestimated when dealing with anxiety and stress is the power of mindfulness andmeditation. Techniques such as breathing exercises, body scan relaxation, or progressivemuscle relaxation can prove to be very effective and lead to a reduction in stress, anxiety, anddepression. By incorporating mindfulness into my daily routine, I have found a heightened senseof self-awareness and peace. Mindfulness enables me to respond to stressors in a calm andmeasured manner, rather than react impulsively. Consequently, my capacity fordecision-making, emotional regulation and resilience has increased, improving my ability tohandle stress in the long term.I would like to recommend the following resource to my peers for stress management.Headspace – a popular meditation and mindfulness app providing guided sessions, educationalresources and motivating tools to help cultivate a consistent practice. It is accessible anduser-friendly, making it an excellent choice for beginners and seasoned practitioners alike. 3303126292tt https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604423892 2023-05-25 06:51:08 UTC https://padlet.com/3303126292tt/yu98vtvuyp1pv85w/wish/2604423892