My epic padlet by NHI HUỲNH KHÁNH https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90 Made with a wish on a star en-us 2021-09-27 14:42:35 UTC 2025-03-14 05:46:37 UTC hello@padlet.com Word order 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1771419626 In most questions, we put an auxiliary verb ( are, were, might, could,.. ) before the subject - not the whole verb, even with long subjects.
Ex : Are Annie and the rest of the family coming tomorrow? ( NOT : Are coming Annie... ? )

If there is no other auxiliary verb, we use do (+ infinitive without to).
Ex : What does 'hyperactive' mean? ( NOT : What means "hyperactive" )

Note that "do" may come twice in questions: once as an auxiliary and once as a main verb.
Ex : What does your brother do?







]]> 2021-09-27 14:50:16 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1771419626 Question-word subject 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1771519182 Note: When who and what are subjects, we normally make questions without "do".
Compare : 
"Who said that?" "Lucy said that" ( NOT : Who did say that? )
"What happened?" "Something strange happened" (NOT : What did happen? )

The same thing happens when subjects begin with question-words which, what, whose, what sort of or how much/many.
Ex : Which team won? (NOT : Which team did win? )
       What country won the last World Cup?
       How many students live here?
       Whose dog dug up my flowers?

However, "do" can be used with question-word subjects for special emphasis.
Ex : 'Ollie didn't get the job; 'Really? So who did get it?'

]]> 2021-09-27 15:17:02 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1771519182 Prepositions 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1771653905 Prepositions often come at the end of questions, especially in informal speech and writing.
Ex : Who are you waiting for?
       What's that book about?

It is possible to begin with the preposition, but this is generally very formal.
Ex : With whom did Mozart collaborate?
       On what do blue whales feed?

However, this order is unusual or impossible in informal speech. : After whose children are you looking?

Two-word questions ending with a preposition are common in conversation.
Ex : 'Rose is getting married.' 'Who to?'
       'I've been thinking.' 'What about?'

Note: A few prepositions do not normally come at the end of sentences.
Ex : During whose lesson did you fall asleep? (NOT : Whose lesson.... during? )]]> 2021-09-27 15:53:42 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1771653905 Negatives 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1771846651 structure To make negative verb forms, we put not or "n't" after an auxiliary verb or be. If there is no other auxiliary, we use do. In standard English, we don't normally use not or do with negative words like never, hardly, nothing (But this is common in many dialects. )
Ex : The Minister has not made a decision.
       He never says much (NOT "He does/ doesn't never say much" )

NOTE : do and not with negative words. Do is possible with a negative for emphasis.
Ex : 'I've split up with my girlfriend.'  'I'm not surprised. I never did like her.'
And not can contradict the meaning of another negative word.
Ex : I didn't say nothing - I said 'Hello'.

]]> 2021-09-27 16:55:06 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1771846651 "Not" and "No" 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1771932823 structures with not We use not to make a word, expression or clause negative.
Ex: Not surprisingly, she failed her driving test. ( NOT No surprisingly...)
       I've worked in Scotland, but not in Ireland ( NOT ... but no in Ireland. )

Not can refer to different parts of a sentence. However, in a clause with a verb, not normally goes with the verb, whatever the exact meaning.
 Ex: Peter didn't study art at Cambridge (NOT Peter studied not art at Cambridge )

meaning of no We use no with a noun or -ing form to mean 'not any' or 'not a/an'.
Ex: No pilots went on strike. (=' There weren't any pilots on strike)

NOTES 
  • not The exact reference of not can be shown in a speech by STRESS.
       Ex: PETER didn't study medicine at Cambridge. (lt was Susan.)
  • In writing, we can use a special sentence structure if necessary
       Ex: It was not Peter who studied medicine at Cambridge, but Susan.
  • not all, not every We most often put not before a subject beginning with all or every.
       Ex: Not all British people drink tea.
             Not every bird can fly.
]]> 2021-09-27 17:24:35 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1771932823 Negative questions 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1773601759 contracted (informal )
  • n't after auxiliary verb or be
       Ex: Why didn't she answer?
             Aren't they at home?
uncontracted (formal, unusual )
  • not after subject
       Ex: Why did she not answer?
             Are they not at home?

We say "aren't l?", not "amn't I"
Ex: 'Aren't I next?' 'No, Harry is.'

answers to negative questions Note how we use Yes and No in answers to negative questions. The choice depends on the answer, not the question. Yes goes with or suggests an affirmative verb; No goes with or suggests a negative verb.
Ex: 'Don't you like it?' 'Yes (I like it).'
      Aren't you ready?' 'No (I'm not ready).'

checking negative ideas We often use negative questions to check that something has not happened, is not true, etc. The meaning is like 'Is it true that ... not ... ?'
Ex: Hasn't Mary phoned? I wonder if she's forgotten. ( = 'Is it true that Mary hasn't phoned?')

These questions can also express surprise that something has not happened, is not happening, etc.
Ex: Haven't the tickets come yet?

The structure is often used in rhetorical questions - questions that don't ask for an answer
Ex: Don't you ever listen to what I say?

checking positive ideas Negative questions can also check that something is true.
Ex: Didn't you see Peter yesterday? How is he? (=' I believe you saw Peter ...')

Negative questions are also common in exclamations.
Ex: Isn't it hot!
      Doesn't the garden look nice!

NOTE: polite invitations We can use Won't/Wouldn't, ..? in polite invitations.
Ex: Won't you come in?
      Wouldn't you like something to drink?

We do not use negative questions to ask people to do things for us.
NOT Can't you help me? (This sounds like a criticism.)
]]> 2021-09-28 06:22:16 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1773601759 more about negative 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1775170622 I don't think etc We usually use I don't think + affirmative verb, not I think + negative verb. The same is true with believe, suppose, imagine and similar verbs.
Ex: I don't think you know Joe.
      I don't believe she's at home.

However, with hope we normally make the following verb negative.
Ex: I hope it doesn't rain.

There is a similar use of not and other negative words with seem, expect and want before an infinitive.
Ex: He doesn't seem to like you.
      I don't expect to be back before Monday.

not ... or When not refers to two or more verbs, nouns, adjectives etc, we usually join them with or.
Ex: He doesn't smoke or drink. (NOT He doesn't smoke nor drink )

However, we can use nor after a pause, to separate and emphasize a second idea.
Ex: Our main need is not food, nor money. It is education.

Note that neither cannot be used in this way.

NOTES
  • not ... because Negative sentences with because-clauses can often be understood in two ways.
       Ex: I didn't sing because Pat was there. (= 'I didn't sing' or 'I sang, but for another reason')

  • The confusion can be avoided by reorganising the sentence.
       Ex: 'Because Pat was there, I didn't sing' OR 'I sang, but not because Pat was there'.

  • extra not In informal speech, expressions like I don't think or I don't suppose are often added after a negative statement. This makes no difference to the meaning of the statement.
       Ex: She hasn't got much chance of passing her driving test, I don't think.
       Also in informal speech, a negative verb (without a negative meaning) is sometimes used after expressions of doubt or uncertainty.
       Ex: I shouldn't be surprised if they didn't get married soon (= '. .. if they got married.')

  • ain't The word ain't is very common in many English dialects (but is not used in modern standard English). It means 'am/are/is not' or 'have/has not'
       Ex: We ain't ready yet.
             I ain't got a clue what she wants.

  • We use nor and neither rather than also not. Note the word order.
       Ex: The chief engineer was not in the building and nor was his assistant. (NOT .... and his assistant also not. )
]]> 2021-09-28 15:57:44 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1775170622 verbs in that-clauses: subjunctives 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1775279735 subjunctives Many languages have special verb forms that are used to talk about possibilities rather than facts. In European languages these are often called 'subjunctives'.

The older English subjunctives have mostly disappeared; in their place, we mostly use ordinary verb forms or modal verbs. However, subjunctives survive in a few cases.

  • that he go, that she be etc A third-person singular present form without -s can be used after that in a formal style, when we say that things are (un)important or (un)desirable. The same forms are used in both present and past sentences.
       Ex: It is important that the child go to a first-class school.
             We were anxious that everyone receive the information as soon as possible'

With verbs that are not third-person singular, the forms are the same as ordinary present-tense verbs (but they may refer to the past).
Ex: He suggested that I move to another office.

Do is not used in negative subjunctives.
Ex: The committee was concerned that the club not overspend its budget.

Be is used as a subjunctive instead of am/are/is, often in passives.
Ex: The doctor recommends that she be allowed to sit up out of bed for an hour a day.

The old past subjunctive were can be used instead of was after if, and wish, and in the expression as it were. These uses are mostly formal (but if I were you is also common in informal speech).
Ex: It would be better if the meeting were postponed until Tuesday.
      I wish I were somewhere else.

NOTES
  • In British English, subjunctives are not very common we more often use ordinary verb forms or should,...
  • ln American English subjunctives are more frequent.
  • Past tenses are used in some cases with present or future meanings to talk about possibilities rather than facts - for instance after if , wish and it's time. These were originally subjunctives.


]]> 2021-09-28 16:32:40 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1775279735 word order in negatives 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1778257520 Negatives
  • With auxiliaries (be, have and modals ), we form negatives with not/n't.
  • In formal situation, we use the full form (We are not ).
  • In informal situation, we usually contract not (We aren't) or we contract the auxiliary (We're not ) and the modals (We'll not )
       Ex: Dogs are not allowed in city park
             They aren't listening
             We're not ready yet
             He'll not go unless you ask him
  • With other words, we form negatives with do plus not/n't before the base form of the verb.
       Ex: Some people do not understand
             We didn't see it (NOT We didn't saw it )
  • Negative form of do are not used with modal verbs
       Ex: I can't swim (NOT I don't can swim )
  • In sentences with infinitives and gerunds, we but not before infinitives and gerunds.
        Ex: He pretended not to see us
              I enjoyed not going to school for a few days.
  • We can use no before nouns, and negative adverbs such as no longer or never before verbs.
       Ex: She's no longer working here
             They will never be free

]]> 2021-09-29 14:27:24 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1778257520 word other in questions 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1778288663 With auxiliaries (be, have and modals ) we form questions by putting the auxiliaries or modals before the subject.
Ex: Are you coming?
      Why must you leave? (NOT Why you must leave? )

With other words, we form questions with do before the subject and the base form of the verb.
Ex: What does he want?
      Did he break it? (NOT Did he broke it? )

We begin yes/no question with be, do, have or a modals and usually use them to get Yes or No as an answer.
We can use Yes/No questions joined by orwhen we offer a choice between two possible answers.
Ex: Am I the first to arrive?
      Do you like it?
      Have you got a minute?
      May we come in?
      Do we go now or wait until later?

Wh-question begin with Wh-words (question words ) and ask for specific information
Ex: What's your name?
  • Other wh-words include: which, who, whom, when, why,..     

When we use What or Who as the subject, we usually put the main verb ( not do ) after them.
Ex: What's making that noise?
      Who used my computer? (NOT Who did use my computer? )

NOTE similar use of whose and which with nouns.
Ex: Whose phone is ringing?
       Which team won?
]]> 2021-09-29 14:35:40 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1778288663 Negative questions 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1778549665 Negative yes/no questions usually begin with negative forms ofbe, do, have or a modal. In negative wh-question, we put the negative forms after the wh-words.
Ex: Aren't this book mine?
      Doesn't he speak any English?
      Haven't we seen that film?
      Can you open the window?
      Why didn't you go? (NOT Why you didn't go? )

When we answer negative yes/no questions, we use Yes to say the positive is true and No to say the negative is true.
Ex: Aren't they French? Yes (=They are French )/ No (=They aren't French ) 

We put negative adverbs such as never and emphatic not after the subject (not the auxiliary) in negative questions.
Ex: Have you never eaten meat?
      Did he not understand the text? (NOT Did not he understand the text? )

We can use yes/no questions to ask for confirmation or express surprise.
Ex: Haven't you ever seen snow?
      Doesn't she like any music at all?

Questions begin with Why don't you...? or Why not...?are used for offer suggestions.
Ex: Why don't you come with us?
      Why not have a party on Sunday?

]]> 2021-09-29 15:45:50 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1778549665 question tags 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1778691009 Question tags or tag questions are short forms of questions added after statements.
We usually use a positive statements + negative tag or a negative statement + positive tag.
Ex: We are late, aren't we?
      I can swim, can't I?
  • The full forms (are we not? does he not? ) are very formal.
In question tags, we use a pronoun that matches the subject of the sentence and a verb that matches the main verb auxiliary (if there is one ) or be (as a main verb) or we use a form of do.
Ex: He was guilty, wasn't he?
      The evidence showed he was guilty, didn't it? (NOT ...wasn't he? )
  • Note that we use a positive tag with they after no one or nobody
       Ex: Nobody likes it, do they?

We use modals in tags after imperatives for requests or proposals.
Ex: Don't say anything, will you?

We can use a positive tag after a positive sentence when we want to confirm information, often after repeating what a previous speaker said. A negative tag after a negative sentence is very rare.
Ex: That's your new car, is it?
]]> 2021-09-29 16:29:37 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1778691009 No, none, nobody, no one and nothing 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1778818523
Although we normally use negative verbs (wasn't, haven't) to express negative concepts, we can also use positive verbs with negative words such as no, none, nobody, no one and nothing. We can use these negative words as subjects with positive verbs.
Ex: There was nothing to eat in the hotel room, so none of us has had breakfast yet.
      Nobody told us (NOT Not anybody told )

We use no before nouns and none instead of nouns.
Ex: Didn't you bring any money? - I have no money/ I have none (NOT I have none money )
  • We don't normally use double negatives (NOT I don't have no money )

We use none before pronouns and determiners (the, those, our, etc ).
Ex: None of them understood it. 
  • In informal situations, none is sometimes used with plural verbs
        Ex: None of them are working

We can use no with both singular and plural nouns or a gerund to emphasize the negative. We can use this structure instead of a negative verb or as a shorthand for "is/are not allowed" in formal situations.
Ex: One class doesn't have a teacher -> One class has no teacher.
  • We use don't + verb rather than No + gerund in informal situations.
       Ex: Don't park there.

We can use no or not/n't any with comparative adjectives and adverbs.
Ex: We should leave no later than 8:30 / We shouldn't leave any later than 8:30.

We use not rather than no in reduce negatives, before the indefinite article a/an and before quantifiers such as all or a lot.
Ex: Not a single drop of blood was spilt
]]> 2021-09-29 17:12:05 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1778818523 inversion after negative words and phrases 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1781615091 We use inversion after negative adverbs such as never or nowhere when they are placed in front position for emphasis. We put the subject after an auxiliary verbs (be, do, have) or a modal.
Ex: I have never heard such nonsense -> Never have I heard such a nonsense.

We also use inversion after negative phrases with no and not in front position.
Ex: The children weren't in danger at any time -> At no time were the children in danger.

Inversion is typically used in formal and literary English, but we can also use it in informal replies, after neither, nor or no way.
Ex: I don't understand - Neither do I
      Mr Brown should let us leave early - No way will he agree to that.

]]> 2021-09-30 14:37:32 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1781615091 What or Which? 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1781684939 We can use which and what before nouns and as pronouns. We use what when we think there is an unlimited number of possible answers and which when there is a limited number..
Ex: What bus/ Which bus should I take?

We use which before one or ones. We use which of before determiners (the, this, my, etc) and pronouns when we ask about things and people in a limited set.
Ex: Which of these books haven't you read? (NOT What of these books haven't you read? )
      Which one is mine? Which ones already have sugar?
  • We can use who to ask a general question.
Ex: Who is first? (NOT Who of you is first? )


]]> 2021-09-30 14:56:29 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1781684939 question words with prepositions and adverbs 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1781759683 We can use wh-question to ask about the object of prepositions. We usually out preposition at the end of a wh-question. In formal uses, the preposition is sometimes but at the beginning.
Ex: He going to fill the hole with something -> What he going on fill the hole with?
      With what is he going to fill ?

In some wh-question (What...for?/ What/Who...like?), the preposition is always at the end.
Ex: What are you waiting for?
      Who do you look like?

There are some prepositions that we use at the beginning of wh-questions.
Ex: During which period were the French in control?

We usually put adverbs after wh-question, but sometimes we can use adverbs before wh-question.
Ex: How often do you exercise?

Wh-words with ever (whenever, wherever,...) are used to express surprise or disbelief.
Ex: Wherever did you find that?
      However she did that?]]> 2021-09-30 15:18:35 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1781759683 other question types 2057010220 https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1781774926 Question inside question 

  • We can put a yes/no question asking what people think or say after the wh-word (what, who) inside a wh-question.
       Ex: Do you think something is wrong? -> What do you think is wrong? (NOT What you think is wrong? )

  • When we put a yes/no question inside a wh-question, we use question word other in the yes/no question, not in the wh-question.
       Ex: Does he believe the fighting will end? -> When does he believe the fighting will end? (NOT When does he believe will the fighting will end? )

Statements used as questions

  • We can use a yes/no question to ask for confirmation of something or repeat what was just said, usually to surprise. We can use a wh-word in a statement to ask for clarification or get more information about part was just said.
Ex: David doesn't know about this?
      I met Poyeye - You met who? (NOT Did you meet who? ) 

Rhetorical questions

  • Rhetorical questions have the form of a question, but can be used to assert something. We can use rhetorical questions to establish a topic or to highlight a previous question before giving an answer.
Ex: Mike isn't here yet - Who's care (=I don't care), Isn't he always late? (= He is always late )

Reduced questions

  • In informal situations, yes/no questions are sometimes used without Are you? or Do/Dis you? and wh-question can be reduced to the wh-question alone or short phrases.
       Ex: Feeling okay?
             We must buy that piano - How?

  • We also use phrases How about? and What about? without verbs before nouns and gerunds to make suggestions or to draw attention to something.
       Ex: How about a cup of tea?
             What about your homework?

Indirect questions

  • We use indirect questions when we report what was asked. We don't use question word other or a question mark in indirect questions. We begin yes/no indirect questions with if or whether.
       Ex: What do you mean? -> I asked her what she meant     (NOT I asked her what did she mean? )
             Do you teach karate? -> I ask if they taught karate (NOT I asked did they teach karate?)

]]> 2021-09-30 15:23:09 UTC https://padlet.com/2057010220/ytg6zh6b2a63rk90/wish/1781774926